Ali Jazayeri Moghadas; Gholamreza Irajian; Reza Ranjbar
Volume 4, Issue 3 , June 2009, , Pages 128-132
Abstract
Background: and Objectives: Salmonella infections are endemic in many developing countries with poor sanitary conditions, but emerge sporadically as a serious public health threat in developed countries. Infections with multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Salmonella have been associated with ...
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Background: and Objectives: Salmonella infections are endemic in many developing countries with poor sanitary conditions, but emerge sporadically as a serious public health threat in developed countries. Infections with multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Salmonella have been associated with treatment failures. Salmonella spp. resistant to extended spectrum cephalosporins are increasing in prevalence worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility, multidrug resistance and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production among clinical isolates of Salmonella spp. during 2007 in Tehran, Iran. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, fifty Salmonella spp. were identified by API 20E system and serotyped by the slide agglutination test. Disk diffusion test was performed. Double disk synergy test was used as a screening test for ESBL production, using disks of cefotaxime and ceftazidime with and without clavulanic acid. Results: From 50 Salmonella spp. 12 (24%) were S. enterica serotype paratyphi B, 24 (48%) S. enterica serotype paratyphi C and 14 (28%) were S. enterica serotype Typhi. The most susceptibility and resistance were observed to ceftazidime (98%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (96%), respectively. 28(56%) were resistant to 5 or more antibiotics. ESBL production was detected by double disk synergy test in one isolate (2%). Conclusion: Results showed increase in antibiotic and multidrug resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. comparing to previous studies in Iran and other countries.It seems that this is the first report of Salmonella spp. ESBL producing in Iran.
Bhushan Warpe; AV Shrikhande; SV Poflee
Volume 11, Issue 2 , April 2016, , Pages 133-137
Abstract
Background: Until now, trimodal distribution of HbS has been seen by six different studies in the world when associated with alpha-thalassemia with confirmation by corresponding alpha-genotyping studies. The RBC indices reduce as alpha-globin genes reduce in sickle cell trait (SCT) patients, which decreases ...
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Background: Until now, trimodal distribution of HbS has been seen by six different studies in the world when associated with alpha-thalassemia with confirmation by corresponding alpha-genotyping studies. The RBC indices reduce as alpha-globin genes reduce in sickle cell trait (SCT) patients, which decreases the extent of intra-vascular sickling and thus betters the clinical course of the patients. This is a pioneer study conducted on Central Indian poor population to use the already proven six studies to screen associated alpha-thalassemia in SCT patients thus, circumventing the much costlier alpha-genotyping studies. Moreover, it aimed to study the haematological parameters in such cases. Methods: The study was performed at RHDMC, IGGMC, Nagpur, India from 2003 to 2012. The sample population was suspected cases of haemolytic anaemia. CBC and RBC indices were obtained by a cell analyzer. The sickle solubility test positively screened cases were confirmed by agar-gel haemoglobin electrophoresis at pH 8.6. Finally, quantitative assessment of haemoglobin variants was performed by HPLC. Results: Out of total 5819 cases over ten years, 933 cases were sickle heterozygotes. Overall, 180/933 subjects were predicted to be homozygous alpha-thalassemia and 338/933 were heterozygous alpha-thalassemia, based on trimodal distribution of HbS. Conclusion: Genotyping is costlier for majority of the poor non-affording patients in Indian government set-ups, so this study is suitable to screen for associated alpha-thalassemia in SCT patients.
Biochemistry
Maryam Karimi; Hossein Babaahmadi-Rezaei; Ghorban Mohammadzadeh; Mohammad-Ali Ghaffari
Abstract
Background and objective: According to reports, a serine protease inhibitor (Maspin) suppresses metastasis, invasion and angiogenesis in breast and prostate cancers. Silibinin is a natural polyphenolic flavonoid with anti-cancer activity. We assessed the effects of silibinin on cell viability, maspin ...
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Background and objective: According to reports, a serine protease inhibitor (Maspin) suppresses metastasis, invasion and angiogenesis in breast and prostate cancers. Silibinin is a natural polyphenolic flavonoid with anti-cancer activity. We assessed the effects of silibinin on cell viability, maspin and ERα gene expression in MCF-7 cell line. Methods: The human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) and treated with different concentrations of silibinin (100-600 μg/mL) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The cytotoxic effect of silibinin on MCF-7 viability was determined using Methyl-Thiazolyl-Tetrazolium (MTT) assay by IC50 determination. The fold changes of Maspin and ERα expression were determined by reverse-transcription real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). All experiments on the cells were performed in triplicates. Results: The maximum inhibitory effect of silibinin on cell viability was observed at 600 μg/mL after 72-hour incubation (p = 0.001). Incubation of the cells with silibinin for 48 and 72 hours significantly decreased IC50 values to 250 and 207 μg/mL (p = 0.005 and p= 0.006), respectively. The expression of maspin and ERα in the treated cells compared to controls was significantly decreased following treatment with different concentrations of silibinin during a 24-hour period. Conclusions: Silibinin reduces both maspin and ERα gene expression in MCF-7 cell line. The therapeutic effect of silibinin on the treatment of breast cancer may be mediated by the reduction of ERα expression. For verifying this hypothesis and the possible therapeutic implication of silibinin on breast cancer, further studies in this direction are necessary.
Uropathology
Mahsa Ahadi; Fereshte Aliakbari; Saeedeh Latifi; Seyed Jalil Hosseini; Atossa Gharib; Abolfazl Movafagh; Zahra Abdolalian; Arash Dehghan; Arsham Moradi; Behrang Kazeminejad; Azadeh Rakhshan; Elena Jamali; Farzad Allameh; Afshin Moradi
Abstract
Background and Objective: Infertility refers to the failure in achieving pregnancy of a couple after one year of regular sexual intercourse without using a protection method. The purpose of this research work was to evaluate the current status of the test and quality control performance in semen analysis ...
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Background and Objective: Infertility refers to the failure in achieving pregnancy of a couple after one year of regular sexual intercourse without using a protection method. The purpose of this research work was to evaluate the current status of the test and quality control performance in semen analysis in selected laboratories. Material and Methods: The semen analysis was performed in the Laboratory of Andrology in terms of macroscopic examination which include volume, color, viscosity, pH and acidity, and in terms of microscopy: the rate of sperm movement, the exact number of sperms per ml of semen, the percentage of sperm viability and movement, the presence of germ cells and white blood cells. Several questions for each part of the test were selected and answered by the director of the laboratories or andrology section supervisor. Results: There was a wide range in the performance of selected medical laboratories in Tehran regarding the standards of semen analysis according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Laboratory Manual for the examination and processing of human semen, fifth edition in 2010. They followed the instructions related to the sample collection in about 70% of the evaluated parameters, initial macroscopic examination in about 87% of the selected subjects, and the microscopic evaluation of sperm in about 65% of the test parameters. Conclusion: some laboratories do not follow the instructions of the WHO in performing semen analysis, and most of them do not follow the suggested methods in all parts of the test.
Dhaneshor Sharma; Tomcha Singh; Rajesh Singh Laishram; Ranjit Singh
Volume 6, Issue 3 , June 2011, , Pages 143-146
Abstract
Breast metastasis of ovarian carcinoma is rare. To date, only 39 cases have been reported in the English-language literature so far. We are herewith reporting a primary ovarian papillary serous cyst adenocarcinoma metastasing ...
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Breast metastasis of ovarian carcinoma is rare. To date, only 39 cases have been reported in the English-language literature so far. We are herewith reporting a primary ovarian papillary serous cyst adenocarcinoma metastasing to breast and epsilateral supraclavicular node in a 58 year old female as the first case in our centre, located at North-East India. The purpose of reporting this case is to emphasize the need of examining breasts in patients of ovarian cancer and the need to exercise meticulous care to exclude second primary at breast from possible secondaries at breast from ovarian can cer.
Hedieh Moradi Tabriz; Alireza Abdollahi; Saeideh Mahfoozi
Volume 5, Issue 3 , June 2010, , Pages 143-149
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Blood stream infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in the world. In this study, we aimed at describing the organisms responsible for septicemia in 2006-2007 and their antimicrobial susceptibility that might lead to proper selection of antimicrobial agents ...
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Background and Objectives: Blood stream infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in the world. In this study, we aimed at describing the organisms responsible for septicemia in 2006-2007 and their antimicrobial susceptibility that might lead to proper selection of antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients with suspected sepsis. Materials and Methods: Microbiology reports of 1753 blood specimens collected from inpatients of a referral hospital in Iran were retrospectively reviewed. Specimen culture, bacterial identification, and disk diffusion susceptibility testing were performed according to The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Data were analyzed by SPSS, X² Test and the fisher exact Test. Results: Coagulase-negative Staphylococci accounted for most isolated bacteria (24.61%), in both genders. The second and third most frequent isolated bacteria in adults were staphylococcus aureus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and in children were Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. aureus. Among the all Gram – positive cocci, vancomycin was the most effective agent. The most effective antibiotic varied among the Gram-Negative isolates, for example 95.65% of S. maltophilia were susceptible to co-Trimoxazole, and amikacin were suitable antibiotic in 85.29% of E. coli. Conclusion: As the degree of antibiotic resistance rate for blood stream pathogens is alarming, it is mandatory to monitor the susceptibility of these isolates in order to avoid inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospital wards
Biochemistry
Ahmad Raesi; Ebrahim Saedi Dezaki; Hamideh Moosapour; Farzaneh Saeidifard; Zahra Habibi; Fereidoun Rahmani; Soleiman Kheiri; Elham Taheri
Abstract
Background & Objective: Previous studies have addressed the electrolyte abnormalitiessuch as hypocalcemiain COVID-19 patients. We aimed to compare the laboratory findings especially the electrolyte levels amongCOVID-19 patients and healthy controls and evaluate their prognostic values. Materials ...
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Background & Objective: Previous studies have addressed the electrolyte abnormalitiessuch as hypocalcemiain COVID-19 patients. We aimed to compare the laboratory findings especially the electrolyte levels amongCOVID-19 patients and healthy controls and evaluate their prognostic values. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 91 COVID-19 patients and 169 healthy individuals. Their laboratory parameters including electrolytes, albumin, liver enzymes, complete blood count, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were compared. We also analyzed the association between these markers and the major outcomes including severity, mortality and hospitalization. Results: Among patients with COVID-19, 59.3% of the patients had hypocalcemia on admission while in control group only 32.5% had low calcium level (OR=3.02, 95% CI: 1.79-5.13, p <0.001). The rates of death and ICU admission were significantly higher among the patients in hypocalcemic group than those of eucalcemic group (85.7% vs 14.3% and 33.3% Vs 9.1%, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in the mean PTH and vitamin D levels between the two groups. In terms of the severity of the infection, 74.1% of patients in hypocalcemic group had a severe infection while 24.3% of the patients in eucalcemic group were diagnosed with severe infection (OR=8.89, 95% CI: 3.38-23.37, p <0.001). Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 had considerable laboratory abnormalities including hypocalcemia. The hypocalcemia was also associated with worse major clinical outcomes and higher mortality risk.
N. Sharifi; M. Katebi
Volume 3, Issue 3 , June 2008, , Pages 146-150
Abstract
Background and Objective: Histological grading has prognostic and therapeutic implications in meningioma. However, histological criteria are sometimes not fulfilled to predict the biological behavior of meningiomas. P63 gene is a novel P53 family member, known as tumor suppressor factor, with ...
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Background and Objective: Histological grading has prognostic and therapeutic implications in meningioma. However, histological criteria are sometimes not fulfilled to predict the biological behavior of meningiomas. P63 gene is a novel P53 family member, known as tumor suppressor factor, with multiple isoforms and shows high expression in many normal and neoplastic human tissues. In this study, we investigated expression of P63 in different histological grades of meningiomas. Material and Methods: For this purpose, we studied and analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of P63 by a monoclonal antibody (clone 4A4) that recognizes all P63 isoforms in 52 cases of meningioma including WHO grade I (42 cases), grade II (7 cases) and grade III (3 cases). Correlation between histological grade and parameters like cell nuclear immunoreactivity to P63 antibody, age, gender and site of meningioma was analyzed by parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. Results: Among 52 patients analyzed, there were 35 females (67.3 %) and 17 males (32.7%) between 13 and 75 years old. Histological grading revealed 42 cases (80.8%) as WHO grade I, 7 (13.5%) as grade II and 3 (5.8%) cases were grade III. Expression of P63 protein was found in 83.2% of cases with grade I but in grade II and III, all of the cases were immunoreactive, so as in grade III, 100% of cases were with higher percent of nuclear reactivity in our study. Correlation between histological grade and nuclear immunoreactivity was highly significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: We conclude that the immunohistochemical staining of P63 will be valuable in discrimination of different grades of meningiomas.
Biochemistry
Hassan Ghasemi; Nayere Askari; Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh; Susan Kabudanian Ardestani; Sakine Moaiedmohseni; Mohammad-Reza Vaez-Mahdavi; Tooba Ghazanfari
Abstract
Background and objective:Many biochemical features of sulfur mustard (SM) intoxication remained unknown. So far, the direct association between biochemical parameter changes and ocular problems in patients exposed to SM is not evaluated.The current study aimed at evaluating the associations between the ...
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Background and objective:Many biochemical features of sulfur mustard (SM) intoxication remained unknown. So far, the direct association between biochemical parameter changes and ocular problems in patients exposed to SM is not evaluated.The current study aimed at evaluating the associations between the ocular findings in patients with SM intoxication and the changes of serum and blood biochemical parameters. Methods:In the current study, 372 patients exposed to SM and 128 matched controls were compared concerning the association between their ocular problems and biochemical parameters. Ocular problems include photophobia, ocular surface discomfort (OSD), etc. Biochemical parameters include uric acid, creatinine (Cr), hematocrit (HCT), total, direct and indirect bilirubin, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), calcium (Ca), fasting blood sugar (FBS), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), etc. Results:The SM-exposed group with photophobia, OSD, tearing, blurred vision, abnormal tear status, and slit-lamp findings had significantly higher mean serum and blood levels of uric acid, Cr, HCT, and total and indirect bilirubin than the controls. The SM-exposed group with photophobia, tearing, ocular pain, blurred vision, bulbar conjunctival and limbal abnormalities had significantly higher mean serum and blood levels of HDL, ALT, Ca, FBS, MCHC, and HDL, indirect and total bilirubin, compared to the control group. Conclusion: The association of photophobia with uric acid, OSD and tearing with Cr, photophobia with HDL, ocular pain with Ca, and blurred vision with FBS may be explained for their known ocular effects in the SM-exposed subjects. SM-induced biochemical changes may intensify the ocular problems induced by the direct effects of SM.
GI, Liver & Pancreas Pathology
Geetha V PATIL Oklay; Akina Prakash; Akshatha C; Ashwini Nargund; Libin Babu Cherian; Balu S; Arun Kumar A R
Abstract
Background & Objective: Hepatoblastoma encompasses 1% of pediatric malignancies and is the most common liver malignancy in children. Ninety percent of cases are under 5 years of age. Clinical and pathological risk stratification forms a crucial role in determining the treatment strategy. This study ...
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Background & Objective: Hepatoblastoma encompasses 1% of pediatric malignancies and is the most common liver malignancy in children. Ninety percent of cases are under 5 years of age. Clinical and pathological risk stratification forms a crucial role in determining the treatment strategy. This study aimed to assess the clinicopathological profile of hepatoblastoma with risk stratification and follow-up in children.Methods: A retrospective evaluation was performed on all pediatric patients recognized with hepatoblastoma between 2016 and 2020 in our institution. Clinical, radiological, biochemical, pathological, and treatment data were analyzed. Cases were stratified based on the SIOPEL protocol and compared with the outcome.Results: The median age of all children was 1 year, the male-to-female ratio was 2.3:1, and elevated α-fetoprotein (AFP) was observed in all cases. SIOPEL risk stratification showed that 50% of children are at high risk. The histopathological types were fetal (30%), embryonal (20%), and macrotrabecular (5%) patterns under epithelial type and mixed epithelial and mesenchymal type (45%) with 1 case showing teratoid features. During the follow-up period, of the 7 children who died, 6 belonged to the high-risk SIOPEL category, and 5 had a mixed epithelial and mesenchymal pattern.Conclusion: Our study found a significant correlation between clinicopathological data, histopathological patterns, and outcomes. Accordingly, histopathological patterns could be considered one of the criteria for risk stratification. Histopathological risk stratification indicators (such as SIOPEL and PRETEXT) have strong prognostic and predictive outcomes; hence, our study emphasizes such parameters to aid oncologists.
Alireza Monsef; Fatemeh Eghbalian
Volume 1, Issue 4 , September 2006, , Pages 169-172
Abstract
Background and Objective: Rosacea is a common and ill-defined disease and Demodex folliculorum has been reported in rosacea in a number of clinical studies. Since demodex mite is present in many healthy individuals, the mite may have a pathogenic role only when it is present in high densities. Therefore, ...
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Background and Objective: Rosacea is a common and ill-defined disease and Demodex folliculorum has been reported in rosacea in a number of clinical studies. Since demodex mite is present in many healthy individuals, the mite may have a pathogenic role only when it is present in high densities. Therefore, in this study, the possible role of demodex folliculorum and the importance of mite density were investigated using an elliptical incisional skin biopsy technique. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine patients with rocacea, twenty-five females, 14 males, and 41 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals as control were included in the study. With the incisional skin biopsy of face, we studied six sections of each sample. We also studied the number of follicles, mite density, epidermal changes, solar elastosis, inflammatory cells in the dermis and their pattern, granuloma formation, and vascular changes. Results: Varying degree of vasodilatation, solar elastosis, and inflammatory infiltrate were found in all patients. The infiltrate was lympho-histiocytic in 29 cases, lympho-plasmacytic in 6 cases, neutrophilic, especially around hair follicles in 2 cases, and eosinophilic infiltration mixed with mononuclear cells in 2 cases. The number of D. folliculorum was statistically significant. There was also a significant difference between males and females regarding the number of mite in rosacea in relation to age (p = 0.047). There was also granuloma around appendages in 3 cases and granuloma around hair follicle in 2 cases. One case in the latter group had degenerated demodex cuticle. Conclusion: Rosacea is a multifactorial disease and high densities of demodex are important in the form of hypersensitivity reaction to antigens or granuloma formation in response to its cuticle or destructed hair follicles. The individual properties may modify the severity of inflammatory response to demodex.
Alireza Abdollahi; Sanam Mahmoudzadeh
Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2012, , Pages 177-182
Abstract
Background and Aims:Nosocomial infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality and pose high financial burden on healthcare systems. Although surface contact, surgical incisions, wounds and catheters are responsible for a high percentage of nosocomial infections, bacterial and fungal ...
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Background and Aims:Nosocomial infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality and pose high financial burden on healthcare systems. Although surface contact, surgical incisions, wounds and catheters are responsible for a high percentage of nosocomial infections, bacterial and fungal air contaminations in hospitals have an important role in development of hospital infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the microbial profile of air contamination in some hospital wards. Furthermore, we compared the results with cultures obtained from hospitalized patients. Materials and Methods:We performed a cross-sectional analysis at Imam Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Active (Quick Take 30 pump) and passive air samplings were performed in different wards of the hospital. Air samples were cultured to detect fungi and microorganisms. The results were compared with cultures obtained from hospitalized patients at the same time. Air microbial profiles of various wards were also compared. Results: The microbial profile of air samples showed that Micrococcus was the most common bacteria. Cladosporium was the most frequent fungi found while Aspergillus niger and Alternaria were the least frequent ones. Conclusion:In some wards, the results of blood cultures were similar to microbial profile of air samples. Thus, utilizing air purification systems and air sterilization is recommended. Our findings emphasized the role of regular monitoring of the biological risk for both patient and health care workers. The results would be useful in planning for employing appropriate strategies to reduce air burden in this hospital and other hospitals with similar conditions.
Pezhman Fard-Esfahani; Peyman Mohammadi-Torbati
Volume 4, Issue 4 , September 2009, , Pages 177-181
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Making stacking gels for polyacrylamide gels in the laboratory by conventional methods is laborious and time consuming. Considering the role of temperature in polyacrylamide gels with respect to electrical resistance and viscosity, we assumed that decreasing the temperature ...
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Background and Objectives: Making stacking gels for polyacrylamide gels in the laboratory by conventional methods is laborious and time consuming. Considering the role of temperature in polyacrylamide gels with respect to electrical resistance and viscosity, we assumed that decreasing the temperature would cause an increase in electrical resistance and viscosity. Ultimately, a downward temperature gradient imposed in the first phase of polyacrylamide gel running time would supposedly improve the migration of macromolecules. This project analyzed the effect of temperature gradient on the migration of macromolecules in the continuous gels (without stacking) and compared it with results obtained using stacking gels. Material and Methods: Electrical resistance was calculated using Ohm's law. Subsequently, to examine the effect of temperature change on macromolecules separation, conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) was used as a model and specimens were run under three different conditions, one of which was prepared with a stacking gel. Results: The electrical resistance showed an inverse relationship with temperature in this study. Separation of the DNA molecules in the continuous gels (with no stacking) was comparable with the conventional method (with stacking). Conclusion: Using a temperature gradient against time may be an alternative method for stacking gels.
Hadiseh Zakeridana; Ali Naderi; Ahmad Ahangaran; Shahriar Dabiri
Volume 8, Issue 3 , July 2013, , Pages 178-183
Abstract
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is an uncommon benign neoplasm and its presentation in small bowel is rare. Due to clinical manifestation, laboratory data and radiologic results, there is an increased risk of over diagnosis as malignant tumors particularly malignant lymphoma in childhood therefore ...
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Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is an uncommon benign neoplasm and its presentation in small bowel is rare. Due to clinical manifestation, laboratory data and radiologic results, there is an increased risk of over diagnosis as malignant tumors particularly malignant lymphoma in childhood therefore may be resulting in wrong therapeutic approach. However pathologic findings could be demonstrated definite diagnosis based on markedly proliferation of bland looking spindle cells which their presence can be confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining to show myofibroblastic differentiation. We describe here an unusual presentation of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the terminal ileum in a 19-month-old girl who presented with anemia, eosinophilia, intestinal obstruction, focal ossification and dystrophic calcification within the tumor.
Abolfazl Khoshdel; Mahdi Mahmoudzadeh; Soleiman Kheiri; Reza Imani; Ghorbanali Shahabi; Ebrahim Saedi; Elham Taheri
Volume 3, Issue 4 , September 2008, , Pages 203-207
Abstract
Background and Objective: According to the fact that neonatal infection is a challenging diagnosis field, several studies have tried to test sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests. This study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin (PCT) as a single ...
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Background and Objective: According to the fact that neonatal infection is a challenging diagnosis field, several studies have tried to test sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests. This study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin (PCT) as a single early marker of neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: In this study, 150 neonates admitted to NICU and neonatal ward in Shahrekord Hajar hospital were enrolled. A full workup including blood cultureand other tests and PCT was conductede. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for PCT was determined. Results: It was found out that 8 patients had definite infection, 15 patients had possible infection, and 127 patients had no infection. Although PCT was not able to significantly differentiate between those with definite and possible infections (p>0.05), but there was a significant difference for frequency of abnormal PCT between non-infectious patients and other patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of PCT was 87.5%, 87.4%, 30.4%, 99.1%, and 87.41% respectively. Conclusion: Beside the limitation of the sample size, the satisfactory diagnostic characteristics of PCT highlight it as a good measure for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Further studies are essential to be carried out.
Nishat Afroz; Sufian Zaheer; Nazoora Khan; M Amanullah Khan
Volume 5, Issue 4 , September 2010, , Pages 207-207
Abstract
While carcinoma of breast is common condition, stromal sarcomas are rare tumors of breast, amongst which fibrosarcoma accounts for 16% of cases. Only a few case reports are available in the international literature. We report a case of fibrosarcoma of breast, which presented as an un-encapsulated mass ...
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While carcinoma of breast is common condition, stromal sarcomas are rare tumors of breast, amongst which fibrosarcoma accounts for 16% of cases. Only a few case reports are available in the international literature. We report a case of fibrosarcoma of breast, which presented as an un-encapsulated mass in the right breast of a 60-year-old female. This case was diagnosed after exclusion of all possible differential diagnoses namely metaplastic carcinoma, cystosarcoma phylloides and other sarcomas of breast owing to its different histogenesis and prognostic behavior, in the light of detailed histopathological examination and immunohistochemical profile.
Divya Kota Nagappa; Jayashree Krishnamurthy
Volume 6, Issue 4 , September 2011, , Pages 208-211
Abstract
Extra-skeletal Ewing’s sarcoma is a rare soft tissue malignant neoplasm, morphologically indistinguishable from skeletal Ewing’s sarcoma. The usual sites of involvement are the soft tissues of para-vertebral region, chest wall, and lower extremity. Extra-skeletal Ewing’s sarcoma ...
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Extra-skeletal Ewing’s sarcoma is a rare soft tissue malignant neoplasm, morphologically indistinguishable from skeletal Ewing’s sarcoma. The usual sites of involvement are the soft tissues of para-vertebral region, chest wall, and lower extremity. Extra-skeletal Ewing’s sarcoma is rare in the head and neck region and very few cases are reported in the parotid gland. The cytological features of a case of extra-skeletal Ewing’s sarcoma involving the parotid gland, an extremely uncommon site for occurrence of this tumor, are reported here. The significance of the fine needle aspiration cytology lies in the early diagnosis and hence better prognosis of this lesion.
Akbar Safaei; Seyed Masood Tabib; Mohamad Reza Farzaneh; Jahanbanoo Shahryari; Mohamad Bahmaniar
Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2014, , Pages 213-218
Abstract
Although gastrointestinal involvement by metastatic malignant melanoma is common but primary gastrointestinal (GI) melanoma has been reported in rare cases. In this study we report two cases of primary gastrointestinal malignant melanoma that one of them is a known case of neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1). ...
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Although gastrointestinal involvement by metastatic malignant melanoma is common but primary gastrointestinal (GI) melanoma has been reported in rare cases. In this study we report two cases of primary gastrointestinal malignant melanoma that one of them is a known case of neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1). Both cases showed no evidence of any lesions in skin and eye. Malignant melanoma of GI tract in patient with neurofibroma is reported with hypothesis of a possible relation between two pathologies. Both primary GI melanoma and combination of NF1 with primary GI melanoma are rare entities discussed in this article.
Sepideh Siadati; Majid Sharbatdaran; Novin Nikbakhsh; Naser Ghaemian
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the world. The aim of this study was to assess estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2/neu of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) with tumor size, histologic grade, lymph node metastasis and age. ...
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Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the world. The aim of this study was to assess estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2/neu of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) with tumor size, histologic grade, lymph node metastasis and age. Methods: This study was carried out on 300 tissue blocks ofpatients with IDC who underwent mastectomy from 2007 to 2011 in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Data including age, tumor size, and histologic grade and lymph node status retrieved from pathology department. Result: Themean age of the patients was 40.2±2.3 (ranged 19-82 years). ER and PR were positively correlated with each other (P= 0.001) and they inversely correlated with HER-2/neu (P=0.001). We observed correlation between ER and PR expression and low histologic grade (P= 0.001) and HER-2/neu expression and high histologic grade (P= 0.003). There was correlation between HER-2/neu expression and lymph node involvement (P=0.03). None of these makers showed correlation with age and tumor size (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate the importance of ER, PR and HER-2/neu expression as prognostic factors for therapeutic decision. How to cite this article: Siadati S, Sharbatdaran M, Nikbakhsh N, Ghaemian N. Correlation of ER, PR and HER-2/Neu with other Prognostic Factors in Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of Breast. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):221-6.
Zeeba Jairajpuri; Rekha Ghai; Sumita Saluja; Sujala Kapur; K.T Bhowmick
Abstract
Background & objective: The current study aimed to perform an immunohistochemical analysis of patterns of apoptotic and cell proliferative related protein expression in different histological grades and immune phenotypes of malignant lymphomas and other lymphoproliferative disorders Methods:This ...
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Background & objective: The current study aimed to perform an immunohistochemical analysis of patterns of apoptotic and cell proliferative related protein expression in different histological grades and immune phenotypes of malignant lymphomas and other lymphoproliferative disorders Methods:This observational study was carried on 60lymph node biopsies of lymphoproliferative disorders. The biopsies were analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically. Results:A total of 60 lymph node biopsies were included in the study, of which 81.6% were of malignant lympho-proliferative lesions. The majority of the biopsies were B-cell (66%) and were grouped in the intermediate grade. Bax and BCL-2 protein expression was presented by percentage of immune positive neoplastic cells per 10fields and graded on a scale of 1 to4. A Bcl-2, Bax Protein Ratio (BBPR) was determined for each case by dividing the estimated Bcl-2 protein (percentage of Bcl-2 positive cells x Bcl-2 staining intensity) by the estimated Bax protein (percentage of Bax positive cells x Bax immunostaining intensity). The mean BBPR was found to be significantly higher in indolent lymphomas (2.64 ± 1.3) as compared to aggressive lymphomas (0.47 ± 0.9) (P<0.01). The expression of P53 and PCNA in 35 biopsies of Non Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHL) was found to increase from low to high grade tumors. Conclusions: A significant correlation was found between BBPR and predicted biological behavior of indolent and aggressive lymphomas. This indicates the important role of Bcl-2 and Bax in biological behavior of lymphomas. Furthermore, P53 and PCNA expression were found to increase from low to high-grade tumors suggesting their prognostic value in NHL.
Breast Pathology
Amir Hosein Jafarian; Melika Kooshkiforooshani; Abdolshakor Rasoliostadi; Nema Mohamadian Roshan
Abstract
Background & Objective: In vascular (vasculogenic) mimicry (VM), tumoral cells mimic the endothelial cells and form the extracellular matrix-rich tubular networks. It has been proposed that VM is more extensive in aggressive tumors. This study was designed to investigate the rate of VM expression ...
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Background & Objective: In vascular (vasculogenic) mimicry (VM), tumoral cells mimic the endothelial cells and form the extracellular matrix-rich tubular networks. It has been proposed that VM is more extensive in aggressive tumors. This study was designed to investigate the rate of VM expression in the stromal cells of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and to find its relationship with other clinicopathological factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 patients with histopathologic diagnosis of IDC who received mastectomy were included. The VM expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The clinicopathologic data including age, tumor size, histological grade, clinical stage, axillary lymph node metastasis, hormonal receptors, and survival were documented. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 51 (±13.83) years old. The stromal VM expression was detected in 16 of 120 patients (13.3%). Twelve specimens (75%) of positive VM expression group had grade 3 which was higher than negative VM expression group (9 cases, 8.65%; P<0.001). The VM expression showed statistically significant relationship with higher histologic grade higher clinical stage (stage 3) of the tumor (62.5% vs. 87%; P=0.003), the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis (95.6% vs. 55.8%; P<0.001), and positive HER-2 (100% vs. 31.1%; P<0.001); but not estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR). However, age, tumor size and mortality rate were not significantly different among the patients with and without VM expression. Conclusion: The stromal VM expression showed significant relationship with higher stage and grade of the tumor and the presence of nodal metastasis. The VM expression in IDC can be used as a marker for tumor aggressiveness.
Microbiology
Faramarz Masjedian Jazi; Gholamreza Irajian; Reza Mirnejad; Vahhab Piranfar; Taghi zahraei salehi; Noor Amir Mozafari; Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-rad; Mahmoud Khormali
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2016, , Pages 238-247
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is an endemic zoonotic disease in the Middle East. This study intended to design a uniplex PCR assay for the detection and differentiation of Brucella at the species level and determining the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Brucella in Iran. Methods: Sixty-eight Brucella ...
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Background: Brucellosis is an endemic zoonotic disease in the Middle East. This study intended to design a uniplex PCR assay for the detection and differentiation of Brucella at the species level and determining the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Brucella in Iran. Methods: Sixty-eight Brucella specimens (38 animal and 30 human specimens) were analyzed using PCR (using one pair of primers). Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were evaluated and compared using the E-Test and disk diffusion susceptibility test. Tigecycline susceptibility pattern was compared with other antibiotics. Results: Thirty six isolates of B. melitensis, 2 isolates of B. abortus and 1 isolate of B. suis from the 38 animal specimens, 24 isolates of B. melitensis and 6 isolates of B. abortus from the 30 human specimens were differentiated. The MIC50 values of doxycycline for human and animal specimens were 125 and 10 μg/ml, respectively, tigecycline 0.064 μg/ml for human specimens and 0.125μg/ml for animal specimens, and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin 0.065 and 0.125μg/ml, respectively, for both human and animal specimens. The highest MIC50 value of streptomycin in the human specimens was 0.5μg/ml and 1μg/ml for the animal specimens. The greatest resistance shown was to tetracycline and gentamicin, respectively. Conclusion: Uniplex PCR for the detection and differentiation of Brucella at the strain level is faster and less expensive than multiplex PCR, and the antibiotics doxycycline, rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin are the most effective antibiotics for treating brucellosis. Resistance to tigecycline is increasing, and we recommend that it be used in a combination regimen.
Shokouh aghipour zahir; Kiyanoosh Sedaghat; Saeed Kargar
Volume 7, Issue 4 , September 2012, , Pages 246-250
Abstract
Endometrial adenocarcinoma is uncommon in fewer than 40-year-old people. The first common sign and symptoms are abnormal vaginal bleeding and discharge. Metastasis is occurred in the late stage. Here we present a 31-year-old nullipar woman who was admitted to surgical ward with enlarged right inguinal ...
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Endometrial adenocarcinoma is uncommon in fewer than 40-year-old people. The first common sign and symptoms are abnormal vaginal bleeding and discharge. Metastasis is occurred in the late stage. Here we present a 31-year-old nullipar woman who was admitted to surgical ward with enlarged right inguinal lymphnode from one month ago. She had no history of previous malignancy, infectious condition, vaginal bleeding, and discharge. Abdominal sonography revealed no abnormality. She underwent surgical biopsy and metastatic adenocarcinoma most suspected from genital tract was reported. Based on pathological recommendation diagnostic curettage was performed and endometrial adenocarcinoma of conventional type as a first origin was confirmed. To our knowledge metastasis to inguinal lymph node as a first manifestation of endometrial carcinoma is rare.
Shahriar Dabiri; Hadiseh Zakeridana; Manzoumeh Shamsi Meymandi; Abbass Etminan; Jalal Azmandian; Simindokhet Habibzadeh; Farzaneh Khazanfari; Saeideh Parvaresh
Volume 8, Issue 4 , October 2013, , Pages 255-262
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Chronicity of lupus nephritis (LN) should be considered for interaction of cell mediated immunity (CMI) and dendritic cells in glomeruli and tubulointerstitial areas. In this study establishment of immunohistopathological changes of dendritic cells and other immune effector ...
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Background & Objectives: Chronicity of lupus nephritis (LN) should be considered for interaction of cell mediated immunity (CMI) and dendritic cells in glomeruli and tubulointerstitial areas. In this study establishment of immunohistopathological changes of dendritic cells and other immune effector cells in lupus nephritis comparing with non-lupus nephritis was performed.
Materials & Methods: Renal needle biopsies of 35 cases of lupus nephritis and 35 cases of other causes of persistent proteinuria were compared for immunohistochemistry for plasmacytoid (CD123), myeloid (CD11c) dendritic cells, macrophages (CD68) and lymphocytes (CD4) markers. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Spearman and Pearson correlation or ANOVA and t- student test (P < 0.05).
Results:Significant difference of glomerular and interstitial spaces for presence of myeloid-plasmacytoid dendritic cells and lymphocytes except macrophages between lupus nephritis and other causes of persistent proteinuria have found (P<0.001). Positive significant correlations were observed between glomerular presentation of myeloid dendritic cells and chronicity index but not with other markers in lupus nephritis (P <0.001). Statistically significant changes between presence of all markers and activity index were not observed (P >0.05).
Conclusions: The myeloid dendritic cells might have synergistic role with other immune cells in pathogenesis and progression or chronicity of lupus nephritis.
Leena Jayabackthan; Jayaprakash Chandrashekar; Nisha Jayashankar Marla; Muktha Ramesh Pai
Volume 9, Issue 4 , October 2014, , Pages 273-276
Abstract
Myeloid Sarcoma (MS) is a tumor mass consisting of myeloblast with or without maturation occurring at an anatomical site other than the bone marrow. Incidence of MS ranges from 1-9% and is most commonly misdiagnosed as Non Hodgkins Lymphoma or poorly differentiated carcinoma. MS can occur in various ...
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Myeloid Sarcoma (MS) is a tumor mass consisting of myeloblast with or without maturation occurring at an anatomical site other than the bone marrow. Incidence of MS ranges from 1-9% and is most commonly misdiagnosed as Non Hodgkins Lymphoma or poorly differentiated carcinoma. MS can occur in various sites but nasal cavity involvement is rare. Here we report acaseof MS presenting as nasal polyp since 2 weeks in a 30 year old male patient who presented to Otolaryngology department of Father Muller Medical College Hospital, India in 2012. Patient was eventually found to have Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). This case highlights the importance of hematological and histological correlation coupled with Immunohistochemistry which is mandatory for the accurate diagnosis of this rare entity.
