Mahjabin Taklif; Maryam Abolhasani
Volume 2, Issue 1 , January 2007, , Pages 33-36
Abstract
Background and Objective: Neurofibromas occur as solitary and multiple forms. The solitary ones are extraneural and more common, histologically exhibiting spindle cells with wavy nuclei, scattered among collagen fibers. Multiple neurofibromas are seen in neurofibromatosis (types I and II), including ...
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Background and Objective: Neurofibromas occur as solitary and multiple forms. The solitary ones are extraneural and more common, histologically exhibiting spindle cells with wavy nuclei, scattered among collagen fibers. Multiple neurofibromas are seen in neurofibromatosis (types I and II), including intraneural (plexiform, cutaneous deep circumscribed) and extraneural (cutaneous, deep diffuse) variants and various combinations of the above mentioned forms. In reviewed literature, solitary localized neurofibromas are mentioned to affect the genders equally, most develop in persons between the ages 20 and 30 years and evenly distribute over the body surface. Since Hazrat Fatemeh hospital is the referral center of dermatology, it seemed that evaluation of patients with neurofibroma within 11 years could be helpful. Materials and Methods: The present study included 53 patients with neurofibromas who referred to department of pathology of Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital during the years 1994-2005. Their lesions were diagnosed as neurofibromas by the pathologist. Lesions were categorized into solitary or multiple neurofibromas, then sex and age distributions and the involved areas were compared in each group. Results: In solitary group, neurofibromas were distributed in order of frequency over face (48%), upper extremities (13%), scalp, trunk, and lower extremities each one 9%, and neck (4%). The frequencies of distribution for neurofibromatosis were face (40%), upper extremities (23%), trunk, and lower extremities each one 14%, and scalp and neck each one 6%. Solitary neurofibromas of face, trunk, and upper extremities predominated in females, but lesions of scalp, neck, and lower extremities were more common in males. In contrast, neurofibromatosis of face, scalp, and neck were more frequent in males, the reverse was true for lesions of trunk and extremities. The peak incidence of solitary neurofibroma was within the ages of 15 and 30 years. In comparison, the peak incidence of neurofibromatosis was between 9 and 13 years. One third of neurofibromatosis developed plexiform neurofibromas, but no single case was observed in solitary group. None of the solitary or multiple neurofibromas were transformed to malignancy up to the time of current study. Conclusion: The solitary neurofibromas of head (p<0.04) and multiple neurofibromas of face (p= 0.04) were more prevalent in males, while multiple neurofibromas of upper extremities (p<0.03) were more frequent in females. Age distribution of solitary neurofibromas as compared to references and lower incidence age of neurofibromatosis in the study were in concordance with references.
Biology & Genetic
shaghayegh Arabi; Mostafa Moghadam; Vida Maleki; Ali Akbar Pourfatholah; Afsaneh Aghaie
Abstract
Background & Objective:Dangerous O is very important to transfusion medicine and there has been reports by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regarding some death relating incidences. As high iso-antibody production is closely associated with different immune reactions, a survey on the different ...
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Background & Objective:Dangerous O is very important to transfusion medicine and there has been reports by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regarding some death relating incidences. As high iso-antibody production is closely associated with different immune reactions, a survey on the different immune response of dangerous O donors can lead to understanding their immune response profile. Objectives were to assess different immune responses in dangerous O cases.Methods:Two groups of donors were selected after performing titration as a high titer (>512) and non-high titer (<128). Then CBC, CD markers, total immunoglobulin, complement assay, anti-VZV, -CMV, -EBV, -HSV, -Rubella, -Toxoplasma gondii, -HBV, -ASO, total protein and albumin, protein electrophoresis, lymphocyte proliferation, and gene expression of INF-gamma, IL2/4/10 were evaluated on both study groups.Results & Objective:Total IgG, IgM, and IgA was higher in high titer group. Moreover, after using PHA and LPS, gamma globulins and lymphocyte proliferation were significantly higher in high titer cases. Real-time PCR also showed higher IL-2 production in high titer group. Identification of high responder’s characteristics can be efficient in many complications. Moreover, high titer donors are dangerous for transfusion medicine. This pilot study showed differences in immune responses between HR and LR O blood donors for the first time. So, other aspects of the immune system such as genetic differences can be surveyed.
Alireza Abdollahi; Saeed Shoar; Hiva Saffar; Hana saffar; Azita Yazdi
Volume 9, Issue 1 , January 2014, , Pages 38-44
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Infection of pleural fluid is a common disease and because of antibiotic administration, the microbiology of this fluid has changed. The aim of this study was to determine the common bacteria and suitable antibiotics for treatment in pleural effusion (PE).
Materials ...
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Background and Objectives:Infection of pleural fluid is a common disease and because of antibiotic administration, the microbiology of this fluid has changed. The aim of this study was to determine the common bacteria and suitable antibiotics for treatment in pleural effusion (PE).
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 1210 samples with exudative features were cultured for possible growth of microbial pathogens and then examined for antibiotics sensitivity. Samples’ characteristics were then analyzed according to the age and sex difference.
Results: Among 1210 exudative pleural effusions, 38.2% were obtained from females and 61.8% from males. Of 142 pleural fluid samples, 11.7% had a positive culture. Aerobic gram negative organism was the most common type among the other samples with a prevalence of 52% followed by aerobic gram positive (25.3%), non- aerobic gram negative (15.7%), non- aerobic gram positive (6.2%) and fungi (0.8%). E. coli, Staphylococcus Aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii were the most common types of organism among adult population.
Conclusion:Aerobic gram positive bacteria had the highest prevalence among the pathogens, and cephalosporins, aminopenicillins and β-lactams were the most effective antibiotics for their treatment.
Raphael Hart Lyngdoh; Sumanth Devaraju; Leena JB
Volume 8, Issue 1 , January 2013, , Pages 45-47
Abstract
Hamartomatous polyps of the palatine tonsil are very rare. They have been variously termed as a lymphangiectatic fibrous polyp, lipoma, pedunculated tonsil etc. in the English literature. We present here a case of hamartomatous polyp of the tonsil occurring in a 32-year-old male who presented ...
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Hamartomatous polyps of the palatine tonsil are very rare. They have been variously termed as a lymphangiectatic fibrous polyp, lipoma, pedunculated tonsil etc. in the English literature. We present here a case of hamartomatous polyp of the tonsil occurring in a 32-year-old male who presented with bilateral enlarged palatine tonsils with recurrent tonsillitis. Surgical excision showed two pale brown nodular tissue bits, larger measuring 4x3x1 cm and smaller measuring 3.5x2.5x1.5 cm. An irregular pedunculated polypoidal tissue measuring 1.5x1x0.8cm was seen attached to the smaller mass, the cut surface of which showed pale white, lobulated areas. On histological examination, the polyp showed lining by stratified squamous epithelium and was composed of fibrocollagenous stroma with many dilated blood vessels, adipocytes, subepithelial lymphoid aggregates and benign mucinous glands suggestive of a hamartomatous polyp. Both the tonsils showed features of chronic tonsillitis.
Pandey Pinki; Dixit Alok; Aggarwal Ranjan; Mahajan Nanak Chand
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an established out- patient procedure used in primary diagnosis of palpable thyroid lesions. A modified technique fine needle capillary sampling (FNCS) obviates the need of suction, is less painful, patient friendly and reported to ...
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Background and Objectives: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an established out- patient procedure used in primary diagnosis of palpable thyroid lesions. A modified technique fine needle capillary sampling (FNCS) obviates the need of suction, is less painful, patient friendly and reported to overcome the problem of inadequate and bloody specimens. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and quality of FNCS with that of conventional FNAC in the lesions of thyroid. Methods: One hundred patients, presenting between January 2011 to December 2012 at Cytopathology Department of M M Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, with diffuse and nodular thyroid lesions were enrolled with both the techniques being executed on the patients, beginning with FNA followed by FNCS. The smears were scored using five objective parameters i.e. background blood, cellular material, cellular degeneration, cellular trauma, and retention of appropriate architecture, in a single blind setting by a cyto-pathologist. The results were analyzed using Student’s test for paired data and chi- square analysis. Results: A highly significant differences (P<0.001) in favor of FNCS was observed for the background blood, cellular material and retention of architecture while total score favored FNA for cellular degeneration and degree of cellular trauma. Total scores and average score per case for FNCS was significantly better (P<0.001) than FNA. FNCS technique yielded more diagnostically superior and lesser number of unsatisfactory smears whereas greater number of diagnostically adequate samples was obtained by FNA technique. Conclusion: FNCS offers more number of diagnostically better quality smears. Both techniques could be supplementary on many occasions and substitutive on a few. Combination of the two techniques could offer better diagnostic accuracy.
Dermatopathology
Parvin Rajabi; Mitra Hydarpoor; Ahmadreza Maghsoudi; Fatemeh Mohaghegh; Maryam Dehghani Mobarakeh
Abstract
Background & Objective: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common skin cancer arising from the basal layer of the epidermis and its appendages. They are locally invasive, aggressive, and destructive of skin and the surrounding structures. β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein located to the ...
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Background & Objective: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common skin cancer arising from the basal layer of the epidermis and its appendages. They are locally invasive, aggressive, and destructive of skin and the surrounding structures. β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein located to the intracellular side of the cytoplasmic membrane coded by the CTNNB1 gene, which maps to chromosome 3p22.1. It has a critical role in cell-to-cell adhesion by linking cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton and has a central role in transcriptional regulation in the Wnt signaling pathway. We evaluated the diagnostic value of the Beta catenin immunohistochemistry marker in distinction of aggressive and non-aggressive Basal cell carcinoma.Methods: This cross sectional and descriptive-analytical study was done on archived formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks in pathology library of Al-Zahra hospital in Isfahan city. We used immunochemistry to determinate the role of β-Catenin in aggressiveness in BCC with higher rate of relapse.Results: A total of 76 samples were evaluated in two groups (aggressive &none aggressive). The mean percentage of cytoplasmic β-Catenin staining in aggressive group was more significant than the other group (sensitivity: 86.8% specificity: 81.6%, PPV: 81.5% and NPV: 86.1%) and the mean percentage of membranous β-Catenin staining in non-aggressive group were significant more than the aggressive group. Intensity of membranous staining in both groups significant less than normal epithelium.Conclusion: Cytoplasmic β-Catenin staining in aggressive BCC is more significant than non-aggressive subtypes, so this indicates that the use of β-Catenin IHC marker maybe helpful in the diagnosis of aggressive BCC.
Microbiology
Shadi Shahsavan; Parviz Owlia; Abdolaziz Rastegar Lari; Bita Bakhshi; Maliheh Nobakht
Abstract
Background: Shigella spp. are gram negative bacteria, which are of global public health importance. The growing of multidrug-resistant Shigella isolates are a major problemaround the world. Methods: Overall, 50 isolates of Shigella spp. from children diarrheic stools were studied. ...
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Background: Shigella spp. are gram negative bacteria, which are of global public health importance. The growing of multidrug-resistant Shigella isolates are a major problemaround the world. Methods: Overall, 50 isolates of Shigella spp. from children diarrheic stools were studied. The isolates were identified and confirmed using biochemical, serological and molecular methods (ipaH, wbgZ and rfc genes). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines against minocycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Also, the role of efflux pump in defense of Shigella against tetracycline was investigated by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) with and without an efflux pump inhibitor. Detection of tetA, tetB, tetC and tetD genes in Shigella was evaluated by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and real time PCR. Results: Molecular identification revealed a prevalence of 14% for Shigella flexneri and 86% for Shigella sonnei. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 90% of resistant isolates was changed in the presence CCCP.Results of conventional PCR exhibited that 66% of isolates were positive for tetA, while according to real time PCR method, 90% of isolates carried tetA. Positive results for tetB were12% and 18% by conventional and real time PCR methods, respectively. No positive results were detected for tetC and tetD. Also, tetB was detected only in S. flexneri while tetA was detected in both S. flexneri and S. sonnei. Conclusion: It seems that efflux-mediated tetracycline resistance to tetracycline in S. flexneri can be related to tetB, however resistance in S. sonnei can be related to the expression of tetA.
Dermatopathology
Srabani Chakrabarti; Subrata Pal; Biplab Biswas; Kingshuk Bose; Saswati Pal; Swapan Pathak
Volume 11, Issue 1 , January 2016, , Pages 54-60
Abstract
Background: Granulomatous dermatoses are common skin pathology, often need histopathological confirmation for diagnosis. Histologically six sub-types of granulomas found in granulomatous skin diseases- tuberculoid, sarcoidal, necrobiotic, suppurative, foreign body & histoid type. The aims of the ...
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Background: Granulomatous dermatoses are common skin pathology, often need histopathological confirmation for diagnosis. Histologically six sub-types of granulomas found in granulomatous skin diseases- tuberculoid, sarcoidal, necrobiotic, suppurative, foreign body & histoid type. The aims of the present study were clinico-pathological evaluation of granulomatous skin lesions and their etiological classification based on histopathological examination. Methods: It was a five years (Jan 2009- Dec 2013) retrospective study involving all the skin biopsies. Detailed clinical and histopathological features were analyzed and granulomatous skin lesions were categorized according to type of granuloma & etiology. Special stains were used in few cases for diagnostic purpose. Results: Among 1280 skin biopsies, 186 cases (14.53%) were granulomatous skin lesions with a ratio 1:24. In histopathological sub-typing, tuberculoid granuloma was most common type (126 cases, 67.74%). Most common etiology of granuloma in the study was leprosy (107 cases, 57.52%). Other etiologies were cutaneous tuberculosis, foreign body granulomas, fungal lesions, cutaneous leishmaniasis, sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare. Conclusion: Histopathology is established as gold standard investigation for diagnosis, categorization and clinico-pathological correlation of granulomatous skin lesions.
Microbiology
Mohsen Nakhaie; Hoorieh Soleimanjahi; Hamid Reza Mollaie; Seyed Mohamad Ali Arabzadeh
Abstract
Background and objective:Millions of people in developing countries lose their lives due to acute respiratory infections, such as Influenza A & B and Adeno viruses. Given the importance of rapid identification of the virus, in this study the researchers attempted to design a method that enables detection ...
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Background and objective:Millions of people in developing countries lose their lives due to acute respiratory infections, such as Influenza A & B and Adeno viruses. Given the importance of rapid identification of the virus, in this study the researchers attempted to design a method that enables detection of influenza A, B, and adenoviruses, quickly and simultaneously. The Multiplex RT PCR method was the preferred method for the detection of influenza A, B, and adenoviruses in clinical specimens because it is rapid, sensitive, specific, and more cost-effective than alternative methods Methods:After collecting samples from patients with respiratory disease, virus genome was extracted, then Monoplex PCR was used on positive samples and Multiplex RT-PCR on clinical specimens. Finally, by comparing the bands of these samples, the type of virus in the clinical samples was determined. Results:Performing Multiplex RT-PCR on 50 samples of respiratory tract led to following results; flu A: 12.5%, fluB: 50%, adeno: 27.5%, negative: 7.5%, and 2.5% contamination. Conclusion: Reverse transcription-multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, a rapid diagnostic tool, has potential for high-throughput testing. This method has a significant advantage, which provides simultaneous amplification of numerous viruses in a single reaction. This study concentrates on multiplex molecular technologies and their clinical application for the detection and quantification of respiratory pathogens. The improvement in diagnostic testing for viral respiratory pathogens effects patient management, and leads to more cost-effective delivery of care. It limits unnecessary antibiotic use and improves clinical management by use of suitable treatment.
Biology & Genetic
Narjes Soltani; Farzaneh Mirzaei; Hossein Ayatollahi
Abstract
Background & Objective: Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation in females of reproductive by age 16 when the development of secondary sexual characteristics is evident (breast development, pubic hair) or by age 14 when there are no secondary sexual characteristics are present. Primary ...
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Background & Objective: Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation in females of reproductive by age 16 when the development of secondary sexual characteristics is evident (breast development, pubic hair) or by age 14 when there are no secondary sexual characteristics are present. Primary amenorrhea can occur in several quite different reasons. Common hormonal causes of primary amenorrhea include constitutional delay, hypothalamic or pituitary disorders, chronic systemic disease, and primary ovarian insufficiency, some endocrine gland disorders, and other causes. Previous studies suggested that chromosomal abnormality is the second most common cause of amenorrhea. This report aims to measure the prevalence of the chromosomal abnormality in primary amenorrhea (PA) patients in the northeast of Iran.Methods: Chromosomal study was carried out on 200 patients with clinical features. The standard method for culturing peripheral venous blood lymphocyte was to prepare metaphase chromosomes and perform routine GTG band analysis.Results: The results revealed that 71% of PA had normal female karyotype (46,XX) and 29% showed different chromosomal abnormalities. The chromosomal abnormalities can be categorized into seven primary groups with or without mosaicism. 1- The most common karyotype was X chromosome aneuploidy (10.5%, n=21), 2- Male karyotype with or without structural abnormality of Y chromosome (5.5 %, n=11), 3- Mosaicism of turner karyotype and structural anomalies of X chromosome (4%, n=8), 4- Structural anomalies of the X chromosome (3.5%, n=7), 5- Mosaicism of turner karyotype and normal karyotype (3%, n=6), 6- Mosaicism of turner karyotype and male karyotype (1.5%, n=3) and 7- Super female karyotype (1%, n=2).Conclusion: The present study has emphasized that early cytogenetic and timely investigation can be necessary for the evaluation of primary amenorrhea.
Biology & Genetic
Ali Zare-Mirzaie; Shamim Mollazadehghomi; Seyed Mohammad Heshmati; Amirhosein Mehrtash; Shabnam Mollazadehghomi
Abstract
Background & Objective: Telomere-related tumorigenesis mechanisms in the salivary gland, including mutation in the promoter region of TERT, have been rarely investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the mutation in the promoter region of TERT in benign and malignant salivary ...
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Background & Objective: Telomere-related tumorigenesis mechanisms in the salivary gland, including mutation in the promoter region of TERT, have been rarely investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the mutation in the promoter region of TERT in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors.Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. Tissue samples of 54 patients with primary salivary gland tumors sent to the pathology department of Rasool-e-Akram Hospital from September 2017 to September 2021 were examined. Fifteen samples including two groups of the most common benign tumors (n=5; 3 pleomorphic adenomas and 2 Warthin tumors) and four groups of the most common malignant tumors (n=10; 3 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 3 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 2 acinic cell carcinoma, and 2 salivary duct carcinoma) were selected. The promoter region of TERT, including well-known hot spot regions, is sequenced using the Sanger sequencing method. Data were analyzed using statistical software R version 4.1.2.Results: Of 15 salivary gland tumor specimens, consisting of 5 benign tumors and 10 malignant tumors after DNA sequencing, TERT promoter region mutation was only seen in one of the adenoid cystic carcinoma samples, located at -146 bp upstream from ATG (chr5: 1,295,250 C>T).Conclusion: TERT promoter mutation was not different in malignant and benign salivary tumors. Nonetheless, there are a few studies that report TERT promoter mutation in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland, necessitating the need for further investigations.
Breast Pathology
Andreas Andrianto; I Ketut Sudiana; Desak GA Suprabawati
Abstract
Background & Objective: Breast cancer recurrence after surgery was a sign that the progress of the disease was continuing. Early detection of breast cancer patients who are at risk requires development of a marker. Alfa smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) plays a role in the local recurrence ...
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Background & Objective: Breast cancer recurrence after surgery was a sign that the progress of the disease was continuing. Early detection of breast cancer patients who are at risk requires development of a marker. Alfa smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) plays a role in the local recurrence process of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Currently, existing tumor markers are used to predict the prognosis of breast cancer in general, not the early stages. Therefore, it was thought that finding α-SMA expression might predict early recurrence in early-stage IDC more accurately than others. This study investigated the potential role of α-SMA expression as a predictor of early recurrence in early-stage IDC and its relationship to clinicopathological factors.Methods: The study design was cross-sectional, with data obtained from the medical records of Dr. Koesnadi, General Hospital, Bondowoso, Indonesia. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed to analyze data.Results: We included 50 subjects divided into the local recurrence group (n=25) and the non-local recurrence group (n=25). We found a statistically significant correlation between the incidence of local recurrence in early-stage IDC and the high expression of α-SMA (odd ratio [OR]=23.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]=5.101-105.7, P=0.001). Clinicopathological variables and α-SMA expression did not have a significant correlation.Conclusion: In early-stage IDC, α-SMA expression had the potential to predict and could be an independent prognostic factor for early recurrence.
Mitra Heidarpour; Parvin Rajabi; Shervin Pejhan
Volume 2, Issue 2 , April 2007, , Pages 74-76
Abstract
Biliary liver flukes are common parasites in some regions of the world where consumption of raw fresh-water fish is a cultural practice. Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis species are the major biliary liver flukes associated with human disease. Some of these parasites are highly associated with cholangiocarcinoma. ...
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Biliary liver flukes are common parasites in some regions of the world where consumption of raw fresh-water fish is a cultural practice. Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis species are the major biliary liver flukes associated with human disease. Some of these parasites are highly associated with cholangiocarcinoma. This report describes a clinically and epidemiologically unsuspected liver fluke infection associated with cholangiocarcinoma in a middle aged woman from the south shores of Iran, and emphasizes the importance of efforts to discourage raw freshwater fish intake as the route of infection in high risk populations.
Mahmoud Kabiri; Mehrdad Mohammadi Sichani; Mohammad Reza Mohajery; Diana Taheri; Ali Chehrei
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2006, , Pages 75-80
Abstract
Background and Objectives: RCC is one of the most common genitourinary cancers. Accurate prediction of prognosis would be valuable for adjuvant trial design, counseling and effectively scheduling follow up visits. P53 is a tumor suppressor gene that expresses a protein that involved in both cell-cycle ...
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Background and Objectives: RCC is one of the most common genitourinary cancers. Accurate prediction of prognosis would be valuable for adjuvant trial design, counseling and effectively scheduling follow up visits. P53 is a tumor suppressor gene that expresses a protein that involved in both cell-cycle arrests after DNA damage and apoptosis. Presence of mutated p53 protein in tumors has been related to poor prognosis in several malignancies such as lung, breast and prostate cancer. There is diverging results concerning the prognostic significance of mutated p53 in RCC. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival rate of RCC and the role of inactivated p53 protein as a prognostic marker in RCC. Materials and Methods: Patients with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma were studied. Paraffin embedded specimens of patients who underwent surgery between 1994 and 2004 at our department were chosen. All specimens were reevaluated with regard to pathological stage, nuclear grade, histological subtypes and P53 expression. P53 expression was semiquantitively evaluated on paraffin-embedded tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic value of parameters was tested using Kaplan Meier plots by the log rank test and Cox regression analysis. Results: This study performed on paraffin-embedded specimens of patients with nonmetastatic RCC who underwent surgery between 1994 and 2004 at our department. The mean age was 52.64yr (SD: 13.49). Mean tumor size was 7.95cm (SD: 4.00). Pathological stage was I in18 (39.1%), stage II in 10(21.7%), stage III and IV in 18(39.1%) patients. Analysis revealed that 16 lesions were grade I (34.7%), 21(45.65%) grade 2, and 9(19.56%) grades 3and 4. The 10-year total survival of patients was 69.44%. In 28.3% of cases P53 staining was positive. In bivariate analysis tumor stage, tumor size, nuclear grade and P53 expression were not found to be significant prognostic factors. Conclusion: P53 can not be considered as a useful prognostic parameter in renal cell carcinoma.
Sara Sabery Raieni
Volume 4, Issue 2 , April 2009, , Pages 85-87
Abstract
Background and Objective: The Fallopian tube plays an essential role in tubal transportof both gametes and embryos and successful pregnancy. We assessed the histomorphological effect of smoking on the fallopian tubes in rats, in this study. Patients and Methods: Twelve female rats were divided ...
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Background and Objective: The Fallopian tube plays an essential role in tubal transportof both gametes and embryos and successful pregnancy. We assessed the histomorphological effect of smoking on the fallopian tubes in rats, in this study. Patients and Methods: Twelve female rats were divided to two groups as subjects (n=7) and controls (n=5). They have been exposed to smoke four times daily for 4 weeks. The histomorphological effect of smoking on the fallopian tubes was assessed by H&E. Results: The findings were hydrosalpinx in two cases and inflammation in one of them. There was no reduction in the number of either the ciliated cells or the cilia. Conclusion: The findings did not confirm our theory regarding smoking effect on the fallopian tubes' tissue. Further studies with electronic microscope are recommended.
Amir Hossein Jafarian; Jahanshah Salehinejad; Bahareh Joushan; Abbas Ali Omidi
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2011, , Pages 86-92
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), the most common malignant tumor of submandibular and minor salivary glands, is characterized by a high rate of local recurrence and distant hematogenous metastasis and tendency to invade peripheral nerves. In spite of radiotherapy and ...
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Background and Objectives: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), the most common malignant tumor of submandibular and minor salivary glands, is characterized by a high rate of local recurrence and distant hematogenous metastasis and tendency to invade peripheral nerves. In spite of radiotherapy and surgical treatment, the long-term prognosis is dismal. Today, many studies are being conducted using the immunohistochemical markers to help in the evaluation of ACC prognosis. The present investigation was performed to survey immunohistochemically HER2/neu over expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands. Materials and Methods: The 24 existing samples of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded specimen were stained with HER2/neu markers. Tumors with moderate (2+) to strong (3+) complete membrane staining in at least 10% of the tumor cells were scored as positive for over expression. Results: The overall frequency of over expression for HER2/neu was 45.8% and 11 specimen were positive for HER2/neu expression. A significant relationship was found between HER2/neu over expression and grade of ACC. No significant relationship was detected between immunostaining of HER2/neu and histologic pattern. Conclusion: HER2/neu immunostaining might be reliable and useful for evaluation of ACC prognosis.
Alireza Abdollahi; Issa Jahanzad; Peyman Mansuri Mehrabani
Volume 3, Issue 2 , March 2008, , Pages 88-94
Abstract
Background and Objective: In this study, we explored expression rate, some biomarkers affecting the prognosis of the breast carcinoma, and the relationship between these markers and clinicopathologic features of the disease as well as the relationship between each of these markers through a tissue ...
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Background and Objective: In this study, we explored expression rate, some biomarkers affecting the prognosis of the breast carcinoma, and the relationship between these markers and clinicopathologic features of the disease as well as the relationship between each of these markers through a tissue array technique. Materials and Methods: This study was an observational and cross-sectional study. From 100 breast samples which had been diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma, blocks were prepared through a tissue array method and were stained by monoclonal antibodies of the markers. All data were analyzed using SPSS program. Results: The appearance rate of EGF-R marker had a direct relationship with the degree of malignancy (p=0.026), metallothionein marker with the mean number of mitosis (p=0.044), sialyl-Tn marker with the macroscopic size of tumor (p=0.036), the appearance of cyclin B1 marker with the appearance of metallothionein marker (p=0.012), and the appearance rate of EGF-R marker had a reverse relationship with Nm23 (p=0.020). Conclusion: Through investigating the relationship between some biomarkers such as EGF-R and metallothionein and the clinicopathogenic features of tumor or the relationship between each marker and the other parameters, we can assess the state of invasion and metastasis process or the degree of its malignancy or determine its prognosis.
Amit Agrawal; Arvind Bhake; Nisha Meshram; Nisha c
Volume 5, Issue 2 , March 2010, , Pages 97-99
Abstract
Ancient schwannomas rarely found in the central nervous system and ancient change in an intracranial schwannoma (intracranial portion of the trigeminal nerve) is extremely rare. A seventy-year man presented with headache of 3 months duration and one episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. ...
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Ancient schwannomas rarely found in the central nervous system and ancient change in an intracranial schwannoma (intracranial portion of the trigeminal nerve) is extremely rare. A seventy-year man presented with headache of 3 months duration and one episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Imaging findings were suggestive of left temporal high grade lesion. During surgery there was well capsulated extra-axial lesion. Histology was suggestive of ancient schwannoma. Based on the literature it is suggested when the intraoperative appearance of a cerebello-pontine lesion is consistent with a schwannoma and the frozen section is suggestive of a malignant lesion, a complete excision of the lesion can be carried out.
Cytology
Fatemeh Samiee Rad; mehdi Ghaebi; Simin Zarabadipour; Arezoo Bajelan; fatemeh Pashazade; Mehri Kalhor; Amane Barikani
Abstract
Background & Objective: Premalignant lesions of cervix have increased dramatically in recent years. Early diagnosis and management of abnormalities have an effective role in preventing the invasion of the disease and also in timely treatment. This study aimed to compare diagnostic methods in the ...
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Background & Objective: Premalignant lesions of cervix have increased dramatically in recent years. Early diagnosis and management of abnormalities have an effective role in preventing the invasion of the disease and also in timely treatment. This study aimed to compare diagnostic methods in the detection of squamous cell abnormalities with abnormal Pap smear test. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1000 women with abnormal Pap smears in 2007-2018. Sampling was performed with simple method. All samples were subjected to an immediate assessment of colposcopy and histopathology if suspected. The checklist included demographic information as well as symptoms, cytopathology, colposcopy and histopathology findings. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and statistical analysis (P<0.05). Result: A significant relationship between histopathology and Pap smear findings was found (P=0.009), also there was a significant correlation between histopathology and colposcopy findings (P=0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between clinical symptoms and histopathology findings (p=0.8). Sensitivity , specificity , positive and negative predictive value of Pap smear were 43%, 65.9%, 75.4%, 32.2% and of colposcopy were 74.7%, 39.5%, 75%, 39.1%, and of clinical symptoms were 72.6%, 28.1%, 71.1%, 29.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Pap smear findings have the appropriate diagnostic accuracy in comparison with colposcopy and histopathology findings for screening and diagnosis of squamous intra-epithelial lesions. Also, there was higher sensitivity of colposcopy compared with Pap smear to detect cervical lesions. Therefore, it is advisable to use these methods simultaneously.
Farideh Ebrahimi Taj; Samileh Noorbakhsh; Hamid Reza Monavari; Azardokht Tabatabaei; Masomeh Bakhshyeh
Volume 7, Issue 2 , April 2012, , Pages 107-111
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Meningoencephalitis in Iranian children is frequent, but encephalitis is rare .The frequency of HHV-6 and HHV-7 in central nervous system diseases of our children is unclear. The aim of this study was searching the DNA-s of HHV-6 & HHV-7 in CSF samples of children with ...
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Background and Objectives: Meningoencephalitis in Iranian children is frequent, but encephalitis is rare .The frequency of HHV-6 and HHV-7 in central nervous system diseases of our children is unclear. The aim of this study was searching the DNA-s of HHV-6 & HHV-7 in CSF samples of children with meningoencephalitis
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study (2007-2009) was done in Pediatric Ward in Rasoul Hospital, Tehran Iran. Totally, 150 CSF samples obtained from children (1-180 months) with meningoencephalitis. Conventional and BACTEC Ped Plus medium, latex agglutination tests were used for ruling out the bacterial causes. We searched the DNA-s of HHV-6 & HHV-6 quantitatively by Real time - PCR in 150 CSF samples obtained from children with meningoencephalitis.
Results: 60.7 % of cases were male. Fever was reported (>38.5) in 74%; irritability in 70%; Convulsion was seen in 53% of cases. Herpes virus was detected in 12% (18/150) of cases. Both HHV-6 & HHV-7 were found in 6% of all cases. HHV-6 DNA was detected in 4.7% (6) and HHV-7 DNA was detected in 2 cases (1.4%) without any correlation to age, sex and clinical signs. HHV-6 was slightly more frequent than HHV-7.
Conclusion: Our data indicate that herpes viruses are not uncommon causes in children with meningoencephalitis. The incidence was lower than other references.
Mitra Mehrazama; Nakysa Hooman; Alireza Abdollahi; Hasan Otukesh
Volume 2, Issue 3 , June 2007, , Pages 109-114
Abstract
Background and objective: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is the most prevalent cause of children renal insufficiency which in many cases (90%) occurs following diarrhea. Hemolytic microangiopathic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal insufficiency are main symptoms of hemolytic uremic syndrome. This ...
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Background and objective: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is the most prevalent cause of children renal insufficiency which in many cases (90%) occurs following diarrhea. Hemolytic microangiopathic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal insufficiency are main symptoms of hemolytic uremic syndrome. This study aims to consider the relationship between pathologic data of nephro-biopsy and laboratory data of children suffering from the disease. Material and Methods: This study has been carried out in retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive procedures. For this purpose, 28 patients with an average age of 6 years suffering from uremic hemolytic syndrome referred to Ali Asghar Hospital over the last 10 years. Light microscopic data of glomeruli, arterioles, arteries, interstitial tissue, medullary vessels and tubules were evaluated. Laboratory data including hematology, biochemistry, and urinary tests were extracted from patients’ files. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The most prevalent damages in glomeruli were decreased capillary lumen and thickening of its wall and in arterioles were mild decrease of lumen and in artery thickening of intima and mild infiltration of inflammatory cells and mild edema in interstitial and hyperemia in vaso recta and the most prevalent pathology in tubules was the existence of cast. Significant relationship was found out between time of recovery of hematological disorders and medullary vessels congestion and reduplication of arterial inner elastic lamina and also improvement of biochemistry changes with glomerulus necrosis and leucocytes assembly in vaso recta. Arteriolar rate with creatinine serum level at discharge time was related and tubular rate with platelet count at discharging time was also related. Conclusion: Biopsy is an important tool for prognosis and det ermination of disease intensity. There was valuable statistical relationship between some laboratory data at the time of referral and pathological data which even could influence intensity or prognosis of disease.
Maryam Kadivar; Pegah Babaheidarian; Ali Zare Mirzae; Mohammadreza Fakhraie
Volume 8, Issue 2 , April 2013, , Pages 115-118
Abstract
There are few reported cases of endobronchial metastasis of pheochromocytoma literature. We present here a 56-year old woman who underwent left lower lobectomy of lung, following pneumonia with unresolved chest radiographs. Computed tomography showed a lobulated soft tissue mass, measuring, 38×27 ...
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There are few reported cases of endobronchial metastasis of pheochromocytoma literature. We present here a 56-year old woman who underwent left lower lobectomy of lung, following pneumonia with unresolved chest radiographs. Computed tomography showed a lobulated soft tissue mass, measuring, 38×27 mm, at the perivascular space of anterior mediastinum. The resected specimen, showed lobulated tumor arranged in nesting pattern within arcuate vascular network. Immunohistochemistry showed intense positive staining of epitheloid cell (chief cells) for chromogranin and synaptophysin which were negative for cytokeratin. Sustentacular cells were strongly positive for S-100. Although very rare, physicians should keep in mind the possibility of endobronchial metastasis in patients with a history of pheochromocytoma.
Zhila Torabizadeh; Farshad Naghshvar; Ali Reza Khalilian
Volume 1, Issue 3 , June 2006, , Pages 121-126
Abstract
Background and Objective: Diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) as the most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction is based on the presence of aganglionosis from seromuscular or full thickness biopsy. Due to the complication of full thickness or seromuscular rectal biopsy, mucosal-sub ...
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Background and Objective: Diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) as the most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction is based on the presence of aganglionosis from seromuscular or full thickness biopsy. Due to the complication of full thickness or seromuscular rectal biopsy, mucosal-sub mucosal biopsy is more intended. However, interpretation of these biopsies stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and even using immunohistochemical (IHC) methods such as acetylcholine esterase is often problematic. Although neuron-specific enolase staining (NSE) is an available and easy method to perform for diagnosis of HD, however, our knowledge on its specificity is not adequate. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the diagnostic value of NSE on the mucosal-sub mucosal rectal biopsy for the diagnosis of HD and the allied disorders deficit. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 65 mucosal-submucosal and 65 seromuscular rectal biopsies (standard) obtained from the patients suspected of HD and allied disorders referred to the Avicena and Shafa hospitals (Sari, Iran) from April 2003 to September 2004. Two biopsies were taken from each patient: the mucosal-submucosal biopsy was stained by NSE and H&E staining was used for seromuscular samples. The prepared slides were observed and evaluated at double blind condition and the results were compared. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, positive and negative predictive values in the diagnosis of HD in NSE method were 100%, 84.2%, 89.1%, 81.8%, and 100% respectively (p<0.05). On evaluation of hypoganglionosis, there were one false-negative and nine false-positive. Conclusion: In NSE staining, finding ganglion cell definitely rules out HD, but lack of ganglion cell confirms 81.8% of H.D cases. Thus, NSE staining on mucosal- submucosal specimens is possibly adequate for establishing the presence or absence of ganglion cells.
Alireza Azizzadeh Delshad; Mohammad Hossein Ghaini; Marjan Heshmati
Volume 9, Issue 2 , April 2014, , Pages 124-132
Abstract
Background and Objective: The management of apoptotic cell death has been considered as a putative therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In the present study we investigated the putative pro-apoptotic effect of allicin, the main garlic organosulfur component with repeatedly claimed chemopreventive ...
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Background and Objective: The management of apoptotic cell death has been considered as a putative therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In the present study we investigated the putative pro-apoptotic effect of allicin, the main garlic organosulfur component with repeatedly claimed chemopreventive potency, on the human adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 as an apoptosis resistant cell line, in vitro.
Materials and Methods: The HT29 cells were incubated with different concentrations of allicin (0-40µg/ml) and for different time periods (6-48h) to investigate its effect on cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death.
Results: Five and 10µg/ml allicin could induce a significant cell death only after 12h, whereas concentrations of 20 and 40µg/ml resulted in a significant cell loss as soon as 6h. The results of the TUNEL assay, presented as percentage of apoptotic cells to total cell loss, indicated that concentrations ≥5µg/ml significantly increased the apoptotic features in time periods 6-24h, but after 48h no significant changes could be detected. The ratio of the sum of the apoptotic features of the four studied time points to the total cell loss calculated after 48h was about 0.5.
Conclusion: Allicin can induce apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with most considerable effects achieved at 24h and by concentrations higher than 10µg/ml.
Ali Zare Mirzaei; Fatemeh Abdorrazaghi; Maryam Lotfi; Behrang Kazemi Nejad; Nasrin Shayanfar
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Colon cancer is currently of high incidence and mortality rate. Identifying the factors influencing its prognosis can be very beneficial to its clinical treatment. Recent studies have shown that lymph nodes ratio can be considered as an important prognostic factor. The aim ...
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Background & Objectives: Colon cancer is currently of high incidence and mortality rate. Identifying the factors influencing its prognosis can be very beneficial to its clinical treatment. Recent studies have shown that lymph nodes ratio can be considered as an important prognostic factor. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of this factor on the prognosis of the patients presenting with stage III colon cancer and to compare the result with the effect of lymph node stage on their prognosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 66 patients of stage III colon cancer, who met the study inclusion criteria. Patients were categorized into four groups based on Kaplan-Meier plots: LNR1 0-12%, LNR2 13-40%, LNR3 41-84% and LNR4 85-100%. Survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method, and differences analyzed by Log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: Lymph nodes ratio was a significantly variable both in overall survival (P<0.0001) and in disease-free survival (P=0.009). Lymph node stage was significant in overall survival (P=0.008) but not in disease-free survival (P=0.05). Multivariable analysis of overall survival showed lymph nodes ratio as the only independent prognostic factor. Conclusion: Lymph node ratio is a more accurate prognostic factor than lymph node stage in overall survival and, in particular, in disease-free survival in patients with stage III colon cancer.
