Iranian Journal of Pathology

Comparison of patient-collected and lab technician-collected nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for detection of COVID-19 by RT-PCR

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

Alireza Abdollahi 1
Abbas Shakoori 2
Hoda Khoshnevis 3
Mohammad Arabzadeh 4
Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi 5
Esmaeil Mohammadnejad 6
Dorsa Ghasemi 7
Maryam Safari Aboksari 7
Shaban Alizadeh 8
Vahid Mehrtash 7
Arezoo Eftekhar-javadi 7
Masoomeh Safaei 7

1 Department of Pathology, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Medical Genetic Ward, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3 Supervisor of Genetic Ward, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4 Laboratory Senior Technical Associate of Genetic Ward, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

5 Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

6 Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

7 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

8 Hematology Department, Allied medical school, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30699/ijp.2020.127312.2387
Abstract
Background & Objective:  A simple approach to prevent close contact in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 outbreak is to train patients to collect their own nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and deliver them to medical laboratories to have them processed. The aim of our study was to compare lab technician- with patient- collected oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal samples for detection of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) using rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).
Methods:  Fifty adult patients with flu-like symptoms and radiologic findings compatible with atypical pneumonia who were admitted to the infectious diseases ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran, with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 from February 28 to April 27 of 2020 were randomly selected and entered in our study. Two sets of naso- and oropharyngeal swabs were collected, one set by a lab technician and the other by the patients, and the COVID-19 rRT-PCR test was performed.
Results:  Of 50 selected cases, in seven patients all collected naso- and oropharyngeal swabs tested positive, and in 22 patients all samples tested negative for COVID-19 in rRT-PCR. Discrepancies between rRT-PCR results of lab technician- and patient-collected swabs were observed in 12 nasopharyngeal and 13 oropharyngeal specimens. Positive lab technician-collected and negative patient-collected samples were observed in 10 and 5 nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens, respectively. Negative lab technician-collected and positive patient-collected samples were observed in two and seven nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens, respectively. The overall percentage of agreement among both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs taken by a lab technician and patients was 76% with a kappa value of 0.49 (p =0.001).
Conclusion:  Based on our findings, lab technician-collected naso- and oropharyngeal swabs cannot be replaced by patient-collected ones with regard to COVID-19 rRT-PCR.

Keywords

COVID-19
Oropharynx
Nasopharynx
Real-time polymerase chain reaction
Specimen collection

Subjects

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Iranian Journal of Pathology
Volume 15, Issue 4
Autumn 2020
Pages 313-319

  • Receive Date 16 May 2020
  • Accept Date 08 June 2020

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