Nephropathology
Elham Farahani; Fatemeh Nili; Mehran Moghimian; Isa Jahanzad; Farzaneh sadat Minoo; Alireza Abdollahi; Samaneh Salarvand
Abstract
Background & Objective: The prevalence of glomerular diseases, as the leading cause of chronic kidney disease, is increasing. Renal biopsy is still the gold standard for diagnosis of the most kidney disorders. Data on prevalence of the biopsy-proven kidney diseases in Iran is limited and none of ...
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Background & Objective: The prevalence of glomerular diseases, as the leading cause of chronic kidney disease, is increasing. Renal biopsy is still the gold standard for diagnosis of the most kidney disorders. Data on prevalence of the biopsy-proven kidney diseases in Iran is limited and none of the previously reported studies used electron microscopic (EM) evaluation for the diagnosis. This study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of biopsy-proven kidney diseases in a referral center in Iran.
Methods: The reports of kidney biopsy samples from 2006 to 2018 referred to a pathology center, affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences were reviewed. The prevalence of different disorders was assessed based on the clinical presentation in 3 age categories, including childhood, adulthood, and elderly.
Results: Among 3455 samples, 2975 were analyzed after excluding transplant-related specimens, suboptimal specimens, and those with uncertain diagnoses. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) (39%) was the most common cause of biopsy followed by subnephrotic proteinuria (18%), hematuria in association with proteinuria (15%), renal failure (9%), isolated hematuria (6%), lupus (4%) and the other non-specific manifestations such as hypertetion or malaise (each one less than 2%). The most common diagnoses included membranous nephropathy (MGN) (17.9%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (15.9%), lupus nephritis (LN) (13.7%), minimal histopathological findings (unsampled FSGS versus Minimal Change Disease, 12.1%), Immunoglobulin-A (IgA) nephropathy (6.5%) and Alport syndrome (6.1%). MGN was the most frequent disease before 2013, but FSGS became more frequent after that.
Conclusion: NS and proteinuria were the most indications for kidney biopsy. Although MGN was the most common disease, the prevalence of FSGS has been increasing in recent years and making it the most common disease after 2013. LN and IgA nephropathy are the most common causes of secondary and primary GN presenting with proteinuria and hematuria, respectively.
Endocrine Pathology
Elena Jamali; Behrang Kazeminezhad; Mahsa Ahadi; Afshin Moradi; Hamideh Khabbazi
Abstract
Background & Objective: Eosinophils are normally found in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and with less prevalence in the esophagus. Eosinophilic infiltration is increased as part of inflammatory reactions in various diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the count and distribution ...
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Background & Objective: Eosinophils are normally found in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and with less prevalence in the esophagus. Eosinophilic infiltration is increased as part of inflammatory reactions in various diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the count and distribution of eosinophils in esophageal specimens obtained for different causes.Methods: Endoscopy and pathology reports of esophageal specimens in Shahid Beheshti University related hospitals, Tehran, Iran, were extracted from 2016 to 2019. The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), malignancy, eosinophilic esophagitis, and asymptomatic patients were determined as the percentages of total resection and biopsy specimens. Each group was calculated and randomly selected according to the inclusion criteria. All data were analyzed statistically using SPSS software.Results: A total of 258 biopsy and resection specimens were evaluated in this study. Fourty three cases (16.7%) diagnosed as normal esophageal mucosa , 42 cases (16.3%) as non-specific esophagitis, 155 cases (60.1%) diagnosed as gastroesophageal reflux disease, 4 cases (1.6%) showed malignancy and other diagnoses were recorded for 14 cases (5.4%). The numbers of eosinophils in the epithelium and lamina propria in the normal group were 0.1±0.5 and 2.08±2.33, respectively. The eosinophil count in different groups and its relation to different histopathologic findings were diverse.Conclusion: The number of eosinophils within the lamina propria was significantly higher than those found within other layers. . The highest mean eosinophil count was observed in the epithelium and the lamina propria of cases diagnosed as GERD.
GI, Liver & Pancreas Pathology
Behrang Kazeminezhad; Helia Falahatian Mehrjardi; Afshin Moradi; Tahmineh Mollasharifi
Abstract
Background & Objective: The existence of eosinophils in the gastric mucosal epithelium is unusual, while the term "eosinophilic gastritis" has become overused due to the increased numbers of eosinophils found in gastric specimens. Thus, we aimed to assess the number and distribution of eosinophils ...
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Background & Objective: The existence of eosinophils in the gastric mucosal epithelium is unusual, while the term "eosinophilic gastritis" has become overused due to the increased numbers of eosinophils found in gastric specimens. Thus, we aimed to assess the number and distribution of eosinophils in gastric specimens in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences hospitals.Methods: This study was performed on 318 patients with gastric diseases who had undergone endoscopic biopsy or gastrectomy in the hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University from 2016 to 2018. By referring to the archives of pathology departments, patients' demographic and clinical information, endoscopic and histopathological findings were collected. The data was then statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 24 with a significance level of P-value< 0.05 in all tests.Results: The participants were 157 men and 161 women, with an average age of 51.21 years. There was no significant correlation between eosinophil distribution and age, gender, or primary gastric locations. However, there was a strong correlation between the count of eosinophils in the lamina propria and intestinal metaplasia. Mean eosinophil count per high power field (HPF) was 12, 23, and 14 in mild, moderate, and severe degrees of intestinal metaplasia, respectively. An increase in eosinophil count was seen along with lymphoplasma cells infiltration up to 8/HPF in mild cases, 13/HPF in moderate cases, and 14/HPF in severe cases.Conclusion: Eosinophil counts in the lamina propria layer show a significant positive relationship with the eosinophil sheet, presence of Heliobacter pylori microorganism, intestinal metaplasia, and lymphoplasma cells infiltration.
Uropathology
Iraj Khosrovpanah; Sadeq Rostami; Zhoobin Heidari bateni; Mojtaba Teimoori; Darya Khosrovpanah
Volume 13, Issue 3 , July 2018, , Pages 333-339
Abstract
Background and Objective: Prostate cancer is considered as one of the most common malignancies in males. Despite the decreasing trend during the past decade, the incidence continues to rise in adolescents worldwide. Recently, new emerging technologies beside TRUS-guided prostate biopsy were introduced ...
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Background and Objective: Prostate cancer is considered as one of the most common malignancies in males. Despite the decreasing trend during the past decade, the incidence continues to rise in adolescents worldwide. Recently, new emerging technologies beside TRUS-guided prostate biopsy were introduced and showed high potential in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The current study aimed at investigating the role of blood cell count and its prognostic value on pathologic findings.Methods:The current prospective analysis was conducted on patients with abnormality from January 2013 to January 2015. A total of 168 CBC tests including absolute Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were performed on males at the Department of Urology, Razi University Hospital (Guilan, Iran). Of these, all males had both CBCs and free:total (F/T) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ratio.Results: Average age of patients was 63.5±7. It was observed that Neutrophil count and Neutrophil percentage was not significantly different among the groups with different pathologies. In comparison to biopsy findings none of the cell count had suitable specificity and sensitivity. In the multivariate analysis to predict malignancy, only age (B=0.1, S.E=0.04, EXP [B]) =1.1 and sig=0.00) and PSA level (B=0.1, S.E=0.04, EXP [B]) =1.1 and sig=0.00) were significant.Conclusions: In comparison to biopsy findings, none of the cell counts (absolute or percent) had suitable specificity and sensitivity, and the cell count and percentage before biopsy were not different among the groups with different pathologies. Powerful and long-term studies are required to evaluate prognostic values of cell count on adenocarcinoma.
Hematopathology
Ruchita Tyagi; Aminder Singh; Bhavna Garg; Neena Sood
Abstract
Background & objective: Introduction: First detection of any solid tumour as metastatic deposits in bone marrow directs clinicians to start searching for the primary tumour. Detection of bone marrow metastasis determines the stage of the malignancy, prognosis, mode of treatment, chemotherapeutic ...
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Background & objective: Introduction: First detection of any solid tumour as metastatic deposits in bone marrow directs clinicians to start searching for the primary tumour. Detection of bone marrow metastasis determines the stage of the malignancy, prognosis, mode of treatment, chemotherapeutic response and follow-up in case of relapse. The aim of the current study was to analyse the clinico-haematological presentation and morphological pattern of infiltration of solid tumours detected first as metastatic deposits on bone marrow examination. Methods:Three-year retrospective analysis of MGG-stained bone marrow aspiration smears and touch imprints of the bone marrow biopsy and Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained histopathological sections of biopsies was performed at the Department of Pathology at a tertiary care institute (January 2014 to December 2016). The morphological pattern of metastatic deposits and haematological profiles of the patients were analysed. Exclusion criterion was the presence of hematolymphoid malignancies. Results: In 22 cases, bone marrow was the first site of detection of metastasis. The age of the patients ranged from 3 years and 10 months to 82 years, with equal gender predilection. Overall, 16 cases had cytopenias, 9 cases each had leucocytosis and leukoerythroblastic presentation. The metastasis was from Ewing’s sarcoma, prostate carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma invasive duct carcinoma breast, gallbladder carcinoma, lacrimal duct carcinoma and invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma. Conclusions: Bone marrow examination is a cheap and reliable investigation to detect metastasis in an unsuspecting case. Bilateral trephine biopsies are recommended to increase the efficacy of detecting bone marrow metastasis.
Sepideh Siadati; Hamid Shafi; Hossein Ghorbani
Abstract
Background & objective: Regarding the importance of histologic examination of testicular biopsy for clinical planning of infertility, the current study was conducted to compare 2 separate histologic examination of testicular biopsy. Also, some cases with known fertility outcome were followed and ...
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Background & objective: Regarding the importance of histologic examination of testicular biopsy for clinical planning of infertility, the current study was conducted to compare 2 separate histologic examination of testicular biopsy. Also, some cases with known fertility outcome were followed and their histological patterns were also compared with those of the outcome.
Methods: The current study was conducted on testicular biopsies of 924 males evaluated for infertility from 1990 to 2013, retrieved from the archive of pathology department of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol, Northern Iran. All slides were reviewed by a pathologist unaware of the original results. Data including age, histological pattern of spermatogenesis (pure and mixed), smoking, and the history of ejaculatory duct obstruction were retrieved from the pathology archive. In some cases, the outcome was also compared with that of the histological pattern. All analyses were executed using SPSS version 22 statistical software. To analyze the data, t test, Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and the least significant difference (LSD) test were used.
Results and Conclusion: Out of the 924 testicular biopsies, 34 (3.7%) cases had different reports from original reading. LSD analysis indicated Sertoli cell only syndrome (SCO) as the most common histological pattern. There was a significant difference between the mean age of cases with SCO and that of the ones with hypospermatogenesis (HYPO) (P =0.03). Obstruction was higher in pure pattern (P=0.04). The pregnancy rate was higher in the wives of males with obstructive infertility than the ones with non-obstructive infertility. SCO was the most common histological pattern of testicular biopsy during 23 years. Pure patterns were more than mixed patterns, and the mean age was lower in mixed patterns. Also, pure patterns were the most common findings in the cases with obstructive infertility.
Sepideh Siadati; Nasibeh Khorram; Mohaddeseh Mirzapour
Volume 8, Issue 3 , July 2013, , Pages 159-164
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There are a few studies on histopathologic type of oral lesions especially from Iran. The aim of this study was to survey the oral lesions in Babol, northern Iran.
Methods: The histopathology records were retrospectively reviewed for all lesions of oral cavity and ...
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Background and Objectives: There are a few studies on histopathologic type of oral lesions especially from Iran. The aim of this study was to survey the oral lesions in Babol, northern Iran.
Methods: The histopathology records were retrospectively reviewed for all lesions of oral cavity and jaws, during the years 1990 to 2009. The data were collected from the archive of pathology and analyzed based on age, gender, site of lesion and histopathologic type.
Results: From the 465 studied specimens, the mean age was 34.6 ± 20.3 years old; female to male ratio was 1.1: 1. The most frequent lesions were inflammatory/reactive (60%), tumoral (25%), cystic (14.2%), and tumor like lesions (0.8%), respectively. The most common inflammatory lesion was mucocele as 54 cases (19.4%). Ameloblastoma was the most common odontogenic tumor (55.5%). The most common odontogenic cyst was radicular cyst (44.8%), and the most common non-odontogenic cyst was mucus retention cyst (75%).
Conclusion: It seems that the malignant oral and jaw lesions have been more prevalent in this study compared to others, thus, the patients must be biopsied earlier to rule out malignant oral lesion in histologic examination.
Elahe Keyhani
Volume 7, Issue 2 , April 2012, , Pages 63-69
Abstract
Muscle biopsy has been used for a long time for diagnosis of muscular, nerurogenic and systemic disorders with muscle involvement, because only very few of these disorders show sufficient specific clinical features for definite diagnosis. Since the presence of difficulties in the screening of numerous ...
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Muscle biopsy has been used for a long time for diagnosis of muscular, nerurogenic and systemic disorders with muscle involvement, because only very few of these disorders show sufficient specific clinical features for definite diagnosis. Since the presence of difficulties in the screening of numerous genes, muscle biopsy could be a time and cost effective procedure for solving the diagnostic problems. The aim of this article is to mention the importance of muscle tissue in the evaluation of primary and secondary muscle diseases, special consideration of how to biopsy, handling the specimen and performing the special staining, and the microscopic findings in order to have better interpretation results.
