Novin Nikbakhsh1; Masomeh Bayani; Sepideh Siadati
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Sputum smear staining for acid-fast bacilli is initial approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) but more than 50% of cases are sputum smear-negative. This study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) guided bronchoalveolar ...
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Background and Objectives: Sputum smear staining for acid-fast bacilli is initial approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) but more than 50% of cases are sputum smear-negative. This study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) guided bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients suspected to have tuberculosis. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 290 sputum smear-negative patients who were clinically suspicious for PTB in 2006-12. All patients were subjected to FOB andBAL, then BAL specimens stained and cultured. Results: Of the 290 patients, 173 cases (59.7%) were men and 117 cases (40.3%) were women with the age of 52.6±19.1 years (ranged 20-76 years). Of the total 290 BAL specimens, 110 specimens (38%) were positive for acid-fast bacilli. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV was 60%, 91%, 89% and 64%, respectively. Also, LR+ and LR- was 64.6% and 0.44%, respectively. Conclusion: FOB guided BAL is a reliable, rapid and useful method for establishing the diagnosis of smear negative PTB with minimal complications.
Amir Sohrabi; Massoud Hajia
Abstract
Background: The accuracy of diagnostic assays in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genital infection and cervical cancer has remained a clinical challenge in diagnosis. Evidence indicates that a large proportion of cervical cancer can be prevented through organized care for HPV and testing. Countries ...
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Background: The accuracy of diagnostic assays in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genital infection and cervical cancer has remained a clinical challenge in diagnosis. Evidence indicates that a large proportion of cervical cancer can be prevented through organized care for HPV and testing. Countries with low per capita income, such as Iran and its neighbours, have no national organized program for cervical cancer screening and vaccination. The aim of this study was to review recent published papers in this region for evaluating the efficacy of released data regarding HPV genotyping system in genital infections and cervical cancer Methods: Investigating various medical search engines retrieved 46 reports, mostly after 2010, consisting of either home brew protocols or commercial technologies in this field. Results: Summarized results demonstrated that except a few cases, all reports were limited studies performed in confined populations focusing on attending patients at clinics for regular checkups. In the present study, 52.8% of papers were from Iran and the rest belonged to other countries. The rate of HPV infection was reported in the range of 0.62% to 25% in the normal population, while it varied from 18.75% to 100% in females with cervical cancer. In HPV genotyping surveys, only 26.1 % (12/46) of reports had validated and World Health Organization (WHO) proficient procedures. Also, multiple infections were not mentioned in 56.52% (25/46) of researches. Conclusions: Employing reliable genotyping methods is the best way for regular screening of cervical cancer related to HPV and precancerous diseases in females of these areas. The focus of most surveys was to come up with the best national policies for establishing a preventive program in Iran and Persian Gulf area.
Microbiology
Fahimeh Safarnezhad Tameshkel; Mohammad Hadi Karbalaie Niya; Zahedin Kheyri; Davood Azizi; Farzin Roozafzai; Samaneh Khorrami
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Iran, as a developing country, is experiencing high burdens of Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-associated non-communicable diseases. Hp stool antigen test (HpSA) is widely used as an inexpensive and feasible noninvasive method to diagnose Hp infection, instead of invasive approaches. ...
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Background and Objectives: Iran, as a developing country, is experiencing high burdens of Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-associated non-communicable diseases. Hp stool antigen test (HpSA) is widely used as an inexpensive and feasible noninvasive method to diagnose Hp infection, instead of invasive approaches. The current study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic and predictive values of HpSA test for Hp infection in Iranian patients with dyspepsia. Materials and methods: The current cross sectional study was performed on 100 patients with dyspepsia. Gastric mucosal specimens were taken, processed, and examined according to the standard protocols. Simultaneously, stool samples were obtained and sent to laboratory for further analyses. Hp stool antigen titers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results:Stool antigen titers were not associated with gender (P-value=0.284), but correlated to age (r=0.213, P-value=0.034).Considering0.385 as a cutoff point, the HpSA test had 80.4% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity. Conclusion: Based on cost-effectiveness of HpSA test, the current study findings corroborated the use of HpSA test to detect and follow-up patients with Hp infection, as an alternative method to detect Hp rather than invasive procedures.
GI, Liver & Pancreas Pathology
maryam Rezaee; Elmira Gheytanchi; Zahra Madjd; Mitra Mehrazma
Abstract
Background & Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. The main causes of death in patients are recurrence and metastasis which are mainly attributed to the small subpopulation of cells within tumors called cancer stem cells (CSCs). This ...
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Background & Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. The main causes of death in patients are recurrence and metastasis which are mainly attributed to the small subpopulation of cells within tumors called cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the expression of AHDL1 and CD133 as CSC associated markers and clinicopathological characteristics in CRC.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 483 CRC tumor samples were immunohistochemically stained for detection of CD133 and ALDH1 markers. Correlations of marker expression with clinicopathological factors were also evaluated.Results: There was a significant correlation between the luminal intensity of CD133 and neural invasion (p =0.05) and between the cytoplasmic intensity of CD133 and metastasis (p =0.05). In terms of H-score, a positive significant relation was observed between cytoplasmic expression of CD133 and lymph node (p =0.02), neural (p =0.04) and vascular invasion (p =0.02). The ALDH1 cytoplasmic expression showed a significant correlation with tumor size (p =0.001).Conclusion: Our findings showed that increased expression of CD133 and ALDH1 is associated with tumor progression and worse outcomes in CRC patients. These markers can be good candidates for localized targeting of CSCs using antibodies. Future researches need to be improved approaches for early detection of CRC, and treatment monitoring for CRC and other cancers.
Microbiology
Faezeh Ghasemi; Sina Rostami; Maryam Sadat Nabavinia; Zahra Meshkat
Volume 11, Issue 1 , January 2016, , Pages 41-46
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for the development of cervical neoplasia. Infection with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is a major risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. The virus encodes three oncoproteins (E5, E6 and E7), of which, the E7 oncoprotein ...
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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for the development of cervical neoplasia. Infection with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is a major risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. The virus encodes three oncoproteins (E5, E6 and E7), of which, the E7 oncoprotein is the major protein involved in cell immortalization and transformation of the infected cells. The aim of the current study was to develop Michigan Cancer Foundation 7 (MCF7) cells, which could stably express E7 protein of HPV type 16. Methods: E7 gene of HPV type 16 was introduced into MCF7 cells by Lipofectamine 2000 reagent and the transfected cells were treated with G418 antibiotic. After antibiotic selection of the transfected cells, stable expression of E7 gene of HPV16 was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Antibiotic selections of transfected cells were performed and transfected cells were alive in cytotoxic concentration of the antibiotic. RNA was extracted from transfected cells and E7 gene of HPV16 was amplified by RT-PCR method and a 350-bp band corresponds to E7 was observed. Conclusion: Results confirmed the stable transfection of cells. The stably transfected cells can be used as a useful tool in future studies on HPV16 and cancers caused by this virus.
Head and Neck Pathology
Dalia Nabil Abdelhafez; Maram Mostafa Ayoub; Samira A. Mahmoud; Hala M. El-hanbuli
Abstract
Background & Objective: One of the most prevalent endocrine system cancers is papillary thyroid carcinoma, with complicated predisposing factors and pathogenesis. YAP1 (Yes-associated protein 1) is a well-known oncogene; its activity is increased in a variety of human malignancies and has recently ...
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Background & Objective: One of the most prevalent endocrine system cancers is papillary thyroid carcinoma, with complicated predisposing factors and pathogenesis. YAP1 (Yes-associated protein 1) is a well-known oncogene; its activity is increased in a variety of human malignancies and has recently been paid great attention. The present study examines YAP1 and P53 immunohistochemical expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma and investigates the association of their expression with the available clinicopathological risk factors to assess their possible prognostic role.Methods: The current study used paraffin blocks of 60 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma, which were immunohistochemically assessed for YAP1 and p53 expression. The study examined the association of their expression with clinicopathological characteristics.Results: YAP1 expression was observed in 70% of papillary thyroid carcinoma cases. A statistically significant relation was observed between YAP1 expression and tumor size, tumor stage, tumor focality, lymph node metastases, and extrathyroidal extension (P-values were =0.003, > 0.001, 0.037, 0.025, and 0.006), respectively. p53 expression was observed in 85% of papillary thyroid carcinoma cases. A statistically significant relation was observed between p53 expression and tumor size (P=0.001) and tumor stage (P>0.001). A statistically significant relation was noticed between YAP1 and P53 expression (P=0.009).Conclusion: YAP1 expression was found to be associated with many high-risk clinicopathological characteristics in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and with p53 expression; thus, it seems that YAP1 may have a specific impact on the patient's outcome.
Uropathology
Manish Shetty; Deepa Sowkur Anandarama Adiga; Chaithra GV
Abstract
Background & Objective: Penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an extremely rare malignancy. It is usually caused by chronic human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and HPV 18 infections. This study was conducted to investigate the immunohistochemical overexpression of p16, a surrogate marker for HPV, and ...
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Background & Objective: Penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an extremely rare malignancy. It is usually caused by chronic human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and HPV 18 infections. This study was conducted to investigate the immunohistochemical overexpression of p16, a surrogate marker for HPV, and to evaluate its usefulness as a potential diagnostic biomarker.Methods: In this cross-sectional prospective and retrospective cohort study, 56 penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) specimens and five penile premalignant specimens were evaluated in Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India, from January 2013- December 2018 in terms of clinical and histopathological features. Immunohistochemical expression for p16 in cases and controls was evaluated. Statistical comparison of p16 expression among clinical features, histological subtype, grade, and stages of tumor were done.Results: Analysis of the pattern of p16 staining showed diffuse and strong nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in 32.8% of cases. There was a highly significant association (P<0.001) of pattern of p16 expression among the HPV and non-HPV subtypes of penile carcinoma. p16 expression was not significantly associated with other prognostic parameters like the site of lesion, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, histologic grade, and pathologic stage.Conclusion: The expression of p16 would be a useful tool in the discrimination between the HPV-associated and non-HPV-associated subtypes of penile SCC that helps to predict the aggressiveness and invasive potential of the respective histologic subtypes.
Hossein Ayatollahi; Tayebeh Kianoush; Mohammad Khajeh Daluee
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2006, , Pages 65-68
Abstract
Background and Objectives: For total analytical error, imprecision (SD) and bias, performance goals for laboratory tests have most often been developed. A total analytical error goal requires that the combination of errors from all sources (random and systematic errors) be within some acceptable limit. ...
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Background and Objectives: For total analytical error, imprecision (SD) and bias, performance goals for laboratory tests have most often been developed. A total analytical error goal requires that the combination of errors from all sources (random and systematic errors) be within some acceptable limit. Materials and Methods: Fifty vials of sodium and potassium standards (Sandos Company) were chosen. Then, the concentration of sodium and potassium in these standards were daily measured using flame photometry for 50 days at biochemistry laboratory (Ghaem hospital, Mashhad). Thereafter, the mean, standard deviation, random and systematic analytical errors, and total analytical error from these values were calculated. Results: The systematic and random analytical errors for standard specimens using flame photometry method for sodium and potassium are με (Na) = 0.36, με (k) = 0.012, σε (Na) = 0.69 and σε (k) = 0.11 respectively. Meanwhile, the total analytical error of flame photometry for measurement of sodium and potassium was 1.74 mM/l and 0.232 mM/l respectively. Conclusion: In this study, it was found out that flame photometry system has good precision and accuracy and its total analytical error for measuring of sodium and potassium are within the acceptable range.
Mehdi Mahmoudzadeh; Forouzan Ganji; Shahla Taheri
Volume 2, Issue 2 , April 2007, , Pages 67-70
Abstract
Background and Objective: Patients with thalassemia major have an abnormality in hemoglobin synthesis and ineffective hematopoiesis and for this reason with respect to disease severity should receive one or more fresh blood unit every 15-30 days. Since transfusion of blood products has been known as ...
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Background and Objective: Patients with thalassemia major have an abnormality in hemoglobin synthesis and ineffective hematopoiesis and for this reason with respect to disease severity should receive one or more fresh blood unit every 15-30 days. Since transfusion of blood products has been known as one of the routes of HIV infection, therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of HIV infection in thalassemic patients under transfusion in Hajar hospital in 2006. Materials and Methods: Descriptive strategy of this study was conducted on 73 serum samples from patients with thalassemia major as referrals of Hajar hospital. In this respect, HIV-Ab of the samples was assessed using ELISA method. For each patient, information including age, gender, and date of 1st blood transfusion were collected. The presence or absence of HIV1 and/or HIV2 antibodies was determined with regard to absorption cut-off value. HIV-Positive samples with absorption greater than 0.8 were further studied using PCR. Results: Out of 73 studied patients, 36 and 37 cases were male and female respectively. The mean age of patients was 10.3 ± 4.9 years. All of the patients had blood transfusion from 1991.The prevalence of HIV-positive in these patients was 0%. Conclusion: This result can be attributed to probably low incidence of HIV in blood donors and precise screening of blood products by Blood Transfusion Organization.
Shahram Saberi; Zahra Safai Naraghi; Ali Granser; Vahid falah azad
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2011, , Pages 73-78
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The molecular genetic of the human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) has now been characterized the pathogenesis of kaposi sarcoma (KS). This study attempted to determine the rate of HHU-8 infection in KS in an Iraniann cross sectional study. Method & material: In this ...
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Background and Objectives: The molecular genetic of the human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) has now been characterized the pathogenesis of kaposi sarcoma (KS). This study attempted to determine the rate of HHU-8 infection in KS in an Iraniann cross sectional study. Method & material: In this cross-sectional study, we used paraffin-embedded specimens of 54 clinically well-characterized kaposi sarcoma cases. Routine streptavidin- biotin- peroxidase immunostaining with diaminobenzidine was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue of 54 KS cases using a monoclonal antibody directed against the c-terminum of the latent nuclear antigen-1 molecule of HHV-8 (colone 13B10; Novocastra) at 1:50 dilution. Result: Positive HHV8 nuclear staining was detected in the nuclei of the spindle cells and endothelial cells of the vascular channels in about 88.9%. (48/54) of all cases and in 90.56% (48/53) of cases with presence of residual tumor in specimen (1 of 54 paraffin blockes has no residual tumor). HHV8 was detected in higher percentage in plaque and nodule stage rather than patch stage with p=0.035. HHV 2 was detected in lesser percentage in lesion of hand and trunk rather than other sites with p=0.042. There was no significant difference in HHV8 positivity between the presence of HHV8 and age, gender and history of immunosuppression. Conclusion: Immunohistochemical detection of LANA HHV-8 is helpful in diagnosis of suspicious cases of KS, specially in lesion of plaque and nodule stage that are not located only in hand or trunk.
Maryam Amini; Mozhgan Bahador; Maryam Bahador
Volume 4, Issue 2 , April 2009, , Pages 75-79
Abstract
Background and Objective: Bacterial meningitis is an important cause of mortality and long-term neural morbidity. Immediate diagnosis and treatment are necessary in appropriate time. This study was designed in Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman to evaluate meningitis causes, frequency and CSF laboratory ...
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Background and Objective: Bacterial meningitis is an important cause of mortality and long-term neural morbidity. Immediate diagnosis and treatment are necessary in appropriate time. This study was designed in Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman to evaluate meningitis causes, frequency and CSF laboratory changes. Patients and Methods: In this retrograde descriptive study from September 2003 to September 2005, documents of all the hospitalized patients with diagnosed meningitis in Afzalipour Hospital of Kerman, southeast of Iran were studied. Findings: During this period, 126 patients were hospitalized . The age average was 15.2 ± 5.2 yr. Males were more than females (69% vs 31%) & 64% were children.Majority of patients were admitted in winter (42.9%) followed by spring (31%) . 9.5% had viral meningitis . 89.5% of patients with bacterial meningitis had negative CSF culture . Positive culture included 6 cases of haemophilus influenzae type B , 3 cases of pneumococcal and 3 cases of meningococcal. Average level of glucose in CSF in positive culture group was less than negative culture group (22.5mg/dl vs 53.5mg/dl) . All positive culture patients had pro>100mg/dl and WBC>1000/mm3. Conclusion: 10.5% of patients had positive culture, which might suggest that there were some errors in microbial cultures done in this hospital. More prevalence of meningitis in children was similar to other studies. The most common cause was haemophilus influenzae , so Iranian children vaccination should be considered.
Noushin Afshar Moghaddam; Parvin Mahsoni; Amir Pooyan Tabibi
Volume 3, Issue 2 , March 2008, , Pages 75-80
Abstract
Objective: To review Her-2/neu and Tp53 status and their correlation with all other prognostic clinicopathologic features of infiltrative ductal breast carcinomas. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on 139 patients with infiltrative ductal breast carcinoma who were ...
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Objective: To review Her-2/neu and Tp53 status and their correlation with all other prognostic clinicopathologic features of infiltrative ductal breast carcinomas. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on 139 patients with infiltrative ductal breast carcinoma who were diagnosed between May 2000 and March 2006 at the surgery and pathology departments of Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Immunostaining (IHC) for Tp53 and Her2/neu were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues based on an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. The relationship of these markers with clinicpathologic parameters including age, axillary lymph nodes status, tumor size and histological grade were evaluated. Results: It was found out that Her2/neu-positive cases were greater among metastatic lymph nodes than in patients without metastasis, however it was not significant (p=0.1). A significant association was also observed between Her2/neu status and tumor grading (p=0.01). On the contrary, no association was found with other clinicpathologic parameters. In this study, Tp53 presentation in high-grade carcinomas was significantly more as compared to low grade ones (p=0.03). A significant association was also observed between Tp53 and tumor size (p =0.01). There was no association with menopausal status and lymph node status. Conclusion: IHC determined that Her-2/neu and Tp53 expressions are not associated with nodal and menopause status. Conversely, a correlation was found between Her-2/neu, Tp53 expressions and high histological grade of tumor. However, to validate these findings, long-term prospective studies on patients’ survival are necessary.
Saeed Rezaei-Zarchi; Aisha Javed; Madiha Javeed Ghani; Safieh Soufian; Fatemeh Barzegari Firouzabadi; Abdolmajid Bayanduri Moghaddam; Seyed Hossein Mirjalili
Volume 5, Issue 2 , March 2010, , Pages 83-89
Abstract
Background: and Objectives:The aim of this study was to detect the antibacterial properties of 0.01, 0.5 and 1% nano-TiO2 and -CdO against E. coli. Materials and Methods: E. coli was cultured in liquid and agar nutrient medium to evaluate the antibacterial effects of 0.01, 0.05 and 1% of both ...
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Background: and Objectives:The aim of this study was to detect the antibacterial properties of 0.01, 0.5 and 1% nano-TiO2 and -CdO against E. coli. Materials and Methods: E. coli was cultured in liquid and agar nutrient medium to evaluate the antibacterial effects of 0.01, 0.05 and 1% of both nano-TiO2 and -CdO via the optical density (OD) and log CFU/ml measurements. Results: Non-significant effect was seen for 0.01% of both nano-specimens. While, 0.05 and 1% of both nanoparticles showed considerably decreased bacterial number. A 4.5 and 1.9 times decrease in the OD value was found in the presence of 1 and 0.5% nano-TiO2, respectively(P< 0.001). 1.5 and 3.3 times decreased OD was seen in the presence of 0.5 and 1% nano-CdO, respectively, as compared to control (P<0.001). In the second study, 6.3 log CFU/ml of E. coli were present in the cultures treated with 1% nano-TiO2 and CdO at 4 ºC in water. Control E. coli cells survived for 12 days while complete cell death was seen when 1% nano-TiO2 was applied for 13 hours as compared to 1% nano-CdO, which showed complete cell death after 15 hours. In the third study, E. coli was grown in the agar medium with and without both nanoparticles and suppressed growth (4.5 and 5.6 times; P<0.001) was seen in the presence of 1% nano-CdO and -TiO2, respectively. Conclusion: In spite of the fact that both nanoparticles showed bactericidal activity, nano-TiO2 has proven to be more efficient antibacterial agent as compared to nano-CdO.
Microbiology
Kosar Jalalvand; Nasrin Shayanfar; Freshteh Shahcheraghi; Elahe Amini; Masha Mohammadpour; Pegah Babaheidarian
Abstract
Background & Objective: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is a growing concern worldwide including Iran. The emergence of this pathogen is worrying as carbapenem is one of the 'last-line' antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by multi drug resistant gram- negative bacteria. The main ...
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Background & Objective: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is a growing concern worldwide including Iran. The emergence of this pathogen is worrying as carbapenem is one of the 'last-line' antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by multi drug resistant gram- negative bacteria. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this study, all positive isolates of Enterobacteriaceae recorded in blood, urine, and other body fluids were studied during April 2017 to April 2018 in a referral hospital in Tehran. All cases of resistance to carbapenems were first tested by modified Hodge test. All cases with positive or negative test, after gene extraction, were examined genotypically based on the primers designed for the three Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), and OXA-48 genes by conventional PCR method. Result: 108 isolates (13.6%) were resistant to all cephalosporins as well as to imipenem and meropenem. In a genotypic study, including 45 isolates, 13 isolates were positive for OXA-48 gene, 11 isolates for OXA-48 and NDM genes, 11 isolates for OXA-48, NDM and KPC genes, 4 isolates for OXA-48 genes and KPC, 3 isolates for NDM, one isolate for KPC. On the other hand, two isolates were negative for all three genes examined. Conclusion: OXA-48 gene was one of the most common genes resistant to carbapenems in Iran. According to studies, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Iran is rising dramatically, which reduces the choice of antibiotics to treat severe infections in the future.
Maryam Sotoudeh Anvari; Mohammad Ali Boroumand; Mahmood Sheikhfathollahi; Leila Pourgholi; Hamidreza Goodarzynejad
Volume 7, Issue 2 , April 2012, , Pages 92-100
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hyperuricemia has been formerly studied mostly in healthy people in western countries. We tried to examine the relationship betweenhyperuricemia and MetS in an Iranian population undergoing coronary angiography.
Materials ...
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Background and Objectives: The association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hyperuricemia has been formerly studied mostly in healthy people in western countries. We tried to examine the relationship betweenhyperuricemia and MetS in an Iranian population undergoing coronary angiography.
Materials and Methods: From March 2008 to September 2008, we studied 465 patients (260 men, 55.9%) undergoing elective coronary angiography due to symptoms related to coronary artery disease. The MetS was defined according to the adapted Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III A), and hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid concentrations ≥ 7.0 mg/dl in men and ≥ 6.0 mg/dl in women. For the statistical analysis, the statistical software SPSS version 13.0 and the statistical package SAS version 9.1 were applied
Results: The mean age of the study population was 59.66 ± 10.04, ranging from 31 to 85 years. Hyperuricemia was detected in 231 (49.7%) of total population, in 126 (54.5%) of men, and in 105 (45.5%) of women. In the multivariable adjusted model, subjects with MetS and subjects with 5 components of the MetS compared to those without any components of the MetS, had 1.56-fold and 4.19-fold increased odds of hyperuricemia, respectively. Hyperuricemia was significantly associated with elevated BP and low level of HDL-cholesterolbut not with other components of MetS.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that hyperuricemia was strongly associated with the prevalence of MetS according to adapted ATP III guidelines in an Iranian sample of patients undergoing coronary angiography.
Hossein Ayatollahi; Maliheh Hasanzade; Mahdi Farzadnia; Mahdi Khabbaz Khoob; Atefeh Rahmanian
Volume 2, Issue 3 , June 2007, , Pages 100-104
Abstract
Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the level of plasma high sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in preeclampsia and to compare hs-CRP levels between normal pregnant women, mild preeclamptic, and severe preeclamptic women. Materials and Methods: Serum hs-CRP levels were ...
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Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the level of plasma high sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in preeclampsia and to compare hs-CRP levels between normal pregnant women, mild preeclamptic, and severe preeclamptic women. Materials and Methods: Serum hs-CRP levels were investigated in 40 cases of normal pregnant women, 37 cases with mild preeclampsia and 38 cases with severe preeclampsia in the third trimester of pregnancy. Venous blood samples were collected at admission to the hospital at least 6h before delivery for measurement of hs-CRP by immuno turbidometric method. The student t-test was used for comparison of proportions. Results: There were significant difference in the means serum hs-CRP between normal pregnant women and mild preeclamptic women (P<0.05). Serum concentration of hs-CRP were significantly higher in severe prceclampsia (p<0.05) than normal pregnancy. There were also significant differences in hs-CRP levels between mild and severe preclampsia (P<0.05). Conclusion: We found higher levels of hs-CRP in mild and severe preeclampsia than normal pregnancy and also these results suggest that hs- CRP are increased more in severe preeclamsia than mild preeclampsia , and may be useful in prediction and diagnosis of the severity of preeclampsia.
Akbar Safaei; Mohamad Reza Farzaneh; Sadat Noori
Volume 8, Issue 2 , April 2013, , Pages 104-109
Abstract
Background and Objective: Failure to thrive (FTT) is a sign that describes a particular problem rather than a diagnosis and explain growth failure or more advanced failure to gain weight appropriately. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and type of chromosomal abnormalities ...
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Background and Objective: Failure to thrive (FTT) is a sign that describes a particular problem rather than a diagnosis and explain growth failure or more advanced failure to gain weight appropriately. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and type of chromosomal abnormalities in patients presented with FTT.
Materials and Method: One hundred FTT cases with clinical impression of having chromosomal abnormality referred for cytogenetic study during a period of 5 years (2007-2011) with age range from 5 month to 15 years. Chromosomal analysis was carried out for them. The standard protocol for peripheral blood lymphocyte culture was followed by metaphase chromosome preparation and conventional analysis of G-banded chromosomes. All analyses were performed using the SPSS soft ware package, version 18.
Result: Fifteen cases showed karyotypic abnormality. The most common karyotype abnormality was aneuploidy resulted from monosomy of the chromosome X in girls.
Conclusion: Turner syndrome with various forms of chromosomal complement is the most common chromosomal abnormality causing growth failure in girls.
Neha Modak; Sandhya Tamgadge; Avinash Tamgadge; Sudhir Bhalerao
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a condition where excessive deposition of dense collagen fibers occurred in the connective tissue of oral mucosa. An alteration of collagen necessitates an in depth understanding of collagen in oral tissues as no breakthrough studies have ...
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Background & Objectives: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a condition where excessive deposition of dense collagen fibers occurred in the connective tissue of oral mucosa. An alteration of collagen necessitates an in depth understanding of collagen in oral tissues as no breakthrough studies have been reported. Therefore the aim was to correlate the clinical, functional and histopathological staging and to analyze the polarization colors and thickness of the collagen fibers in different stages of OSMF using picrosirius red stain under polarizing microscopy so as to assess the severity of disease. Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology at Padm. Dr. D. Y Patil Dental and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India (2012-13). A sample size was of a total 40 subjects, of which 30 patients had OSMF, and 10 were in control group. Clinical, functional and histopathological staging were done depending upon definite criteria. Collagen fibers were analyzed for polarizing colors and thickness. Further clinical, functional and histopathological stages as well as qualitative parameters of collagen fibers were compared. Results: The correlation between clinical and functional staging was not significant (P>0.05) whereas the comparison of the functional staging with histopathological staging was more reliable (P<0.01) as an indication to the severity of the disease rather than clinical staging. One-way ANOVA analysis showed highly significant correlation between functional staging and polarization colors and thickness of collagen fibers (P<0.001). Conclusion: The qualitative change in the collagen fibers of OSMF patients using polarized microscopy would help to assess its role in diagnostic evaluation, to determine the prognosis of the disease as well as to provide useful predictive treatment modalities to them.
Bahare Zihayat; Mohsen Basiri; Farzad Doostishoar; Majid Asadi-Shekaari
Volume 9, Issue 2 , April 2014, , Pages 113-116
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Biological scaffold resources composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) have been shown to make easy the practical remodeling of various tissues in both animal and human studies. The goal of current study was to make sheet form of ECM from sheep’s urinary bladder.
Methods: ...
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Background and Objectives: Biological scaffold resources composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) have been shown to make easy the practical remodeling of various tissues in both animal and human studies. The goal of current study was to make sheet form of ECM from sheep’s urinary bladder.
Methods: ECM was extracted from Sheep’s urinary bladder according to standard method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied in order to analyze the ultrastructure of the extracted matrix.
Results: Matrix was formed by irregular and fiber like particles.
Conclusion: Sheep’s urinary bladder matrix may be used as an accessible and suitable source of ECM extraction.
Seyed Mohammad Bagher AkhaviRad; Ali Davati; Mohammad Reza Jalali Nadoushan; Mehdi Abedini
Volume 1, Issue 3 , June 2006, , Pages 113-116
Abstract
Background and Objective: Wilms’ tumor has been recognized as the most common primary malignancy of kidney at childhood, comprises 5-6% of tumors in this period, and manifests itself with various clinical symptoms. Since there have been no sufficient studies in this field in Iran, therefore, this ...
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Background and Objective: Wilms’ tumor has been recognized as the most common primary malignancy of kidney at childhood, comprises 5-6% of tumors in this period, and manifests itself with various clinical symptoms. Since there have been no sufficient studies in this field in Iran, therefore, this study was conducted to investigate its histopathology and clinical symptoms. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on existing data from 66 children with a diagnosis of Wilms’ tumor at children hospital during the years 1984-1999. In this regard, personal and disease-related characteristics of patients including age, gender, tumor stage, histopathology, and involved kidney were evaluated and SPSS software and Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and Mann- Whitney U test were used for data analysis. Results: The most common age of disease incidence was 2-4 years. In this regard, girl/boy ratio was 1.5. Meanwhile, the prevalence of an abdominal mass as the most common symptom was 83.3%. Left kidney was involved in 47% of cases and 55 of patients had a favorable histology. In addition, there was a significant correlation between site of kidney involvement and tumor histology (p<0.005). Conclusion: Considering the achieved advances in the diagnosis and treatment of Wilms’ tumor, prompt identification with regard to clinical symptoms can have a valuable role in its effective management.
Alireza Abdollahi; Hedieh Moradi Tabriz; Ebrahim Razmpa
Volume 4, Issue 3 , June 2009, , Pages 118-122
Abstract
Background and Objective: Approximately 45% of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) occur in head and neck regions. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are less common and only 8-15% of these tumors occur in head and neck region. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the ...
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Background and Objective: Approximately 45% of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) occur in head and neck regions. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are less common and only 8-15% of these tumors occur in head and neck region. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the demographic characteristics, pathologic findings, locations, main clinical presentations and family history of these tumors in head and neck regions. Patients and Methods: In a cross sectional and retrospective study, we analyzed head and neck peripheral nerve sheath tumors in patients who referred to Amir-Aalam Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences for 10 years (1996 to 2005). Results: There were 113 cases with a kind of nerve sheath tumor; the female/male ratio was 1.09. The frequency of schwannoma, neurofibroma and MPNST was 66.37%, 30.1% and 3.53%, respectively including 39 cases of acoustic neuroma, 18 cases of cervical nerve trunk involvement, 12 cases of facial nerve involvement, 11 cases of the 10th cranial nerve PNST and only one case of cervical sympathetic nerve involvement. Conclusion: Schwannomas are the most common types of PNSTs seen in head and neck regions, and aucoustic neuroma comprises the majority of them. About 25- 45% of extracranial schwannomas also occur in head and neck regions that usually present a slow growing of the mass lesion and various mass effects. Although neurofibroma and MPNSTs are less common, they must be kept in mind as differential diagnoses of other benign and malignant lesions in this region.
Elham Taheri; Shahriar dabiri; Manzoomeh Shamsi Meymandi; Ebrahim Saedi
Abstract
Background & Objective: There is a complicated interaction between leishmaniasis and the host immune cells, and also between the host immune cells. These interactions have fundamental effects on the outcome of the disease. The current study aimed at characterizing the number, distribution, co-localization, ...
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Background & Objective: There is a complicated interaction between leishmaniasis and the host immune cells, and also between the host immune cells. These interactions have fundamental effects on the outcome of the disease. The current study aimed at characterizing the number, distribution, co-localization, and interrelation of 4 types of inflammatory cells in different clinical forms of dry-type cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Methods: Thirty-nine cases of CL were studied. The cases were classified clinically as 14 cases of acute leishmaniasis with indurated papules, nodules, and plaques with central crust formation < 2 years, 7 cases of chronic type with non-healing lesions > 2 years, and 12 cases of lupoid leishmaniasis with characteristic papules around previous scars of CL > 2 years. Paraffin-embedded blocks were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and also stained immunohistochemically for CD4, CD8, CD68, and CD1a. Results: In acute CL, there was a significant correlation between CD68+ macrophages and CD1a+ epidermal dendritic cells (DCs); the population of CD68+ macrophages and CD1a+ epidermal DCs increased in parallel. In lupoid CL, there was a significant correlation between CD1a+ epidermal DCs, and CD1a+ dermal DCs and population of CD1a+ epidermal DCs; the number of CD1a+ dermal DCs increased in parallel. Conclusions: The result of the current study could be used as a baseline to design and study the new targeted therapy of synergistic effects of macrophages and DCs to phagocytizing leishmania bodies; and/or suggestion planning of individualizing setup of vaccine by autologous interaction of macrophages and DC in CL.
Maliheh Khoddami; yassaman Khademi; Maryam Kazemi Aghdam; Haleh Soltanghoraee
Volume 11, Issue 2 , April 2016, , Pages 120-126
Abstract
Background: Presence of discordance between the Gleason score on needle biopsy and the score of radical prostatectomy specimen is common and universal. In this study, we determined the accuracy of Gleason grading of biopsies in predicting histological grading of radical prostatectomy specimens and the ...
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Background: Presence of discordance between the Gleason score on needle biopsy and the score of radical prostatectomy specimen is common and universal. In this study, we determined the accuracy of Gleason grading of biopsies in predicting histological grading of radical prostatectomy specimens and the degree of overgrading and undergrading of prostatic adenocarcinoma in our center, which is one of the referral centers in Tehran. Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed the results of prostate needle biopsies and subsequent prostatectomies diagnosed at the Pathobiology Laboratory Center, Tehran, Iran in 45 patients between 2002 and 2013. Preoperative clinical data and theinformation from biopsy and prostatectomy specimens were collected.The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of different grades and groups were assessed. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to determine the relation of different variables. Results: The biopsy Gleason score was identical to the scores in prostatectomy specimens in 68.2% cases, while 31.8% were discrepant by 1 or 2 Gleason score. We had 9.1% downgrading and 22.7% cases upgraded after prostatectomy. The sensitivity and positive predictive value was 86% and 79% for low grade, 67% and 75% for moderate grade, and 80% and 80% for high-grade tumors, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, the reliability of Gleason grading of needle biopsies in predicting final pathology was satisfavory. Moderate grade group was the most difficult to diagnose in needle biopsy.
Oral Pathology
Savita S Thakkannavar; Veena V Naik
Abstract
Background and Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the collagen fibers qualitatively and its correlation with microvascular density in various grades of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Material and Methods: The present study comprised of total 40 cases of oral submucous fibrosis. Picrosirius ...
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Background and Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the collagen fibers qualitatively and its correlation with microvascular density in various grades of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Material and Methods: The present study comprised of total 40 cases of oral submucous fibrosis. Picrosirius red staining was done on all the specimens’ sections. They were analyzed for the colour and orientation of collagen fibers. Morphometric measurements were done using image analysis on immunohistochemical stained sections for Factor VIII-related antigen and analyzed for microvascular density. Results: Picrosirius red polarizing microscopy results revealed that there was a shift in the colour of collagen fibers from greenish yellow to orange red and red colour as the severity of the oral submucous fibrosis increased. The collagen fibers showed mixed orientation in early oral submucous fibrosis and parallel orientation in advanced oral submucous fibrosis. There was a significant decrease in microvascular density from early to advanced oral submucous fibrosis. Conclusion: The change in the colours and orientation of collagen fibers in early and advanced oral submucous fibrosis could be attributed to the fibre thickness, type of collagen, alignment and packing, cross-linking of the fibers and the section thickness. However, in advanced cases the vascularity is reduced which may predispose to epithelial atrophy and subsequent malignant changes.
Neuropathology
Seyed Abbas Tabatabaei Yazdi; Masoomeh Safaei; Mehran Gholamin; Alireza Abdollahi; Fatemeh Nili; Mehdi Jabbari Nooghabi; Kazem Anvari; Majid Mojarrad
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignancy of the brain, the prognosis of which is poor. Immunotherapy with cancer/testis (CT) antigens is a novel therapeutic approach for glioblastoma. This study aimed to investigate the expression rate of MAGE-E1, GAGE, and SOX-6 ...
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Background & Objectives: Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignancy of the brain, the prognosis of which is poor. Immunotherapy with cancer/testis (CT) antigens is a novel therapeutic approach for glioblastoma. This study aimed to investigate the expression rate of MAGE-E1, GAGE, and SOX-6 in glioblastoma tumors using the immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Materials & Methods: Expression of MAGE-E1, GAGE, and SOX-6 were determined by IHC in 50 paraffin blocks of glioblastoma. The results were compared between variables including age, gender, tumor location, and Karnofsky performance status (Kps) score. Survival analysis was also performed. Results: The expression levels of SOX-6, MAGE-E1, and GAGE were 82%, 78%, and 76%, respectively. The relationship between CT antigens and age, gender, and tumor location was not significant, while the association between MAGE-E1 expression and age was statistically significant (p =0.002). High expression levels of SOX-6 and MAGE-E1 were associated with low Kps scores (p =0.034 and p <0.001, respectively). Survival analysis showed that age >40 and Kps score p =0.005 and p =0.018, respectively). Expression of MAGE-E1 and GAGE was negatively associated with overall 2-year survival (p =0.001 and p =0.021, respectively). Conclusion: The expression of all the three CT antigens, especially MAGE-E1 and SOX-6, was high in patients with glioblastoma. It can be concluded that these markers are ideal targets for immunotherapy in these patients. MAGE-E1 and SOX-6 can be considered as important markers in determining the prognosis of glioblastoma.
