Breast Pathology
Aiat Shaban Hemida; Reham Ahmed Abdelaziz; Moshira Mohammed Abd El-Wahed; Nancy Youssef Asaad; Marwa Mohammed Serag El-Edien; Hend Ali Elshahat
Abstract
Background & Objective: The regulator of chromosome condensation 2 (RCC2) and RAS-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) have been implicated in the promotion of breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. The signaling pathway involving p53/RCC2/Rac1 has been proposed to contribute to ...
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Background & Objective: The regulator of chromosome condensation 2 (RCC2) and RAS-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) have been implicated in the promotion of breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. The signaling pathway involving p53/RCC2/Rac1 has been proposed to contribute to the regulation of colon cancer metastasis. However, until now, this pathway has not been thoroughly investigated in breast cancer. This study seeks to explore the influence of immunohistochemical expression and the correlation among RCC2, Rac1, and p53 in breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC).Methods: Immunostaining was performed on 120 breast IDC specimens using RCC2, Rac1, and p53 antibodies. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine the correlations between these antibodies.Results: A Positive expression of RCC2, Rac1, and p53 was observed in 116 (96.7%), 120 (100%), and 33 (27.5%) of the breast cancer cases, respectively. RCC2, Rac1, and p53 demonstrated association with poor prognostic parameters such as frequent mitoses, high Ki-67 status, positive lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and advanced tumor stage. A highly significant direct correlation was found between each immunohistochemical marker and the other two markers. Shorter overall survival was linked to multifocal tumors (P=0.017), advanced tumor stage (T3) (P=0.010), Luminal B subtype (P=0.015), progressive disease (P=0.003), positive Her2neu status (P=0.008), and metastasis to distant organs (P<0.001). However, RCC2, Rac1, and p53 did not exhibit a significant association with overall survival.Conclusion: The high expression levels of RCC2, Rac1, and p53 in breast IDC suggest their potential role in tumor behavior. The association of RCC2 and Rac1 with poor prognostic parameters may serve as predictive indicators for aggressive tumors, thus implying that targeted therapy could be beneficial in the treatment of breast cancer.
Breast Pathology
Amirhossein Jafarian; Mohaddeseh Shahraki; Samaneh Sajjadi; Behrooz Daneshmand
Abstract
Background: Breast sarcoma is a rare, but aggressive tumor. There are few case reports in the literature and several aspects of this disease are still not completely comprehended. Therefore, reporting new cases can help to enrich the literature.Case Presentation: We report a case with a breast mass and ...
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Background: Breast sarcoma is a rare, but aggressive tumor. There are few case reports in the literature and several aspects of this disease are still not completely comprehended. Therefore, reporting new cases can help to enrich the literature.Case Presentation: We report a case with a breast mass and pus secretion from her right breast, misdiagnosed as having an abscess and mistreated by antibiotics. The patient was referred for an ultrasound examination and mammography, and a needle biopsy was performed that suggested an aggressive tumor. By the pathologist’s suggestion, a total mastectomy of the right breast was performed with the excision of sentinel nodes. A pathological examination revealed high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) without vascular or lymph node invasion as the final diagnosis. The patient underwent postoperative chemotherapy and is currently in good condition.Conclusion: This case emphasizes considering this rare tumor when approaching a breast mass. Performing surgery with adequate resection margin can improve the patient’s prognosis. Some cases reporting lung and brain metastasis suggest breast UPS is a more aggressive tumor than other breast sarcomas. Total mastectomy with negative margins and free-of-tumor lymph nodes may be the key to improved prognosis in such patients.
Breast Pathology
Aida Alizamir; Sakineh Dehghan Azad; Azar Pirdehghan; Arash Moradi
Abstract
Background & Objective: Female breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies among women. The critical step in managing breast cancer is to diagnose it accurately. Hence, peripheral blood-based tests are one of the most favorable and less invasive methods to study. Recent studies investigated ...
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Background & Objective: Female breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies among women. The critical step in managing breast cancer is to diagnose it accurately. Hence, peripheral blood-based tests are one of the most favorable and less invasive methods to study. Recent studies investigated and evaluated the inflammation parameters such as neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet: lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The elevation in mentioned parameters was proposed as a key factor in cancer progression. The main goal of this study was to investigate the association of NLR, PLR, and CRP levels in patients with breast lesions.Methods: The NLR, PLR, and CRP levels were calculated from 200 female patients with either benign or malignant lesions.Results: The cut-off values of NLR, PLR, and CRP were 1.24, 96, and 10.36 mg/L, respectively. A significant difference in NLR (P<0.001), PLR (P<0.001), and CRP levels (P<0.001) were observed between the two major studied cohorts.Conclusion: Elevated NLR, PLR, and CRP levels could predict the presence of malignancy. In addition to the low cost and properties of the mentioned methods, utilization of this data could facilitate and improve clinical decision-making for treatment.
Breast Pathology
Nazanin Mirmohseni Namini; Alireza Abdollahi; Monireh Movahedi; Amirnader Emami Razavi; Reza Saghiri
Abstract
Background & Objective: This study examined the potential of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) as a marker in early diagnosis or as a prognostic factor for breast cancer (BC) patients.Methods: A total of 31 patients diagnosed with BC were enrolled in the study between 2008 and 2018. The mRNA and protein ...
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Background & Objective: This study examined the potential of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) as a marker in early diagnosis or as a prognostic factor for breast cancer (BC) patients.Methods: A total of 31 patients diagnosed with BC were enrolled in the study between 2008 and 2018. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HE4 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the BC tissue and the non-tumoral adjacent tissue. Using ELISA technique, HE4 plasma levels were also measured in 43 BC patients compared to 43 healthy individuals. The correlation between HE4 expression and clinicopathological features was then investigated.Results: An increase in HE4 expression was observed at mRNA and protein levels in the BC group compared to the control group (p <0.01, p <0.0001, respectively). In addition, the relative expression of HE4 mRNA in BC patients showed a significant correlation with the differentiation grade of cancer cells (p <0.001). Plasma levels of HE4 was also associated with grade (p <0.0001), stage, and tumor size in BC patients (for both p <0.01). Patients with metastatic BC (p <0.01), lymphatic invasion, and lymph node involvement (for both p <0.05) showed significantly higher plasma levels of HE4 expression than patients without metastasis.Conclusion: According to our findings, upregulation of HE4 is probably related to invasive BC phenotype, and measuring plasma levels of HE4 could be useful as a screening test in early diagnosis of BC.
