Maliheh Arab; Mohammad Hashemi; Nadereh Masoumi; Mehdi Yaseri; Farzaneh Golfam; Mojgan Ebrahimi
Volume 5, Issue 3 , June 2010, , Pages 132-136
Abstract
Background and Objective: Ovarian tumors are among the most frequent pathologic conditions in gynecologic practice and a frequent cause of hospitalization and surgery. The aim of this study was to determine histologic distribution of benign operated masses especially functional ovarian cysts. ...
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Background and Objective: Ovarian tumors are among the most frequent pathologic conditions in gynecologic practice and a frequent cause of hospitalization and surgery. The aim of this study was to determine histologic distribution of benign operated masses especially functional ovarian cysts. Material and Methods: Benign ovarian files of operated patients (2961 cases) in 20 tertiary and secondary hospitals were reviewed regarding age and histopathology from 1998- 2005. Analysis was done by SPSS software (version 13). Results: The most common benign histologies in order of frequency were functional cyst (57%), serous cystadenoma (13%), dermoid cyst (10%), mucinous cystadenoma (7%) and endometrioma (6%). Conclusion: Functional cysts were the most common benign ovarian cyst. Nearly high distribution of functional cysts in the present study may be an index of need to management improvement and less surgical decisions in ovarian tumors.
Amir Farhang Zand-Parsa; Mahsa Sedaghati-Hagh; Mitra Mahdavi-Mazdeh; Alireza Abdollahi
Volume 6, Issue 3 , June 2011, , Pages 133-138
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to survey the relationship between the level of creatinine,cardiac troponins serum and the function of the left ventricle in patients with kidney insufficiency,without acute coronary syndrome. Materialsand Methods:The sample ...
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Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to survey the relationship between the level of creatinine,cardiac troponins serum and the function of the left ventricle in patients with kidney insufficiency,without acute coronary syndrome. Materialsand Methods:The sample was150 patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease without acute coronary syndrome, hospitalized at Imam Khomeini Center through 2008-2009. All the patients had serum creatinine (cr) 1.5mgor greater and no symptoms of acute coronary syndrome in the first month. Serum Cr and troponin T and I were measured in blood samples and patients left ventricular function (LVEF) were estimated by echocardiography. Then based on the objectives, the findings were analyzed with SPSS soft ware. Results:Serum troponin T levels were significantly higher in patients with greater Cr levels but there was no significant relationship between troponin I and Cr levels. Patients with greater degrees of LV dysfunction had significantly upper levels of troponin T(P=0.0001). In this category, patients with diabetes, old age, cigarette smokers, greater levels of Cr, advanced stages of chronic kidney disease and greater degrees of LV dysfunction showedsignificantly higher levels of troponin T(P=0.0001). Conclusion:To identify chronic kidney disease patients at increased risk for cardiovascular events, serum troponin T can be used. In high-riskpatients, the evaluation for cardiovascular diseases could be done earlier in the course of chronic kidney disease.
Arezoo Aghakhani; Ali Eslamifar; Mehdi Razzaghi Abyaneh; Mohsen Vazir-Nezami; Habibollah Moghadasi; Amitis Ramezani; Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi; Ali Khameneh; Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar; Ali Akbar Amir-Zargar; Zahra Deljoodokht
Volume 3, Issue 3 , June 2008, , Pages 135-149
Abstract
Background and Objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic diseases. In the past decades, there has been an increase in fungal infections of sinuses and fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) has been diagnosed more frequently. Knowing the fungal flora and its prevalence in ...
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Background and Objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic diseases. In the past decades, there has been an increase in fungal infections of sinuses and fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) has been diagnosed more frequently. Knowing the fungal flora and its prevalence in CRS patients will allow a better understanding of this disease, permitting a correct diagnosis, treatment and formulating its prognosis. This study was performed to assess the fungal flora and its prevalence in CRS patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study fungal cultures were obtained from nasal and paranasal sinuses mucus of 100 patients suffering from CRS and 40 controls who did not show any evidence of CRS .In addition, in CRS patients, paranasal sinuses mucus and tissue were histologically investigated for evidence of eosinophilic granulocytes and fungal elements besides fungal culture. Results: Fungal cultures of nasal mucus were positive in 62.5% and 60% of cases and controls respectively. Positive fungal cultures of paranasal sinuses mucus were seen in 49% of cases and 5% of controls. Aspergillus was the most frequent, followed by Penicilium and Cladosporium in both nasal and paranasal sinuses mucus culture. Eosinophilic mucin was found in 90% of CRS patients. Conclusion: Our data showed that fungal infection is frequent in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Based on our results, Aspergillus was the most frequent isolated fungus in CRS patients.
Baharak Kian; Reza Mirnejad; Shiva Mirkalantari; Gholamali Moradli; Reza Golmohammadi
Abstract
Background & Objective: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen with high pathogenic and antibiotic-resistance potential and is also considered as one of the main nosocomial agents, specifically in the intensive care units (ICUs). It is highly important to use molecular biology methods ...
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Background & Objective: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen with high pathogenic and antibiotic-resistance potential and is also considered as one of the main nosocomial agents, specifically in the intensive care units (ICUs). It is highly important to use molecular biology methods in the epidemiological studies, determine the source of infection, and understand the relationships and distributional patterns of pathogens. Therefore, the current study aimed to determining the similar molecular types in the A. baumannii species isolated from patients in Tehran, Iran, by the repetitive element PCR fingerprinting (REP-PCR) method. Methods: A total of 350 clinical samples were collected from patients admitted to different hospital in Tehran, assessed to identify Acinetobacter spp., based on the special culture media and biochemical test results. The resistance of isolates was evaluated against 11 different antibiotics. The cefepime and ceftazidime were assessed by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method, based on serial dilutions. The genome of isolated strains was extracted using the modified boiling method and amplified in REP-PCR technique using specific primers. Results: In the current study, out of 120 isolates of Acinetobacter spp., 100 (76.9%) were identified as A. baumannii, mostly from ICUs and infectious diseases wards. The isolates of A. baumannii in the current study mostly showed antimicrobial resistance against cefepime and ceftazidime, and had the highest sensitivity to polymyxin B. About 70% of A. baumannii isolates in the current study were resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. According to dendrogram analyses, the patterns were classified to A- I with the maximum population (36%) of group A. All genotypes of Acinetobacter spp. in the current study showed resistance against carbapenems and aminoglycosides. Conclusions: High similarities between the isolates in the current study indicated the high distribution of A. baumannii species in the hospitals of Tehran.
Mitra Mehrazma1; Soraya Salehi; Shokrollah Yousefi; Selaheddin Delshad; Ahmad Jalilvand; Alireza Hasanpour
Volume 1, Issue 4 , September 2006, , Pages 155-160
Abstract
Background and Objective: Mediastinal masses in children are a heterogenous group of asymptomatic potentially life-threatening congenital, infectious, or neoplastic lesions that present complex diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Materials and Methods: The clinical and laboratory features of 65 patients ...
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Background and Objective: Mediastinal masses in children are a heterogenous group of asymptomatic potentially life-threatening congenital, infectious, or neoplastic lesions that present complex diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Materials and Methods: The clinical and laboratory features of 65 patients who had open biopsies in Ali-Asghar hospital over 11 years were reviewed. Results: Seventy-two percent of cases were male and 28% were female. The age varied between 2.5 months and 19 years. Eighty-four percent of lesions were malignant and 16% were benign. Neurogenic tumors were the most common (36.9%). In order of frequency the following lesions were the most common neuroblastoma (mostly in posterior mediastinum), Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (mostly in middle mediastinum), and malignant small round cell tumor (mostly in chest wall). Most patients were presented by fever (21.5%), dyspnea (20%) and cough (12%), especially in Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Lymphadenopathy (29.2%) and hepatosplenomegaly (13.8%) were the most frequent clinical signs. Laboratory examination revealed anemia (29%), leukocytosis (35%), and high sedimentation rate (21.5%). Conclusion: The clinical presentation and laboratory findings of mediastinal and chest wall masses are often non-specific and are variable, but according to their clinical data (i.e. age) and location, only few important diagnoses should be considered.
Breast Pathology
Primariadewi Rustamadji; Elvan Wiyarta; Ineke Anggreani
Abstract
Background & Objective: Patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) for invasive breast cancer (IBC) therapy need biomarkers to track their progress. Because of the relationship between NFkB, Survivin, and Cyclin D1 with NC resistance, the different expression levels of each of these biomarkers ...
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Background & Objective: Patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) for invasive breast cancer (IBC) therapy need biomarkers to track their progress. Because of the relationship between NFkB, Survivin, and Cyclin D1 with NC resistance, the different expression levels of each of these biomarkers can be different between pre- and post-NC in IBC. However, no research has examined the correlation between these biomarkers before and after the NC expression. This study aimed to determine the correlation among them.Methods: Biomarkers expression (low and high) was used to classify 30 samples. ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67 status, tumor grade, age, and NC response were assessed. The amounts of Survivin, Cyclin D1, and NFkB were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and samples were classified based on the cut-off. Chi-square and linear regression were used to evaluate the data.Results: No significant association was found with the changes in the expression of Survivin, Cyclin D1, and NFkB, both before and after the NC. Significant moderate correlations were shown between before and after the NC Survivin expression (r = 0.513) and Cyclin D1 expression (r = 0.543). The correlation between expression of NFkB before and after the NC was not significant.Conclusion: The high potential of these proteins as prognostic indicators was demonstrated by the strong positive association between the expression of Survivin and Cyclin D1 before and after the NC. This upregulation of biomarkers indicates chemoresistance in developing IBC in the presence of NC.
Masoumeh Heidari; Zeinab Safavi
Volume 8, Issue 3 , July 2013, , Pages 165-170
Abstract
Background and Objective: Co-authorship on writing articles is one of the indicators of reliability in scientific articles. Due to the lack of information regarding to the rate of participation of the authors of articles in the ” Iranian Journal of Pathology” this research with the aim of ...
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Background and Objective: Co-authorship on writing articles is one of the indicators of reliability in scientific articles. Due to the lack of information regarding to the rate of participation of the authors of articles in the ” Iranian Journal of Pathology” this research with the aim of the survey of collaborative coefficients of article authors in this Journal from 2006 to 2012 was performed.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional research was performed. The study population consisted of all articles published in the years studied. Totally 288 printed articles in terms of number and sexes of authors were recognized and collaborative coefficient between the authors was calculated. The data were collected by referring to the original articles and Excel software was used for data entry. Data analysis with using descriptive statistics and collaborative coefficient formula was worked out.
Results: Altogether 288 articles had 1078 authors. Average number of authors was 3.75 ± 1.65 and the maximum number of articles was written by three authors. Collaborative coefficient in 2008 was seen as higher ratio of collaboration between article authors. Average collaborative coefficient of authors in research years was 0.69 which demonstrated willingness to cooperate between authors of this journal.
Conclusion: It seems that the collaboration between article authors of pathology is high. However considering that participation lead to increase the quality of research activities, encourage researchers to collaborate in scientific research can enhance the quality of articles.
Nader Shavandi; Reza afshar; Abolfazl Samiei; Abbas Saremi; Rahman Sheikh Hoseini
Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2012, , Pages 165-170
Abstract
Background and Aims: Post exercise proteinuria and increased urinary Gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels can be indicative of exercise-induced renal damage. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of one session of intensive training on renal tubular injury markers and compare their ...
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Background and Aims: Post exercise proteinuria and increased urinary Gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels can be indicative of exercise-induced renal damage. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of one session of intensive training on renal tubular injury markers and compare their values to those 6 hours after training, for evaluating tubular damage after intensive training.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study with pre- and post- test design, 10 elite volunteer male athletes were selected and participated in one training session (2 hours). Urine samples were collected before training, one hour after training, and 6 hours after training. Urinary protein, creatinine, and GGT values were measured through laboratory methods and then Pr/Cr and GGT/Cr ratios were computed.
Results: There weresignificant differences between values of protein, urine Pr/Cr ratio, GGT and creatinine in the three sampling phases (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between values for GGT/Cr ratio. There were significant differences between the mean values of creatinine, protein, GGT, and Pr/Cr ratio within pre-exercise and 1 hour post-exercise values and Pr/Cr ratio values in pre-exercise and 6 hours post-exercise (P<0.05).
Conclusions: It seems that a session of karate training does not result in permanent renal damage and for evaluation of tubular function, it is better to get the urine sample for urinary marker at least 6 hours after exercise.
Nasrin Shayanfar; Shahriar Zohourian Shahzadi
Volume 4, Issue 4 , September 2009, , Pages 167-171
Abstract
Background and Objective: Neuroendocrine differentiation has not been proved to have effects in behavior of colorectal carcinomas. The aim of this study was Immunohistochemical evaluation of neuroendocrine differentiation in colorectal cancer. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 83 ...
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Background and Objective: Neuroendocrine differentiation has not been proved to have effects in behavior of colorectal carcinomas. The aim of this study was Immunohistochemical evaluation of neuroendocrine differentiation in colorectal cancer. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 83 paraffin blocks from patients admitted in Rasoul-e-akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran, during 2003 to 2008, were evaluated in Pathology Department. All sections were stained with immunohistochemistry method for neuron specific enolase (NSE) and Chromogranin A(CgA). Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0. Results: Median age of patients was 56 yr. Forty four cases (53%) were female. According to TNM staging system, 11% of cases were in stage I, 29% in IIa, 7% in IIb, 2% in IIIa, 23% in IIIb, 24% IIIc and 2% were in stage IV. Thirteen cases (16%) were NSE positive, 15 cases (18.1%) were CgA positive. Two, 8 and 5 percent of the patients in grade I, II and III were CgA positive, respectively. Two, 6 and 5 percent of the patients in grade I, II and III were NSE positive. In grades II and III, NSE and CgA were significantly higher than grade I (P<0.001). CgA incidence was higher significantly in mucinous carcinomas (P<0.05). Conclusion: Less than 20% of colorectal cancers showed neuroendocrine differentiation. There was no significant relationship between NSE and CgA incidence with stage or tumor site. There was a relationship between histologic grade and above-mentioned markers; this finding may help us in our knowledge about tumor behavior.
Farinaz Rashedmarandi; Marjan Rahnamayefarzami; Mahnaz Saremi; Roghayeh Sabouri
Volume 3, Issue 4 , September 2008, , Pages 191-196
Abstract
Background and Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTIs) is one of the most common diagnosed infectious diseases. In order to determine the spectrum of bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of the uropathogens that cause community acquired UTI, a retrospective study was performed ...
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Background and Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTIs) is one of the most common diagnosed infectious diseases. In order to determine the spectrum of bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of the uropathogens that cause community acquired UTI, a retrospective study was performed in Research Center of Reference laboratories of Iran on urine samples of referred patients during a 4 years period (from 2002 to 2006). Materials and Methods: During the study period, 4207 urine specimens were cultured. Cultures with a significant bacterial growth were selected and susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method. Results: Outof 4207 urine specimens, 476 (11%) yielded positive culture. Escherichia coli (44.5 %) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.5%) were the most predominant isolated bacteria respectively. Escherichia coli revealed the highest susceptibility among oral antibiotics to nitrofurantoin (76%) and the highest rate of resistance to carbenicillin (94%) and ampicillin (89%) respectively. In total isolates, the highest level of susceptibility was for imipenem (99%) and among oral antibiotics for nitrofurantoin (70 %), and the highest level of resistance was for carbenicillin (89%) and ampicillin (84%). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed a considerable resistance to fluoroquinolones and co-trimoxazole and a high sensitivity to nitrofurantoin among isolated bacteria. We strongly recommend nitrofurantoin as the drug of choice for empiric therapy of UTI in our country.
Hamid Tabrizchee; Armita Esmaili
Volume 6, Issue 4 , September 2011, , Pages 193-201
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and some cases of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have overlapping morphologic features. Since they all represent distinct clinico-pathologic entities, we explored the differential diagnostic ...
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Background and Objectives: Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and some cases of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have overlapping morphologic features. Since they all represent distinct clinico-pathologic entities, we explored the differential diagnostic impact of immunophenotyping to discriminate between them. Materials and Methods: We included 61 cases diagnosed as CHL, ALCL, and anaplastic variant of DLBCL. We reviewed morphologic microscopic findings by conventional staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with antibodies against PAX-5, CD30, CD15, CD45, EMA, ALK-1, and LMP-1. Results: Fifty cases corresponded to CHL (81.97%), 4 cases to ALCL (6.56%), and 4 cases to DLBCL (6.56%) excluding 3 cases, which remained unclassifiable (4.92%). PAX-5 was expressed in 94% of CHL and 100% of DLBCL cases. LMP-1 was expressed in 52% of CHL and 25% of DLBCL cases. EMA was invariably expressed in all 4 cases of ALK+ALCL. It was expressed in 4/50 cases (8%) of CHL and in 2/4 cases (50%) of DLBCL. CD45 was expressed in all cases of ALCL and DLBCL but also in 3/50 cases (6%) of CHL. Conclusion: The differentiation between ALCL and CHL based on EMA and CD45 is not reliable. Utilization of PAX-5 in combination with other markers such as CD15 and LMP-1 is recommended. CD20 and PAX-5 are not too helpful in the differentiation of CHL and DLBCL, while CD15 and CD79a were found to be quite useful discriminative markers for this purpose.
Hedieh Moradi-Tabriz; Alireza Abdollahi; Baharak Mehdipour; Saeideh Mahfoozi
Volume 5, Issue 4 , September 2010, , Pages 194-198
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A. baumannii is a cause of various infections with significant morbidity and mortality in the world. The aim of this study was to determine infection rate and antimicrobial susceptibility of A. baumannii in an Iranian tertiary care Hospital.
Materials and Methods:
This ...
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Background and Objectives: A. baumannii is a cause of various infections with significant morbidity and mortality in the world. The aim of this study was to determine infection rate and antimicrobial susceptibility of A. baumannii in an Iranian tertiary care Hospital.
Materials and Methods:
This study was performed on 166 positive blood cultures for A. baumannii, received from different wards of Imam Hospitals complex in Tehran, during two years. Disk diffusion method was used to survey several antibiotics resistance. Data were analyzed by spss software, chi square test.
Results: A. baumannii was resistant to imipenem (26.9%), gentamicine (32.2%), carbenicillin (36.4%), cephotaxime(41.7%), ampicillin (66.7%), amikacine (69.4%), ciprofloxacin (74.3%), cotrimoxazol (86.3%),piperacillin (91%), Ceftriaxone (92.5%), cefixime (99.2%), amoxiclave (100%), cefepime(100%), ceftazidime (100%). ICUs (50.6%) and Pediatrics Wards (2.4%) were the most and the least frequent wards in which A. baumannii were isolated.
Conclusions: Due to antibiotic resistance pattern change among A. baumannii and its consequences, it is recommended to control infection associated risk factors as well as further researches aiming identification of different of patterns in resistance and sensitivity to antibiotic.
Nafiseh Izadi; Mahboubeh Naderi Nasab; Elnaz Harifi Mood; Zahra Meshkat
Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2014, , Pages 199-205
Abstract
Background & Objectives:Extended-spectrum-B-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains of Klebsiella Pneumoniaare an important cause of many serious infections in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients and delayed treatment of these infections in crease chance of death in patients. This study was performed ...
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Background & Objectives:Extended-spectrum-B-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains of Klebsiella Pneumoniaare an important cause of many serious infections in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients and delayed treatment of these infections in crease chance of death in patients. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing K. Pneumonia and to evaluate the frequency of TEM and SHV genes among the clinical samples. Methods:One hundred and thirty isolates of K. Pneumoniawere collected at Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad (Iran) from May 2011 to July 2012. ESBL production was determined by the double disk diffusion (DDs) test. PCR method was used to detect TEM and SHV genes. Results:Of 130 patients withK. pneumoniainfection 28 were out-patients and 102 hospitalized patients. The most specimens was urine samples (n=25 in out-patients, n=39 in hospitalized patients, totally 49.2%) followed by wound samples (n=3 in out-patients, n=21 in hospitalized patients, totally 21.5%), blood samples (n=19 in hospitalized, 14.6%). The prevalence of ESBL producingK. pnemoniaewas estimated 43% (n=56) including three of ESBLs positive isolates from out-patients and 53 from hospitalized patients. Of 56 ESBLs positive isolates, 44(87.54%) TEM, 39(69.64%) SHV and in 27 cases (48.21%) both TEM and SHV were detected. Conclusion:A high prevalence of ESBL-producing K. Pneumoniaamong the hospital isolates obtained of urinary followed by blood and wound samples were documented. The majority of them carried both TEM and SHV genes. Results of this study alarm for the physicians because treatment and control nosocomial infections for them were difficult.
Masood Saleem Mir; Mohammad Maqbool Darzi; Omer Khalil Baba; Hilal Musadiq Khan; Shayaib Ahmad Kamil; Asif Hassan Sofi; Sarfraz Ahmad Wani
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Streptozotocin (STZ) is used for induction of Type-1 diabetes mellitus in animal models. Its beta-cytotoxic action results in sudden release of insulin leading to severe hypoglycaemia and even mortality. However, its sensitivity varies with species. Present investigation ...
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Background & Objectives: Streptozotocin (STZ) is used for induction of Type-1 diabetes mellitus in animal models. Its beta-cytotoxic action results in sudden release of insulin leading to severe hypoglycaemia and even mortality. However, its sensitivity varies with species. Present investigation was aimed at studying STZ induced acute clinical effects in rabbits. Methods: Streptozotocin@ 65 mg/kg b.w.was administered to thirteenNew Zealand White rabbits, 1-1.5 kg body weight, as single intravenous dose in 1mL citrate buffer, pH 4.6. Blood glucose levels were recorded before drug administration and then at 20 min, 1h, and hourly up to 9 hours post-treatment followed by intravenous and oral glucose therapy. Clinical signs were noted. Results: STZ caused immediate hyperglycaemia up to 4 hours, and then progressively severe hypoglycaemia up to 9 hours. Hypoglycaemia caused characteristic behavioural alterations including lethargy, dullness, sitting quietly but appearing alert, followed by aesthesia and then muscular weakness with characteristic postural changes starting from drooping of head and torticollis, Rabbits recovered following glucose therapy. Marked individual variations in response vis-a-vis onset and severity of glycaemic changes were observed. Conclusion: STZ induced a characteristic multiphasic immediate response in rabbits similar to one reported in other rodents. Behavioural changes were characteristic of hypoglycaemia warranting early management in order to avoid fatalities. How to cite this article: Saleem Mir M, Maqbool Darzi M, Baba OK, Musadiq Khan H, Ahmad Kamil S, Sofi AH, et al. Streptozotocin Induced Acute Clinical Effectsin Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):206-13.
Artem Piddubnyi; Anatolii M Romaniuk; Inna-Margaryta Radomychelski; Yuliia Moskalenko; Roman Moskalenko
Abstract
Background & Objective: To study the immunophenotype of prostate cancer (PC) with the presence and absence of intraluminal inclusions (IIn), depending on the grade score. Methods: A total of 30 PC samples with IIn (group E) and 30 PC samples without them (group C) were studied. These groups were ...
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Background & Objective: To study the immunophenotype of prostate cancer (PC) with the presence and absence of intraluminal inclusions (IIn), depending on the grade score. Methods: A total of 30 PC samples with IIn (group E) and 30 PC samples without them (group C) were studied. These groups were divided into 2 subgroups, depending on the grade of malignancy, which was determined according to the Gleason score as moderate and high-grade tumors. Macroscopic analysis, hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry (androgen receptors, p53 and Bax proteins, Hsp70 and Hsp90, CD68, VEGF, OSN, MMP-1) were used. Results: The expression level of VEGF was higher in the more differentiated tumors of the control group (P<0.01). Increased expression of prognostic-adverse markers p53 (in the presence of IIn, P<0.01) and MMP-1 (P<0.05) was observed. Also, a higher level of OSN expression was found in PC tissue with IIn (P<0.01) due to its participation in the processes of biomineralization. The expression level of CD68 and Bax protein was higher in the PC group with IIn (both P<0.01). Furthermore, Hsp90 had a significantly lower expression level in the PC of group E (P<0.05). Conclusion: the presence of IIn in the PC samples of group E promotes tissue remodeling with mechanical trauma, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis development. The presence of IIn in PC leads to the increase of OSN, CD68 and Bax expression and decrease of Hsp90 and VEGF expression. High expression of p53 and MMP-1 and low expression of OSN and VEGF was identified as a characteristic of high-grade tumors.
Azadeh Sadat Nazouri; omolbanin asadpour; Shahriar Dabiri; Bahram Pourseyedi; Mohamad reza Lashkarizadeh; Hamid Zeinalyneghad
Abstract
Background & objective: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in females. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and its product sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are the essential key regulator molecules in breast cancer through their ability to promote cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell ...
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Background & objective: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in females. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and its product sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are the essential key regulator molecules in breast cancer through their ability to promote cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and lymphagiogenesis. SPHK1 is overexpressed in multiple types of cancer including breast cancer and is associated with resistance to treatment. The current study aimed at investigating the expression of SPHK1 in estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) negative in comparison to ER, and PR positive breast cancer and their normal controls, and also finding the relationship between SPHK1 expression and high body index (BMI) in the selected groups with breast cancer. Methods: A total of 120 human breast cancer tissue specimens were analyzed for SPHK1 expression using quantitative real–time polymerase chain reaction (q RT-PCR) assay. Detection of hormonal status of breast cancer tissue samples was conducted by immunohistochemical assay. Result: The current study findings showed that the level of SPHK1expression in the breast cancer tissue was significantly higher in patients with estrogen and progesterone negative receptors, compared to the ones without them (P-value< 0.05). The obtained data confirmed that the obesity in patients with ER negative was higher than the ones with positive receptors (BMI> 25). Conclusion: The current study showed that expression of SPHK1gene was higher in the patients with ER and PR negative breast cancer and high BMI, compared with other groups.
Microbiology
Roghayeh Teimourpour; Amineh Sadat Tajani; Vahid Reza Askari; Sina Rostami; Zahra Meshkat
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2016, , Pages 222-230
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, designing new and effective therapeutics is of great importance. The aim of the current study was to construct a DNA vaccine containing ...
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Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, designing new and effective therapeutics is of great importance. The aim of the current study was to construct a DNA vaccine containing structural proteins of HCV and evaluation of its expression in a eukaryotic system. Methods: Structural proteins of HCV (core, E1, and E2) were isolated and amplified from JFH strain of HCV genotype 2a using PCR method. The PCR products were cloned into pCDNA3.1 (+) vector and finally were confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing. The eukaryotic expression of the vector was confirmed by RT-PCR. Results: Recombinant vector containing 2241bp fragment of HCV structural genes was constructed.The desired plasmid was sequenced and corresponded to 100% identity with the submitted sequences in GenBank. RT-PCR results indicated that the recombinant plasmid could be expressed efficiently in the eukaryotic expression system. Conclusion: Successful cloning of structural viral genes in pCDNA3.1 (+) vector and their expression in a eukaryotic expression system facilitates the development of new DNA vaccines against HCV. A DNA vaccine encoding core-E1-E2 antigens was designed. The desired expression vector can be used for further attempts in the development of vaccines.
Nasser Ghaemian; Sepideh Siadati; Novin Nikbakhsh; Mohaddeseh Mirzapour; Hanieh Askari; Samaneh Asgari
Volume 8, Issue 4 , October 2013, , Pages 241-246
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is one of the methods of breast biopsy which is fast, easy and cost effective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance rate between pathologic results of sonography ...
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Background and Objectives:Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is one of the methods of breast biopsy which is fast, easy and cost effective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance rate between pathologic results of sonography or stereotaxy guided FNAB and guided core needle biopsy (CNB) in the evaluation of breast lesions.
Materials & Methods: During December 2010 until March 2011, 36 female patients with 37 breast lesions referred to FNAB and CNB with the guide of sonography in 35 lesions and with the guide of stereotaxy in 2 lesions. The kappa statistic used to calculate the concordance coefficient.
Results: The concordance rate between guided – FNAB and guided – CNB was 93% with using kappa coefficient. In 5 patients, subjected to breast surgery, malignancy was reported as well as in guided-FNAB or guided-CNB.
Conclusion: Because of high concordance between these two techniques in the assessment of breast lesions, guided FNAB is recommended in the first step. Guided-CNB can be reserved for lesions with insufficient pathology results by guided-FNAB.
Narges Izadi-Mood; Soheila Sarmadi; Hossein Sadidi
Volume 9, Issue 4 , October 2014, , Pages 263-267
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Tumor diathesis (TD) is defined as granular proteinaceous precipitates on slide surface of cytologic smears. It is found in the background of smears of invasive carcinoma but not in all cases. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of TD in cervicovaginal ...
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Background & Objectives: Tumor diathesis (TD) is defined as granular proteinaceous precipitates on slide surface of cytologic smears. It is found in the background of smears of invasive carcinoma but not in all cases. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of TD in cervicovaginal smears from patients with uterine cervix carcinoma.
Methods: Cytological smears and histological slides from the Department of Pathology, Women Hospital, Tehran, Iran, of forty six patients histologically confirmed carcinoma of uterine cervix from 1995 to 2003 were reviewed for presence of TD, red blood cells, and neutrophils on cytological smears as well as depth of invasion, histologic types and grade of differentiation of tumor.
Results: TD was detected in 28 of the 46 smears (60.9%); in 18 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (62.1%), 7 adenocarcinoma (58.3%), 2 adenosquamous carcinoma (66.7%) and one endometrial carcinoma which involved uterine cervix. TD was seen in 4 (33.3%) uterine cervix carcinoma with 5mm depth of invasion and 17 (65.4%) uterine cervix carcinoma with ≥ 5mm depth of invasion. There was a positive correlation between the presence of TD and the depth of invasion. Although an important criterion of malignancy, TD, was absent in some cases of carcinoma, particularly those that had < 5mm depth of invasion.
Conclusion: Increasing in depth of invasion and decreasing in differentiation of the tumor were associated with increasing in frequency of TD in cytological smears. A definite distinction between an intraepithelial lesion and a shallow invasive cancer may not be possible on cervicovaginal smears.
Neuropathology
Maryam Mohebbi; Mansoureh Shokripour; Maral Mokhtari
Abstract
Background & Objective: Brain tumors are the most frequent solid tumors in children. High-grade tumors are more challenging in diagnosis. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) may be mistaken for other high-grade brain tumors. Molecular genetic analysis of ATRT has shown deletion and mutation in ...
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Background & Objective: Brain tumors are the most frequent solid tumors in children. High-grade tumors are more challenging in diagnosis. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) may be mistaken for other high-grade brain tumors. Molecular genetic analysis of ATRT has shown deletion and mutation in the hSNF5/INI1 gene in most of the cases. The INI1 protein expression can be helpful for the accurate diagnosis.Methods: In this study, immunohistochemical staining (IHC) using INI1 antibody was performed to determine the possibility of ATRT misdiagnosis. Totally, 147 tumors including 6 ATRTs, 81 medulloblastomas, and 60 other CNS tumors were examined in children between 0 and 17 years old.Results: No nuclear staining was found in the six ATRT cases, while most of other CNS tumors demonstrated nuclear staining. Five cases were previously diagnosed with medulloblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), and anaplastic oligodendroglioma, while the diagnoses were changed to ATRT based on the re-evaluation of the H&E slides and INI1 study. Additionally, two cases were recurrent tumors whose features were consistent with those of ATRT. The INI1 immunostaining was negative in these cases.Conclusion: INI1 was very helpful in distinguishing ATRT from its mimickers in challenging cases. All known ATRT cases in this study were immunonegative for INI1. Thus, INI1 is recommended to be used in the initial IHC panel for the high-grade brain tumors, especially in children under the age of three years, so that they can benefit from intensified therapeutic regimens.
Sabuj Ghana Mukhopadhyay; Krishnendu Mukherjee; Asim Kr. Manna
Abstract
Background: Definite data regarding the incidence and distribution of renal tumours in eastern India is not known. For better management, as it is essential to identify patients with poor prognosis, prognostic factors like stage, nuclear grade and their relationship to molecular markers are also unclear ...
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Background: Definite data regarding the incidence and distribution of renal tumours in eastern India is not known. For better management, as it is essential to identify patients with poor prognosis, prognostic factors like stage, nuclear grade and their relationship to molecular markers are also unclear in this region. The purpose of our study was to assess the spectrum of adult renal tumours with respect to age and sex and to correlate Fuhrman nuclear grading with Ki-67 labeling index in a tertiary care hospital in eastern India.
Methods: All adult patients with kidney tumour referred to our hospital who were preoperatively diagnosed and undergone surgical resection were included. Distribution of histological subtypes of kidney tumours according to age and sex were done by Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. Fuhrman grading, performed by ocular morphometry and derivation of Ki-67 labeling index (LI), were done in malignant cases only. Correlation of Fuhrman grading and KI-67 LI were done individually.
Results: Among total 36 cases, 3 were benign and 33 were malignant. Among the malignant cases: Fifteen, twelve, four and two cases were of Fuhrman grade I, II, III, IV with mean Ki67 labeling index of 6.5, 18.2,44 and 76 respectively. Statistical correlation between mean Ki-67 LI and Fuhrman grading revealed significant correlation between Grade I and II, II and III and combined Grade I,II and III,IV tumours.
Conclusion: Malignant Kidney tumours, especially, grade I RCC were commonest tumour. Fuhrman grading correlated well with Ki-67 labeling index. A 2-tier system for grading is proposed for better correlation with proliferation.
Hematopathology
Shaghayegh Rostami Yasuj; Narges Obeidi; Gholamreza Khamisipour; Zeynab Gharehdaghi; Zivar Zangeneh
Abstract
Background & Objective: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease that arises from various mutations in B or T-lymphoid progenitors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region of protein-coding genes. Dysregulation of miRNA expression ...
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Background & Objective: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease that arises from various mutations in B or T-lymphoid progenitors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region of protein-coding genes. Dysregulation of miRNA expression may result in the development of cancerous phenotypes. Therefore, for the first time in this field, the present study aims to investigate the effect of overexpression of miR-506 in Jurkat (acute T cell leukemia) cell line. Methods: In this study, Jurkat cell lines were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium. Next, miR-506 was transfected with concentrations of 50 and 100 nM with Lipofectamine 2000. The accuracy of the transfection was confirmed by the transfection of siRNA conjugated with FITC. 48 h after transfection, the cells were prepared for other tests (flow cytometry, MTT assay, and RNA extraction). The expression level of miR-506 in the cells was analyzed using the quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Finally, SPSS 21 software was used for the data analysis. Results: According to our results, the viability of cells in concentrations of 50 and 100 nM was significantly higher than the control group. By overexpression of miR-506, the expressions of pro-apoptotic genes (p53, p21) and anti-apoptotic gene B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) are decreased and increased, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that miR-506 may function as an oncogenic miRNA in the T- ALL cell line. In conclusion, overexpression of miR-506 leads to an increase in viable cancer cells.
Molecular Pathology
Amir Hossein Jafarian; Melika Kooshki forooshani; Farzane Farzad; Nema Mohamadian Roshan
Abstract
Background & Objective: In Triple-Negative Breast Cancers (TNBCs), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2/neu genes are not expressed. Fibroblastic Growth Factor Receptor-1 (FGFR1) gene product is a protein that acts as a receptor of thyrosin kinase. It plays a role in the proliferation, ...
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Background & Objective: In Triple-Negative Breast Cancers (TNBCs), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2/neu genes are not expressed. Fibroblastic Growth Factor Receptor-1 (FGFR1) gene product is a protein that acts as a receptor of thyrosin kinase. It plays a role in the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of malignant cells. The objective was to evaluate the possible relation between FGFR1 over-expression and amplification in TNBCs and other clinicopathological variables. Methods: In this cross sectional study, purposive sampling was used to collect eighty-four TNBC specimens from mastectomy specimens collected between 2013 and 2017. Tissue microarrays were evaluated for FGFR1 over-expression and amplification respectively by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The needed clinical and paraclinical information were obtained from patients’ files. To analyze the correlation among prognostic factors, we used a wide range of different statistic methods, namely Chi-square test, independent t-test, Fisher's exact test, and ANOVA. Result: FGFR1 over-expression was found in 15 of the 84 samples (17.9%). FGFR1 gene amplification was observed in 33.3% (28 of 84) of the samples. We found no association between FGFR1 and clinicopathological parameters, including tumor grade, stage, and patient survival (P>0.005). Conclusion: FGFR1 over-expression and amplification may not be related to clinicopathological parameters, namely age, stage, and grade of the cancer not to mention TNBC survival. Using FGFR1 as a prognostic factor in TNBCs requires further study.
Fatemeh Teimoorian; Mohammad Ranaei; Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki; Javad Shokri Shirvani; Zeinab Vosough
Volume 13, Issue 3 , July 2018, , Pages 325-332
Abstract
Background and objective: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in the world, especially in the developing countries. This bacterium is the cause of many diseases such as lymphoma, gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer. According to recent reports, ...
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Background and objective: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in the world, especially in the developing countries. This bacterium is the cause of many diseases such as lymphoma, gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer. According to recent reports, H. pylori infection can potentially increase the risk of colon cancer. The current study aimed at investigating the association of H. pylori infection and the risk of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps.Methods: The current study was conducted on 50 patients with colon cancer and adenomatous polyps as the case group and 100 subjects with no specific pathologies (i e, polyps, neoplasms, or inflammatory diseases) as the control group. Blood samples were collected from the patients in order to assess the presence of anti-Helicobacter pylori infection antibodies, and the serum titer levels of anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG and IgA antibodies were measured using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a kit procured by Pishtaz Teb Company (Iran).Results: A total of 33 patients in the current study had adenomatous polyps and 17 had colon cancer. H. pylori infection (IgA >20 U/mL and IgG >10 U/mL) was significantly more prevalent in the patients with colon cancer and adenomatous polyps compared with the healthy controls (P= 0.003, P= 0.039, respectively). Conclusion: The obtained results suggested that H. pylori infection can be considered as a risk factor for colon cancer and adenomatous polyps.
Microbiology
Helia Ostad Asadolah-Malayeri; Mojdeh Hakemi-Vala; Kambiz Davari
Volume 11, Issue 4 , October 2016, , Pages 345-353
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the role of efflux pump regulator and OXA-23 genes in imipenem resistance Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This study was conducted on 60 A. baumannii isolates collected from patients admitted to the ...
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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the role of efflux pump regulator and OXA-23 genes in imipenem resistance Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This study was conducted on 60 A. baumannii isolates collected from patients admitted to the Shahid Motahari and Taleghani Hospitals in Tehran during 2013-14. Antibiotic susceptibility tests (AST) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth micro dilution methods according to CLSI 2014 guidelines. The frequency of efflux pump adeRS and OXA-23 genes were detected by PCR and further sequencing. Results: The resistance of A. baumannii isolates to tested antibiotics was 100% to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, cefepime, piperacillin, meropenem, co-trimoxazole and piperacillin/tazobactam, 97% to imipenem, 94% to gentamicin, 83% to amikacin, 76% to tetracycline, and 0.0% to colistin. The MIC of 58 (96.6%) strains to imipenem was highly decreased in the presence of efflux pump inhibitor (PaβN), by 4 to 64 folds. The adeR and adeS genes were detected in 36 (60%) and 59 (98.3%), respectively and the frequency of OXA-23 gene was 57 (95%) of isolates. Conclusion: Existence of adeRS and OXA-23 genes in more than 50% of A. baumannii isolates in this study shows the presumptiverole of efflux pump in simultaneous of carbapenemase production. Therefore, using new strategies are required in order to stop the vertical or horizontal exchanges mentioned genes from the resistant A. baumannii isolates to sensitive strains.
