Document Type : Original Research
Authors
- Majid Asadi-Shekaari 1
- Hassan Eftekhar Vaghefi 2
- Masoud Ezzat Abadi pour 2
- Vahid Sheibani 1
- Ali Shams Ara 2
- Parisima Behbahani 3
1 Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
2 Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
3 Central Lab, Shahid Chamran University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
Abstract
Background and Objective: As one of the widely used drugs, aspirin (acetyl-salicylic acid, ASA) plays an important role in stroke treatment and prevention. In a previous study, we demonstrated ASA injection at 30 min after ischemia onset is neuroprotective. To determine whether the neurons protected by ASA had a normal ultrastructure, hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons were examined by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
Material and Methods: Adult male wistar rats were divided into three different groups (6 animals/group): Sham-operated, control (48 MCAO+vehicle) and aspirin (48 MCAO + ASA). ASA (30 mg/kg) was injected 30 min after ischemia onset. The animals were killed 2 days after ischemia induction and their brain removed, processed, and examined under a TEM.
Results: Apoptotic changes were observed in rats not treated with ASA. In contrast, pyramidal neuron ultrastructure appeared normal in rats that exhibited neuroprotection (defined at the light microscope level) by ASA when studied two days after ischemia.
Conclusion: We conclude that administration of ASA after permanent focal cerebral ischemia remains a considerable therapeutic strategy.
Keywords
- Lukic-Panin V, Kamiya T, Zhang H, Hayashi T, Tsuchiya A, Sehara Y, et al. Prevention of neuronal damage by calcium channel blockers with antioxidative effects after transient focal ischemia in rats. Brain Res 2007;1176:143-50.
- Hankey GJ, Berge E, Sandercock P. Anticoagulants versus antiplatelet agents for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2003;34:1571-2.
- Van Gijn J. Aspirin: dose and indications in modern stroke prevention. Neurol Clin 1992;10:193-207.
- Algra A, Van Gijn J. Aspirin at any dose above 30 mg offers only modest protection after cerebral ischaemia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996;60:197-9.
- Feldman M, Jilal I, Devaraj S, Cryer B. Effects of low-dose aspirin on serum C-reactive protein and thromboxane B2 concentrations: a placebo-controlled study using a highly sensitive C-reactive protein assay. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:2036-41.
- Decristobal J, Moro MA, Davalos A, Castillo J, Leza JC, Camarero J, et al. Neuroprotective effect of aspirin by inhibition of glutamate release after permanent focal cerebral ischaemia in rats. J Neurochem 2001;79: 456-9.
- Eftekhar Vaghefi SH, Aboli A, Sheibani V, Malekpour R, Ezzatabadypour M, Farzadifard R. Effect of aspirin on morphology of hippocampal CA1 neurons after induction of ischemia in rat. Yakhteh 2004;25: 29-34.
- Khayyam N, Thavendiranathan P, Carmichael FJ, Kus B, Jay V, Burnham WM. Neuroprotective effects of acetylsalicylic acid in an animal model of focal brain ischemia. Neuroreport 1999;10:371–74.
- Riepe MW, Kasischke K, Raupach A. Acetylsalicylic acid increases tolerance against hypoxic and chemical hypoxia. Stroke 1997;28:2006–11.
- Lancelot E, Callebert J, Revaud ML, Boulu RG, Plotkine M. Detection of hydroxyl radicals in rat striatum during transient focal cerebral ischemia: possible implication in tissue damage. Neurosci Letts 1995;197: 85–8.
- Berger C, Stauder A, Xia F, Sommer C, Schwab S. Neuroprotection and glutamate attenuation by acetylsalicylic acid in temporary but not in permanent cerebral ischemia. Exp Neurol 2008; 210:543–8.
- Tamura A, Graham DI, McCulloch J, Teasdale GM. Focal cerebral ischemia in the rat: 1. Description of technique and early neuropathological consequences following middle cerebral artery. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1981;1: 53-60.
- Garcia JH, Wagner S, Liu KF, Hu XJ. Neurological deficit and extent of neuronal necrosis attributable to middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke 1995; 26:627-35.
- Asadi-Shekaari M, Panahi M, Eftekhar Vaghefi H, Aboli Dokht Noughi Zadeh A. Ultrastructural study of neuronal death in rat hippocampus after transient and permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Yakhteh 2009;11: 23-8.
- panahi M, Asadi-Shekaari M, Kalantari Pour TP, Safavi A. Aqueous extract of date fruit extract protects CA1 neurons against oxidative injury: an ultrastructural study. Curr Topics in Nutraceutical Research 2008;6; 125-30.
- Choi DW. Ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1996;6: 667-72.
- Charriaut-Marlangue C, Ggoun-Zouaoui D, Repersa A, Ben-Ari Y. Apoptotic features of selective neuronal death in ischemia, epilepsy and gp 120 toxicity. Trends Neurosci 1996;19:109-114.
)