Mohamad Hosein Aarabi; Shokofeh Alvani; Hassan Ehteram
Volume 5, Issue 4 , September 2010, , Pages 199-203
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori cause a chronic gastric infection, and may cause extra gastrointestinal disease. The association between H. pylori infection and serum lipid profiles is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate any possible relationship ...
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Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori cause a chronic gastric infection, and may cause extra gastrointestinal disease. The association between H. pylori infection and serum lipid profiles is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate any possible relationship between H. pylori infection and lipid levels.
Materials and Methods: The subjects were 400 volunteer referring to medical centers of Kashan, Iran between December 2005 and March 2006. Helicobacter pylori infection status was determined by assaying serum anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibody. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations were measured by routine enzymatic methods. The data for H. pylori-seropositive and –seronegative individuals were compared.
Results: Three hundred nineteen subjects (79.8 percent) were H. pylori-seropositive. The serum triglyceride concentration and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio were significantly higher in H. pylori-seropositive than H. pylori–seronegative individuals (162.03 vs. 143.88 mg/dl, P<0.05 and 4.27 versus 3.91, P<0.05 respectively).
Conclusion: The findings confirm the existence of a moderate association between H. pylori infection and lipid modulation. It is also possible that H. pylori infection promotes atherosclerosis by acting through changes in lipid profile.
Reza Shahsiah; Maryam Monajemzadeh; Hasan Hoseinzadeh; Mohammad Taghi Haghi ashtiani; Sedigheh Hantooshzadeh; Alireza Alaei Alamooti; Fatemeh Mahjoub
Volume 6, Issue 4 , September 2011, , Pages 202-207
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Infection with parvovirus may induce spontaneous abortion, non-immune hydrops fetalis, and intrauterine death in full term infants. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of parvovirus B19 in paraffin-embedded formalin fixed placental tissues in lost fetuses ...
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Background and Objectives: Infection with parvovirus may induce spontaneous abortion, non-immune hydrops fetalis, and intrauterine death in full term infants. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of parvovirus B19 in paraffin-embedded formalin fixed placental tissues in lost fetuses by PCR method and comparison with its frequency in healthy full term neonates as controls.
Materials and Methods: In a case control study, thirty-one formalin fixed paraffin embedded placental tissue from autopsies related to fetal losses and also the same number of control cases were collected and The PCR for internal control and target sequence were performed.
Results: Thirty-one subjects and 31 controls were enrolled and three out of 31 cases were positive for parvovirus (9.7%) using PCR. Hydropic changes were noted in two of positive cases for parvovirus.
Conclusion: Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy may cause red precursor cells damage resulting in anemia and congestive heart failure. We suggest that studies with greater sample sizes are carried out to determine the frequency and management of parvovirus B19 infection because of timely diagnosis and transfusion of severe hydropic fetuses can reduce the risk of fetal death
Sedigheh Khazaei; Babak Izadi; Zhaleh Zandieh; Azadeh Alvandimanesh; Siavash Vaziri
Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2014, , Pages 206-212
Abstract
Background and Objective: Tuberculosis is still a major health problem, involving about 1/3 of the world´s population. Diagnosis is difficult when we only use Ziehl-Neelson staining. Many cases may be missed. A more rapid and sensitive diagnostic method is necessary. PCR may be helpful. The aim ...
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Background and Objective: Tuberculosis is still a major health problem, involving about 1/3 of the world´s population. Diagnosis is difficult when we only use Ziehl-Neelson staining. Many cases may be missed. A more rapid and sensitive diagnostic method is necessary. PCR may be helpful. The aim of this study was to compare PCR, Zieh-Neelsen staining and histopathologic findings in diagnosis of tuberculosis on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Methods: Paraffin blocks of the submitted specimens of the patients clinically suspicious for tuberculosis or containing granuloma were selected. Ziehl-Neelsen Staining & TB-PCR (IS6110 element) was carried out. The results of the tests were compared by using the McNemar test. Statistical significance was accepted when the P value was less than 0.05. Results: Forty five specimens were included in the study, 35 had granulomas (19 with caseous necrosis). Acid-fast bacilli were identified in 17 specimens (37.8%). TB-PCR was positive in 16specimens (84%) with caseating granulomatous, 11 specimens (68.8%) with non-caseating granulomas & 6 specimens (60%) without granulomas. (P value = 0.59). Conclusions: TB-PCR on paraffin–embedded tissue is a potentially useful approach for early, rapid and sensitive diagnosis of tuberculosis. It is especially useful when granuloma is seen in tissue section, while acid-fast stain is negative. If there was no facilities for PCR, histopathological diagnosis with clinical correlation are more reliable in comparison to AFB results.
Noushin Jalayer Naderi; Hassan Semyari; Zahra Elahinia
Abstract
Background and Objective: Smoking can be associated with the decreasing gingival blood flow and epithelial changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes of gingival epithelium and connective tissue in smokers. Methods: The study was case-control. Sixty male patients (28 ...
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Background and Objective: Smoking can be associated with the decreasing gingival blood flow and epithelial changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes of gingival epithelium and connective tissue in smokers. Methods: The study was case-control. Sixty male patients (28 smokers and 32 nonsmokers) suffering chronic periodontitis were participated in the study. Periodontal parameters consisting the gingival (GI) and periodontal (PI) indexes were registered. Tissue samples were taken during flap surgery. The hemotoxylin and eosin stained slides were assessed for blood vessel density, inflammatory cells infiltration and epithelial changes. The histopathological findings were compared between smokers and nonsmokers. Data analyzed using t-test and chi-square tests. Results: Smokers had lower GI (1.35 ± 0.48) and higher PI (2.87±0.68) than nonsmokers (2.72 ±0.31 and 1.87±0.25, respectively). The mean count of blood vessels with ≤ 0.5µ diameter was 18.78±10.06 and 5.90±2.93 in smokers, nonsmokers, respectively. The mean inflammatory cells infiltration in smokers, and nonsmokers were 0.89±1.03 and 70±0.46 that showed significant difference between two groups (P= 0.001, SD=1.21). The difference of epithelial hyperkeratosis, atrophy and acanthosis was not different in smokers and nonsmokers. Loss of normal epithelium pattern comprising of bulbous rete ridges, loss of polarity and increased parabasal cells was seen in 23(82.14%) of smokers and 2(6.25%) of nonsmokers. Conclusion: Despite the normal appearance of gingiva in smokers, smoking increasing the epithelial changes resemble to early phases of dysplasia and decreasing inflammatory reaction. How to cite this article: Jalayer Naderi N, Semyari H, Elahinia Z. The Impact of Smoking on Gingiva: a Histopathological Study. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):214-20.
Breast Pathology
Alireza Abdollahi; Sepideh Jahanian; Nima Hemmati; Hadiseh Mohammadpour
Abstract
Background & Objective: Recent studies from gene profiling have revealed some genes that are overexpressed in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and are responsible for its initiation and activation resulting in tumor progression and metastasis. The present study aimed to assess ...
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Background & Objective: Recent studies from gene profiling have revealed some genes that are overexpressed in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and are responsible for its initiation and activation resulting in tumor progression and metastasis. The present study aimed to assess the role of genes involved in the EMT process and the association of these genes with axillary lymph node and vascular invasion in breast cancer (BC) patients. Methods: In this case-control study, the tumor samples were initially extracted from 33 BC patients. The samples of 15 BC tissues without vascular and axillary invasion were also prepared from the biobank as a control group. RNAs from both tumor and control samples were extracted and stabilized. For assessing overexpression in tumor tissues of selected 18 genes, the real time technique was employed. Results: There was a significant increase in MMP-2 gene fold expression in tumor cells with vascular invasion regardless of axillary involvement compared to the control group (P=0.0008) and also in the comparison of the control group with those with vascular invasion and not axillary lymph node involvement (P=0.003). In addition, gene fold expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) was decreased in axillary involving tumor cells compared to control group (P=0.045), and also in comparison with all samples that did not present any axillary lymph node involvements including the control group and the group with isolated vascular invasion (P=0.012). Conclusion: Overexpression of MMP-2 and under-expression of TIMP-1 were associated with more invasive behavior in breast tumor cells.
Oral Pathology
Fatemeh Mashhadiabbas; Masoume Fayazi-Boroujeni
Abstract
Background & objective: Changes in submucosal vascularization and inflammation, determined by immunohistochemistry staining, were shown to be correlated with the development of dysplasia and invasiveness of epithelial cells in premalignant and malignant lesions. This study evaluated changes in sections ...
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Background & objective: Changes in submucosal vascularization and inflammation, determined by immunohistochemistry staining, were shown to be correlated with the development of dysplasia and invasiveness of epithelial cells in premalignant and malignant lesions. This study evaluated changes in sections routinely stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) in order to investigate vascular density and intensity of inflammatory cells infiltration during the progression of oral leukoplakia with mild dysplasia to Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC).The aim of the research was to determine whether changes in sub-mucosal vascularity and inflammatory infiltration of leukoplakia in routine H&E-stained sections could contribute to the assessment of severity of the lesion. Methods: In this cross-sectional, comparative and descriptive study, vascular density and inflammation intensity of 125 available samples of H&E-stained sections, consisting of 35 cases of mild and moderate dysplasia, 38 severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, and 52 SCC, were investigated. To analyze the data, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Tukey’s post hoc test, and cumulative ordinal logistic regression were conducted. Results: There was a significantly higher vascular density in cases with severe dysplasia, in situ carcinoma, and SCC compared to those with mild to moderate dysplasia (P<0.0001). However, the difference in vascularity was not statically significant between severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and SCC (P=0.78). Intensity of inflammatory cells infiltration in the underlying connective tissue was significantly different among the three groups (P<0.0001), and the highest intensity of inflammatory cells infiltration was seen in the SCC group. Conclusions: Increased submucosal vascularization and inflammatory cells infiltration can contribute further to predicting more aggressive epithelial dysplasia.
Alireza Azizzadeh Delshad; Mohammadreza Jalali Nadoushan; Ali Davati; Aida Rostami
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2016, , Pages 231-237
Abstract
Background: Nasal inflammatory disorders such as chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyp are among the most prevalent complications with high socioeconomic costs. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) plays a key role in angiogenesis and cell proliferation. In the present study the effect of VEGF ...
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Background: Nasal inflammatory disorders such as chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyp are among the most prevalent complications with high socioeconomic costs. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) plays a key role in angiogenesis and cell proliferation. In the present study the effect of VEGF on the development and prognosis of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyp was investigated. Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on the nasal histological specimens of two groups of patients suffering from nasal polyp or chronic rhinosinusitis, and the expression of VEGF in the two groups was compared immunohistochemically. Based on the percentage of VEGF-positive cells the specimens were classified into four scores. Furthermore, the relations between the VEGF expression and some demographic characteristics were evaluated. Results: The VEGF immunohistochemistry findings indicated a significantly higher expression of VEGF in nasal polyp group compared to chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyp group. In terms of VEGF-expression scoring, in both groups most of the specimens were classified as score-2, namely indicating 10-50% of VEGF-positive epithelial cells. In both groups no significant relation between VEGF expression and age or sex of the patients could be seen. Conclusion: Local modulation of VEGF expression might be taken as a putative therapeutic strategy in management of sinunasal inflammatory disorders, especially nasal polyps.
Maryam Amini; Ali Davati; Mahdieh Golestanifard
Volume 7, Issue 4 , September 2012, , Pages 241-245
Abstract
Background and Objective:Acinetobacter spp.a Gram-negative coccobacillus is increasingly reported as important cause of nosocomial infections. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) ofAcinetobacterspp., raises concerns over our ability to treat serious infections with these organisms. The aim of this study was ...
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Background and Objective:Acinetobacter spp.a Gram-negative coccobacillus is increasingly reported as important cause of nosocomial infections. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) ofAcinetobacterspp., raises concerns over our ability to treat serious infections with these organisms. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and associated risk factors for infections with MDR Acinetobacter spp. in ICU patients ofShahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Patients and Methods:This descriptive-analytical andcross-sectional study was designed in 3 years period from April 2008 to March 2010 on 130 patients. For bacteriological analysis, sputum, blood, urine and wound specimens were used from patients within >48 hr after admission. Patient’s clinical and epidemiologic data were collected, from recordedfile, and correlated to Acinetobacter spp. infection. The data were analyzed using SPSS16 statistical software,chi-square, and Mann-Whitney test.
Results: The frequency of Acinetobacterspp. infection separately by years was 21.5%, 30.8% and 47.7% in 2008, 2009, 2010, respectively. All isolateswere resistant to carbnicillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime and cephalotin, 99.2% to ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol, 97.7% to imipenem, 95.4% to tetracycline and 91.5% to gentamicin. The highest sensitivity was to amikacin 14.6%.
Conclusion:Nosocomialinfections with Acinetobacter spp. during the three years, was a growing trend, and all isolates were MDR and highest susceptibility was to Amikacin. Most important risk factors wereincorrect diagnosis, inappropriate usage, doses, andtime of antibiotic therapy, inappropriate formulation of some antibiotics.
Shahriar Dabiri; Hassan Manafi Anari; Simin Shamsi Meymandi; Reza Fotouhi Ardakani; Sahar Amirpour Rostami; Manzumeh Shamsi Meymandi; Perikala Vijayananda Kumar
Volume 8, Issue 4 , October 2013, , Pages 247-254
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Kerman Province, especially city of Bam in the southeast part of Iran, is epidemics for dry type cutaneous leishmaniasis (DTCL). This study was conducted to compare the effect of different treatments on parasite DNA load following therapies using Real-Time PCR method.
Materials ...
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Background and Objectives: Kerman Province, especially city of Bam in the southeast part of Iran, is epidemics for dry type cutaneous leishmaniasis (DTCL). This study was conducted to compare the effect of different treatments on parasite DNA load following therapies using Real-Time PCR method.
Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients were divided into three groups under therapy with intralesional meglumine antimoniate, topical imiquimod and combination of both drugs. After obtaining consent from patients, punch biopsies were taken before and after treatment .To compare the amount of DNA load a relative quantitative Real-Time PCR method was designed and set up using Leishmania tropica ITS (internal transcribed spacer) gene. After doing PCR, the obtained results were analyzed using 2^-ΔΔCT method and relativity of DNA load before and after treatment were calculated.
Results: The highest falling of DNA load was for imiquimod (mean 4/7 cases), glucantime (mean 2/2 cases) and combination therapy (mean 2/4). From clinical point of view combination therapy had the best response. On the other hand, the overall IHC findings showed good response based on decreased CD1a epidermal, increased CD1a dermal, decreased CD68 macrophages and increased CD3 and CD20 of dermis.
Conclusion: We set up a new method to compare Leishmania DNA load using the stable human gene of beta actin for normalization. We concluded that imiquimod was immune modulator and had synergistic effects on the best parasitocidal drug of glucantime for better response.
Ehsan Malekianzadeh; Sedigheh Khazaei; Babak Izadi; Mahtab Rahbar
Volume 9, Issue 4 , October 2014, , Pages 268-272
Abstract
Although breast tuberculosis still remains rare, but in endemic countries should be in differential diagnosis of breast cancer and abscess. Imaging modalities cannot distinguish between cancer and tuberculosis. Acid fast bacilli stain; culture and PCR are helpful diagnostic methods but unfortunately ...
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Although breast tuberculosis still remains rare, but in endemic countries should be in differential diagnosis of breast cancer and abscess. Imaging modalities cannot distinguish between cancer and tuberculosis. Acid fast bacilli stain; culture and PCR are helpful diagnostic methods but unfortunately are not very sensitive. Negative results do not rule out this diagnosis, so it seems definite diagnosis can be made by open biopsy and histologic evidence (granuloma tissues). In this case, a 33 years old woman was referred to the Infectious Ward in Imam Reza Hospital, Medical University of Kermanshah, western Iran in 2011; complaining of one lump in her left breast which did not response to usual therapy (painkillers and antibiotics). Fine needle aspiration for histologic and cytologic evaluations were negative but open biopsy showed granulomatous tissues, anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy was begun and response was significant then PCR was reported positive. We think in endemic area, empirical treatment can be started based on histological evidence and proper clinical manifestation.
Infectious Diseases
saman karami; Marziyeh Mojbafan; Ramin Mazaheri Nezhad Fard
Abstract
Background & Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulting in a worldwide pandemic. The first case of COVID‐19 was reported from Wuhan in the Hubei Province of China in December 2019; however, the disease's ...
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Background & Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulting in a worldwide pandemic. The first case of COVID‐19 was reported from Wuhan in the Hubei Province of China in December 2019; however, the disease's origin is still mysterious. Whole-genome sequence analysis is essential for monitoring the spread of infectious diseases as well as studying the pathogenesis and evolution of viruses. In this study, analysis of 198 fully sequenced genomes from Iran and West Asia was carried out to study mutations, phylogeny, amino acid changes, clades, and lineages of these genomes as well as comparison of these sequences with those of reference Wuhan genome of NC_045512.2.Methods: In total, 198 completely sequenced genome data from Iran and West Asia were collected from GenBank. Mutation detection was carried out using a trial version of CLC Genomics Workbench v.21.0 (QIAGEN, Germany). Online tools such as GISAID Mutations App and Pangolin were used for further analysis of the results.Results: In this study, several unique mutation sites were identified in the Iranian genomes (n = 8); positions 1397 G>A and 29742 G>T were the most frequent changes in more than 85% of the Iranian genomes. Mutation rate, mutation per sequence, and transition versus transversion for the Iranian genomes included 4.73, 14.14, and 1.6, respectively. Generally, C>T alteration was the most common substitution in all the sequences.Conclusion: The ORF1ab, N, and S were the genes with the most changes. The current data can help researchers predict future epidemics and establish better strategies to control viral pandemics.
Microbiology
Massoud Hajia; Ali Akbar Amirzargar; Mina Nazari; Neda Razavi Davodi; Morteza Karami Zarandi
Abstract
Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis with high mortality and morbidity rate in all age group patients specific in adults and children. The incidence and prevalence are not exactly known in Iran. In this study, we tried to evaluate the role of rapid ...
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Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis with high mortality and morbidity rate in all age group patients specific in adults and children. The incidence and prevalence are not exactly known in Iran. In this study, we tried to evaluate the role of rapid diagnosis and to find out the highest risk group patients.
Methods:Totally, 1783-suspected patients with tuberculous meningitis whose CSF specimens were admitted at Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran were enrolled in this study from January 2009 until December 2013.All specimens were checked for MTB by direct examination, culture and PCR tests, andfor the adenosine deaminase (ADA).
Results:Confirmed positive cases were aged from 13 to 82 yr old with mean age 46.63 yr (SD±18.84). The number of diagnosed positive MTB was different by the 3 applied protocol, 64 by PCR, 28 by culture and 33 by direct examination. Considering the result of PCR protocol theTBM was approved in 64 patients with rate of 3.59%. Two patients had other infection as well, one 56 years old with VZV and the other patient who was HIV positive was 27 years old. Increased ADA titer higher than cutoff was relevant with other results of positive samples except in two cases.
Conclusion:Analysis of the results proved adults are more at risk for tuberculous meningitis than children in Iran are. It is also confirmed PCR method provide the most efficient, rapid and reliable results for these patients who are at the critical situations.
Gynecologic Pathology
Mohammad Reza Shokouh; Akbar Safaie; Afagh Moattari; Jamal Sarvari
Abstract
Background & Objective: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers amongst women. The association of Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with ovarian cancer is inconclusive; therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency of HPV and EBV in malignant, ...
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Background & Objective: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers amongst women. The association of Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with ovarian cancer is inconclusive; therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency of HPV and EBV in malignant, borderline, benign and normal ovarian tissues. Methods: In this case-control study, 205 Paraffin-embedded ovarian tissue specimens including 68 malignant, 27 borderline, 65 benign, and 45 normal tissues were included from December 2014 to January 2018 and subjected to DNA extraction. The β-globin gene was amplified using PCR to confirm the quality of the extracted DNA. The genomes of HPV (genotypes 16 and 18) and EBV were identified, using specific primers by PCR. Results: The mean age of participants was 43.42 ± 15.4 years. The frequency of HPV was statistically significant between malignant versus benign (p =0.02) and control groups (p =0.002), but not with borderline tumor group (p =0.78). Amongst HPV infected samples, 1 (4.5%) and 14 (63.6%) samples were infected with types 16 and 18, respectively. Also 4 (18.2 %) samples were infected with both genotypes. Eleven samples including 7(10.3%) malignant, 1 (3.7%) borderline, 3 (4.6%) benign and none (0%) of normal control groups were infected with EBV, which was statistically different between malignant and the normal control group (p =0.03). Conclusion: The results of our study showed the possible role of high risk HPVs as well as EBV in pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, and further studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
Microbiology
Zeynab Mohseni Moghadam; Raheleh Halabian; Hamid Sedighian; Elham Behzadi; Jafar Amani; Abbas ali Imani fooladi
Abstract
Background & Objective: A main contest in chemotherapy is to obtain regulator above the biodistribution of cytotoxic drugs. The utmost promising strategy comprises of drugs coupled with a tumor-targeting bearer that results in wide cytotoxic activity and particular delivery. The B-subunit of Shiga ...
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Background & Objective: A main contest in chemotherapy is to obtain regulator above the biodistribution of cytotoxic drugs. The utmost promising strategy comprises of drugs coupled with a tumor-targeting bearer that results in wide cytotoxic activity and particular delivery. The B-subunit of Shiga toxin (STxB) is nontoxic and possesses low immunogenicity that exactly binds to the globotriaosylceramide (Gb3/CD77). Gb3/CD77 extremely expresses on a number of human tumors such as pancreatic, colon, and breast cancer and acts as a functional receptor for Shiga toxin (STx). Then, this toxin can be applied to target Gb3-positive human tumors. In this study, we evaluated DT390-STXB chimeric protein as a new anti-tumor candidate via genetically fusing the DT390 fragment of DT538 (Native diphtheria toxin) to STxB. Methods: This study intended to investigate the DT390- STxB fusion protein structure in silico. Considering the Escherichia coli codon usage, the genomic construct was designed. The properties and the structure of the protein were determined by an in silico technique. The mRNA structure and the physicochemical characteristics, construction, and the stability of the designed chimeric protein were analyzed using computational and bioinformatics tools and servers. Hence, the GOR4 and I-TASSER online web servers were used to predict the secondary and tertiary structures of the designed protein. Result: The results demonstrated that codon adaptation index (CAI) of dt390-stxB chimeric gene raised from 0.6 in the wild type to 0.9 in the chimeric optimized gene. The mfold data revealed that the dt390-stxB mRNA was completely stable to be translated effectively in the novel host. The normal activity of the fusion protein determined by considering the secondary and tertiary structure of each construct. Energy calculation data indicated that the thermodynamic ensemble for mRNA structure was -427.40 kJ/mol. The stability index (SI) of DT390-STxB was 36.95, which is quite appropriate to preserve the stability of the construct. Ultimately, the DT390-STxB was classified as a steady fusion protein according to the Ramachandran plot. Conclusion: Our results showed that DT390-STXB was a stable chimeric protein and it can be recruited as a candidate of novel anti-tumor agents for the development of breast cancer treatment.
Uropathology
Iraj Khosrovpanah; Sadeq Rostami; Zhoobin Heidari bateni; Mojtaba Teimoori; Darya Khosrovpanah
Volume 13, Issue 3 , July 2018, , Pages 333-339
Abstract
Background and Objective: Prostate cancer is considered as one of the most common malignancies in males. Despite the decreasing trend during the past decade, the incidence continues to rise in adolescents worldwide. Recently, new emerging technologies beside TRUS-guided prostate biopsy were introduced ...
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Background and Objective: Prostate cancer is considered as one of the most common malignancies in males. Despite the decreasing trend during the past decade, the incidence continues to rise in adolescents worldwide. Recently, new emerging technologies beside TRUS-guided prostate biopsy were introduced and showed high potential in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The current study aimed at investigating the role of blood cell count and its prognostic value on pathologic findings.Methods:The current prospective analysis was conducted on patients with abnormality from January 2013 to January 2015. A total of 168 CBC tests including absolute Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were performed on males at the Department of Urology, Razi University Hospital (Guilan, Iran). Of these, all males had both CBCs and free:total (F/T) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ratio.Results: Average age of patients was 63.5±7. It was observed that Neutrophil count and Neutrophil percentage was not significantly different among the groups with different pathologies. In comparison to biopsy findings none of the cell count had suitable specificity and sensitivity. In the multivariate analysis to predict malignancy, only age (B=0.1, S.E=0.04, EXP [B]) =1.1 and sig=0.00) and PSA level (B=0.1, S.E=0.04, EXP [B]) =1.1 and sig=0.00) were significant.Conclusions: In comparison to biopsy findings, none of the cell counts (absolute or percent) had suitable specificity and sensitivity, and the cell count and percentage before biopsy were not different among the groups with different pathologies. Powerful and long-term studies are required to evaluate prognostic values of cell count on adenocarcinoma.
Microbiology
Tahereh Tahmasebi; Rahim Nosrati; Hamed Zare; Horieh Saderi; Reyhaneh Moradi; Parviz Owlia
Volume 11, Issue 4 , October 2016, , Pages 354-362
Abstract
Background: Glutathione (GSH) is a non-protein thiol compound, which plays an important role in the response to oxidative stress and nutritional stress. The aim of this study was to isolate indigenous S. cerevisiae strains capable of effectively produce GSH. Methods: One hundred-twenty sweet fruit samples ...
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Background: Glutathione (GSH) is a non-protein thiol compound, which plays an important role in the response to oxidative stress and nutritional stress. The aim of this study was to isolate indigenous S. cerevisiae strains capable of effectively produce GSH. Methods: One hundred-twenty sweet fruit samples were collected. The strains were isolated on yeast glucose chloramphenicol (YGC) agar medium and identified. The isolates were evaluated for GSH producing on yeast malt (YM) medium. Concentration of glutathione was investigated by recording absorbance of all samples at wavelength 412 nm (Ellman’s method). In addition, optimization of glucose and peptone concentration in culture medium and the effects of various environmental conditions such as temperature (20–35 °C), agitation rate (150–250 rpm), and initial pH (4.0–6.0) were assessed on producing of GSH. Results: From 120 samples, 80 isolates were identified by morphological, biochemical and molecular tests as S. cerevisiae. Five isolates were capable to produce effectively GSH. The optimal culture conditions were agitation rate, 200 rpm; temperature, 30 °C; initial pH, 6; glucose, 30 g/l; and peptone concentration, 5 g/l. In optimal conditions, the amount of derived glutathione was improved compared to YM basal medium and highest GSH concentration (296.8 mg/l) was obtained after cultivation with shaking for 72 h. Conclusion: The possibility of obtaining S. cerevisiae cells with a high GSH intracellular content can be considered an interesting opportunity of furthering the range of application and utilization of this molecule.
Ali Majidpour; Sara Fathi Zadeh; Mastaneh Afshar; Mohammad Rahbar; Mina Boustanshenas; Marjan Heidarzadeh; Leila Arbabi; Somayeh Soleymanzadeh Moghadam
Abstract
Background & Objective: Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), represent serious nosocomial and community infections. Biofilm formation as an important virulence factor may be affected by sub-inhibitory levels of antibiotics. Few studies examined the effects of ...
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Background & Objective: Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), represent serious nosocomial and community infections. Biofilm formation as an important virulence factor may be affected by sub-inhibitory levels of antibiotics. Few studies examined the effects of all therapeutic antimicrobial agents on clinical S.aureus. The current study aimed at observing the inducing and reducing effects of antibiotics, commonly used to treat staphylococcal infections on the production of staphylococcal biofilm. Methods: Four MRSA (1ATCC and 3 clinical) and 1 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strains with biofilm forming ability, evaluated by the Congo red agar (CRA) plate test, were employed. Biofilm formation was measured by crystal violet microtiter plate assay. Cefazolin, rifampicin, vancomycin, oxacillin, clindamycin, cotrimoxazole, minocycline, linezolid, azithromycin, and clarithromycin were added to wells ranging from 0.06to 128 µg/mL (1× to 1/1024 MIC dependent on the MIC value of each strain). Results: The current study showed that azithromycin and vancomycin had a significant inducing effect on biofilm formation. In contrast, linezolid, cefazolin, and clarithromycin, and in the second place, clindamycin and minocycline could inhibit the level of biofilm production in the sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that the biofilm formation as an important virulence factor may be affected by the subinhibitory levels of antibiotics.
Molecular Pathology
Navid Bazzaz; Nazila Nouraee Nouraee; Ali Zare-Mirzaie; Seyed Javad Mowla Mowla; Maryam Shahali; Mohammad Vasei
Volume 13, Issue 4 , October 2018, , Pages 422-428
Abstract
Background and Objective: Wilms’ tumor (WT) is the most common genitourinary tract tumor in children. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs; their role in the pathogenesis of many types of human cancers has been identified. We aimed to evaluate the expression of miR-21, a well-known oncomir, ...
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Background and Objective: Wilms’ tumor (WT) is the most common genitourinary tract tumor in children. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs; their role in the pathogenesis of many types of human cancers has been identified. We aimed to evaluate the expression of miR-21, a well-known oncomir, in WT tissue samples which is a very common urinary tract malignancy in children. Methods: We performed chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) to detect the sub-cellular localization of miR-21 in 25 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of WT. We also evaluated miR-21 expression in 24 of these blocks and 6 normal kidneys as controls using quantitative real-time PCR technique. Results: While our real-time PCR analysis showed miR-21 significant overexpression in 4 tumors compared to the normal kidney samples, we could not detect significant ISH signal in any of these samples. Conclusion: Low expression of miR-21 in WT might pinpoint the weak involvement of this miRNA in the pathogenesis of this cancer.
Fariba Binesh; Kazem Aghili; Marjan Hakiminia; Mohammad Reza Vahidfar; Roghayeh Masumi
Volume 11, Issue 5 , October 2016, , Pages 443-447
Abstract
Disseminated angiomatosis, also referred to as cystic angiomatosis, is a generalized disease that involves bones and soft tissue. It is characterized by multifocal hemangiomatous lesions of the bones with possible visceral organ involvement. The clinical manifestations differ according to the site and ...
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Disseminated angiomatosis, also referred to as cystic angiomatosis, is a generalized disease that involves bones and soft tissue. It is characterized by multifocal hemangiomatous lesions of the bones with possible visceral organ involvement. The clinical manifestations differ according to the site and the extension of disorder. Here we describe a case of generalized angiomatosis occurring in a 35-yr-old Iranian woman, initially misdiagnosed as osseous metastasis, who presented at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran in February 2014. Although the clinical, radiological and pathological features are diagnostic, the process is often mistaken with other lytic lesions of the bones, especially malignant tumors. The case is being reported owing to its scarcity as per the literature published globally.
Mohsen Khalili; Zahra Kiasalari; Batol Rahmati; Jamshid Narenjkar
Volume 5, Issue 1 , January 2010, , Pages 27-33
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There is well established the beneficial effects of Crocus sativus extract in learning and memory improvement. In the present study the effect of this plant in memory behavioral impairment and forbrain histological damage induced by STZ-icv model of Alzheimer disease ...
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Background and Objectives: There is well established the beneficial effects of Crocus sativus extract in learning and memory improvement. In the present study the effect of this plant in memory behavioral impairment and forbrain histological damage induced by STZ-icv model of Alzheimer disease were investigated. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Shahed University (Tehran) in 2007. Forty five male rats were divided into three 15 number groups: 1- Control which received CSF bilaterally two times in 1 and 3 days (10 µl in each injection ) 2- STZ-icv, streptozotocin (3 mg/kg) dissolved in CSF was injected (icv) to the animals. 3- STZ+CSE, the STZ-icv animals received the plant extract (30 mg/kg; i.p) one other day as treatment ones. All of the animal groups were weighted and subjected to memory behavioral passive avoidance test and brain histological damage analysis. Results: STZ caused selective injury to the fornix and hippocampus and an enlargement as well as loss of ependymal cell in third ventricle. However, STZ-icv treated animals with CSE (30 mg/kg, i.p) one other day starting one day pre-surgery for three weeks show higher correct choice and lower errors in shuttle box test than vehicle-treated STZ-injected rats. But the same CSE treatment rats did not show any antagonizing effects on STZ-icv induced histological impairment. Conclusion: Our findings provide an explanation for effectiveness of CSE in preventing the cognitive deficits caused by STZ-icv in rats, which mediated by enzymes, metabolisms (glucose utilization) and other biochemical pathways, but not via histological injury repair.
Nasrin Shayanfar; Behrang Kazeminejad
Volume 3, Issue 1 , January 2008, , Pages 30-34
Abstract
Background and Objective: Determination of hormone receptor status in the management of breast cancer is well-established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of androgen receptor (AR) expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, ...
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Background and Objective: Determination of hormone receptor status in the management of breast cancer is well-established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of androgen receptor (AR) expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 55 cases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma were examined using a monoclonal antibody against AR on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival material. The results were correlated with the results of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) previously done immunohistochemically on the specimens. Results: It was found out that AR was positive in 24 cases (43.6%). In addition, AR was positive in 33% (3) of grade 1, 45% (16) of grade 2, and 38% (15) of grade 3 tumors. Previously, ER and PR were done on 34 cases including 5 grade 1, 18 grade 2, and 11 grade 3 carcinomas. Among the grade 1 cases, 2 out of them were AR positive which were also ER and PR positive but 2 (11%) out of grade 2 and 3 (27%) out of grade 3 tumors were AR positive and ER negative. Also, 5 (28%) out of grade 2 and 3 (27%) out of grade 3 tumors were AR positive and PR negative. In grade 2 tumors, correlation between ER and PR negativity with AR positivity was significant. Conclusion: AR expression is common in invasive breast carcinomas. Some high grade carcinomas are ER and PR negative and AR positive. We suggest that immunohistochemical evaluation of AR may help in providing more information about steroid receptors in breast carcinomas
Mohammad Ebrahim Yarmohammadi; Horieh Saderi; S.Hadi Saghelaini; Jamshid Narenjkar J
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2006, , Pages 31-34
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the presence of Helicobacter pylori in sinonasal mucosa of patients with chronic sinusitis Design: A prospective case-control study Materials and methods: Mucosal specimens were collected from the mid-third middle meatus and lateral side of mid-cornea. H. pylori has been investigated ...
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Objective: To investigate the presence of Helicobacter pylori in sinonasal mucosa of patients with chronic sinusitis Design: A prospective case-control study Materials and methods: Mucosal specimens were collected from the mid-third middle meatus and lateral side of mid-cornea. H. pylori has been investigated using PCR after DNA extraction and urease test. Results: H. pylori was not found in any of the sample taken from both groups (case and control patients). Conclusion: This is the first reported study to investigate the presence of H. pylori in sinonasal mucosa in Iran. In this study, H. pylori was not determined in these sites, although its possible presence could not be excluded. Thus, further investigation on more patients and application of sensitive diagnostic techniques are recommended.
Mohammad Rahbar; Massoud Hajia; Mona Mohammadzadeh
Volume 7, Issue 1 , January 2012, , Pages 32-37
Abstract
Background and Objective: Early diagnosis of Streptococcus agalactiae remains difficult, since symptoms are very nonspecific. Its frequency has not been completely investigated in urinary tract pathogen of pregnant ant and non pregnant women in Iran. The aim of this study was determining the frequency ...
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Background and Objective: Early diagnosis of Streptococcus agalactiae remains difficult, since symptoms are very nonspecific. Its frequency has not been completely investigated in urinary tract pathogen of pregnant ant and non pregnant women in Iran. The aim of this study was determining the frequency of Group B Streptococci in female patients.
Materials and Methods: A Total of 11800 urine specimens were received from female out-patients admitted during June till December 2010. Group B Streptococci isolates were confirmed by typical colony morphology, and identified by differential tests as well as by the growth characteristics in chromoagar. A provisional urinary tract infection diagnosis was defined by the presence of single group B Streptococci (>10 CFU/liter) with at least one of urinary tract infection symptom. Susceptibility testing was carried out by disk diffusion method.
Results: Of all specimens 498 specimens (4.22%) yielded significant bacteriuria caused by group B Streptococci. The mean age of these patients were 26.6 + 19.37. Pregnant patients were 3.82% and the rest were non-pregnant. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that vancomycin, clindamycin and cefazolin had the lowest and penicillin showed the highest resistant rate.
Conclusion: Pattern onantibiotic susceptibility test showed high resistant rate to some antibiotic that made it difficult for pregnant patients, although its frequency was low. It was not possible to compare the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of pregnant women with non-pregnant because of the low number of pregnant women registered in this study.
Nona Zabolinej ad; Shirin Taraz Jamshidi; Alireza Rafati; Kamran Ghafarzadegan
Volume 6, Issue 1 , January 2011, , Pages 32-35
Abstract
Ependymomas accounts for about 2%–6% of CNS and 60%–70% of spinal cord tumors. Several histological patterns of these neoplasms are well known, but little attention has been devoted to a variant composed of giant cells. In spite of apparently “worrisome” histology, giant ...
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Ependymomas accounts for about 2%–6% of CNS and 60%–70% of spinal cord tumors. Several histological patterns of these neoplasms are well known, but little attention has been devoted to a variant composed of giant cells. In spite of apparently “worrisome” histology, giant cell ependymoma seems to be a neoplasm with a relatively good prognosis. This report presents a case of giant cell ependymoma of the filum terminale in a 24-year-old woman and highlights the morphological diagnostic criteria for this rare tumor.
Kazem Anvari; Abdolazim Sedighi Pashaki; Mahmoud Reza Kalantari; Mehdi Seilanian Toosi; Mohammad Reza Ghavam Nasiri; Hamid Reza Raziee
Volume 4, Issue 1 , January 2009, , Pages 32-37
Abstract
Background and Objective: Approximately half of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are cured with current chemotherapy regimens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Bax and Bcl2 expression and their relationship with the response to chemotherapy. Materials and Methods This study ...
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Background and Objective: Approximately half of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are cured with current chemotherapy regimens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Bax and Bcl2 expression and their relationship with the response to chemotherapy. Materials and Methods This study was a prospective analysis on 44 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Their specimens were stained with immunohistochemistery method for Bax and Bcl2. The relationship between Bax/Bcl2 expression and the response to chemotherapy as well as some other prognostic factors were assessed. Results: Out of 44 patients, 29 were Bax+ and 15 Bax-, 31 Bcl2+ and 13 Bcl2-. We found a statistically significant relationship between IPI score and the response to chemotherapy (P = 0.002). The response rates were relatively better (but not significant) in cases with Bax + compared to Bax – and in patients with Bcl2- compared to Bcl2 + tumors. The combination of immunohistochemistery results for Bcl2 and Bax could predict relatively higher response rates in a way that those with Bax+ Bcl2- had a higher response compared to Bax- Bcl2+ ( 57%% VS.22%, p=0.15). Conclusion: Although we found a relatively higher responses in our cases with Bax + vs. Bax - and in those with Bcl2- vs. Bcl2 +, the differences were not statistically significant. We suggest further studies to confirm whether the Bcl2 and Bax expressions have any effect on the response to chemotherapy and whether they could be considered as predictor factors for chemotherapy response.
