@article { author = {Dideban, Shiva and Abdollahi, Alireza and Meysamie, Alipasha and Sedghi, Shokouh and Shahriari, Mona}, title = {Thyroid Papillary Microcarcinoma: Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Follow-up, Histopathology and Prognosis}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {1-19}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer, accounting for 70–90% of well-differentiated thyroid malignancies. Thyroid papillary microcarcinoma is a subtype of papillary carcinoma that included tumors with less than 10mm diameter. As a result of diagnostic methods improvement, prevalence of this tumor is increasing. In this study we reviewed different characteristics of tumor. Methods: We searched various factors about this tumor in different databases (PubMed, Ovid, Google scholar, Iran medex and SID databases,July 2012 till August 2013), after that the articles were classified. Data of each article were extracted and sorted in tables.Data of each factor in different articles were summarized. Results:Etiology, clinical presentation, prognosis, histopathology, follow-up, diagnosis and also age, gender, tumor size and treatment were factors about this tumor described in details here. Conclusion: Awareness and better understanding of the characteristics of this tumor and manage it as an individual and valuable tumor can take an effective step in promoting public health practice.}, keywords = {Thyroid cancer,Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma,Thyroid microcarcinoma}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_14589.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_14589_6f72b73fcc0435b2854bc90b696e1ab0.pdf} } @article { author = {Najam, Rehana and Sherwani, Rana and Rana, Safia and Hakim, Seema and Jairajpuri, Zeeba}, title = {Clinco-Pathological Patterns in Women with Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {20-26}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The term dysfunctional uterine bleeding(DUB) refers to any abnormal bleeding from the uterus, unassociated with tumour, inflammation and pregnancy. The histological diagnosis of DUB is very essential for adequate management especially in perimenopausal and postmenopausal females. The present study was undertaken with the aim of evaluating DUB in various age groups, carry out histopathological study of the endometrium and analyze its clinic-pathological patterns. Methods: The study included 500 cases of atypical uterine bleeding, out of which 120 cases of DUB were included based on clinical features and detailed investigations. Study was conducted in Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, between March 2003 to December 2004  Endometrial tissue was collected by D&C procedure and the samples were sent for histopathological evaluation by pathologist. Result: Hyperplasia was the commonest endometrial pathology (20.5%) followed by luteal phase insufficiency (15.6%) and secretory endometrium (13.7%). Endometritis including tubercular endometritis (12.7%), post abortal (5.8%), proliferative (6.8%), polyp (3.9%), atrophic (3.9%), exogenous hormone changes (2.9%) and anovulatory cycles(6.8%) made up for the remaining lesions. Conclusion: DUB occurs secondary to a wide variety of functional and structural abnormalities, warranting a thorough evaluation especially in perimenoupausal females. Menorrhagia is a common symptom and the most likely etiology relates to the patient’s age. Significant number of endometrial samples revealed pathology rendering endometrial curetting and biopsy an important procedure. Cervical cytology is a valuable adjunct however histopathology remains the gold standard in diagnosis.}, keywords = {Dysfunctional uterine bleeding,Histopathology,Menorrhagia,Patterns}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_15010.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_15010_7b9d224de20700681bb9e7e2bdd6ecc7.pdf} } @article { author = {Gholami, Rashid and Gholami, Shirzad and Emadi-Kouchak, Hamid and Abdollahi, Alireza and Shahriari, Mona}, title = {Clinical Characteristic of the HIV/AIDS Patients with Cryptosporidiosis Referring to Behavioral Diseases Consultation Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran in 2013}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {27-34}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Cryptosporidiumis known as an opportunist disease-causing agent in man in recent decades. It causes diarrhea and intestinal disorders in the immune deficit and immune competent individuals. This study was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients withcryptosporidiosisinfection. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 53 HIV/AIDS patients referred to the Behavior Disease Consultation Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2013. First, the patients were studied clinically and the context data were recorded in a questionnaire for parasitological examination and referred to the laboratory for eosinophil count, and CD4 count per ml of blood. Results: Cryptosporidiosiswas observed in 4 (7.6%) of the total 53 HIV/AIDS patients. The highest prevalence of infection was observed in the age range of 30-39 yr.Itwas observed in different sexes as 5.7% of male and 1.9% of female, but statistically was insignificant (P=0.163).75% of patients had no intestinal symptom, 11.4% with acute diarrhea and 3.8% with chronic diarrhea. Cryptosporidiosis cases were observed in 5.7% of patients without intestinal symptom. Conclusion: Practitioners in the clinicalexamination for the detectionof the opportunistic intestinal protozoan infection should use clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the HIV/AIDS patients for the diagnostic of Cryptosporidium and other opportunistic parasitic diseases.}, keywords = {HIV,AIDS,Cryptosporidiosis,Clinical characteristic}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_14590.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_14590_ca82e01b329dbc23568ce9a18ee9ce15.pdf} } @article { author = {Keyvani, Hossein and Safarnezhad Tameshkel, Fahimeh and Karbalaie Niya, Mohammad Hadi}, title = {Enzymatic Digestion Pattern of Varicella Zoster Virus ORF38 and ORF54 in Chickenpox Patients Using RFLP Technique}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {35-40}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox in children and zoster (zona) in the elderly. Using RFLP-PCR method for detection of VZV specific SNPs ORF38, 54 and 62 could  distinguish the profile of VZV isolates. The aim of this study was to investigate enzymatic digestion pattern of VZV ORF38 and ORF54 in chickenpox patients using RFLP technique. Methods: Thirty-eight chickenpox patients, who referred to the hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran from May 2010 to June 2015 were enrolled in this cross sectional study. After the DNA extraction, PCR amplification of 38 VZV isolates performed by specific primers of ORFs 38 and 54, then RFLP assay and digestion carried out by PstI (for ORF38) and BglI (for ORF54) restriction enzymes. Results: Of 38 positive VZV DNA, the mean age (yr)±SD was 34.4±23.3 (range: 7-89). 22 (57.9%) were female and 16 (42.1%) were male. The predominant VZV profile of BglI+PstI+ were 89.5% (34/38) followed by 10.5% (4/38) PstI+BglI‾. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between genotype, age, sex, and year of infection variables (P value> 0.05). The common VZV genotype among Iranian patients with chickenpox and zona infection is genotype BglI+PstI+ followed by PstI+BglI‾. Conclusion: There are different VZV circulating genotypes that call for for more research on this field by widely population and other methods such as nucleotide sequencing to justify the accurate VZV genotype prevalence in Iran.}, keywords = {Varicella zoster virus,RFLP assay,Chickenpox,Restriction enzyme}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_15011.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_15011_a5014e0723d1c9571a3b660d62a46261.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghasemi, Faezeh and Rostami, Sina and Sadat Nabavinia, Maryam and Meshkat, Zahra}, title = {Developing Michigan Cancer Foundation 7 Cells with Stable Expression of E7 Gene of Human Papillomavirus Type 16}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {41-46}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for the development of cervical neoplasia.  Infection with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is a major risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. The virus encodes three oncoproteins (E5, E6 and E7), of which, the E7 oncoprotein is the major protein involved in cell immortalization and transformation of the infected cells. The aim of the current study was to develop Michigan Cancer Foundation 7 (MCF7) cells, which could stably express E7 protein of HPV type 16. Methods: E7 gene of HPV type 16 was introduced into MCF7 cells by Lipofectamine 2000 reagent and the transfected cells were treated with G418 antibiotic. After antibiotic selection of the transfected cells, stable expression of E7 gene of HPV16 was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Antibiotic selections of transfected cells were performed and transfected cells were alive in cytotoxic concentration of the antibiotic. RNA was extracted from transfected cells and E7 gene of HPV16 was amplified by RT-PCR method and a 350-bp band corresponds to E7 was observed. Conclusion: Results confirmed the stable transfection of cells. The stably transfected cells can be used as a useful tool in future studies on HPV16 and cancers caused by this virus.}, keywords = {HPV-16,E7 gene,MCF7,stable expression,RT-PCR}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_15012.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_15012_a3c14a55c4da5d2ac7f833782e320d4c.pdf} } @article { author = {Rezaei, Fatemeh and Saderi, Horieh and Boroumandi, Shahram and Faghihzadeh, Soghrat}, title = {Relation between Resistance to Antipseudomonal β-Lactams and ampC and mexC Genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {47-53}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: In order to select a better antibiotic choice for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, this study was conducted to determine the frequency of resistance to some antipseudomonal β-lactams in P. aeruginosa isolates from patients in Tehran, Iran. In addition, the relation between presence of genes known to be responsible for resistance to β-lactams (ampC, mexC1,2,and mexC3,4 genes) and resistance phenotype among P. aeroginosa isolates was evaluated. Methods: P. aeruginosa strains were isolated and identified by routine methods and PCR for oprL gene. Disk diffusion method was employed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern according to CLSI recommendations. PCR was used to detect the resistance genes. Results: Among 100 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 82% had ampC, 86% mexC1,2and 89% mexC3,4 genes and combinations of these genes were seen in most of isolates and only 3% of isolates had none of these genes. Resistance to mezlocillin, cefepime, ceftazidime and piperacillin/ tazobactam was seen in 46%, 41%, 36% and 29% of isolates, respectively. Significant relation (P value ≤0.05 by Chi-square or Fisher Exact test) was observed between the presence of ampC gene and resistance to all the studied β-lactams in this study. No relation was observedfor mexC genes,although many ofisolates containing these two genes were phenotypically resistant.  Conclusion: This study had shown for the first time, the presence of ampC and mexC genes in significant percent of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Tehran, Iran, and relation between presence of ampC gene and resistance to β-lactams. }, keywords = {Pseudomonas aeruginosa,β-lactams,mexC,ampC}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_14583.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_14583_df11f76839f91abfda21e73161324d0a.pdf} } @article { author = {Chakrabarti, Srabani and Pal, Subrata and Biswas, Biplab and Bose, Kingshuk and Pal, Saswati and Pathak, Swapan}, title = {Clinico-Pathological Study of Cutaneous Granulomatous Lesions- a 5 yr Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {54-60}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Granulomatous dermatoses are common skin pathology, often need histopathological confirmation for diagnosis. Histologically six sub-types of granulomas found in granulomatous skin diseases- tuberculoid, sarcoidal, necrobiotic, suppurative, foreign body & histoid type. The aims of the present study were clinico-pathological evaluation of granulomatous skin lesions and their etiological classification based on histopathological examination. Methods: It was a five years (Jan 2009- Dec 2013) retrospective study involving all the skin biopsies. Detailed clinical and histopathological features were analyzed and granulomatous skin lesions were categorized according to type of granuloma & etiology. Special stains were used in few cases for diagnostic purpose. Results: Among 1280 skin biopsies, 186 cases (14.53%) were granulomatous skin lesions with a ratio 1:24. In histopathological sub-typing, tuberculoid granuloma was most common type (126 cases, 67.74%). Most common etiology of granuloma in the study was leprosy (107 cases, 57.52%). Other etiologies were cutaneous tuberculosis, foreign body granulomas, fungal lesions, cutaneous leishmaniasis, sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare. Conclusion: Histopathology is established as gold standard investigation for diagnosis, categorization and clinico-pathological correlation of granulomatous skin lesions. }, keywords = {Granuloma,Histopathology,skin biopsy}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_14584.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_14584_8dc0cb21d223da7159337f0076fd27e4.pdf} } @article { author = {Ziari, Katayoun and Alizadeh, Kamyab}, title = {Ovarian Hemangioma: a Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {61-65}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Ovarian hemangiomas are benign and rare tumors of female genital tract with less than 60 reported cases in the literature. A 38- yr- old woman was admitted to Be’sat Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2012, due to severe abdominal pain. Ultrasound evaluation revealed a 6 cm left ovarian cystic mass and serum tumor markers were normal. Then, left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed for the patient. Microscopic examination revealed a follicular cyst and an incidental cavernous hemangioma consisting thin-walled vascular channels filled with blood that lined with flatten endothelial cells. In IHC staining strong immunoreactivity for CD31 and CD34 were seen, finally, the diagnosis of primary ovarian hemangioma, cavernous-type was made. The clinicopathologic presentation of this unusual benign tumor is discussed.}, keywords = {Ovary,Cavernous Hemangioma,Differential diagnosis}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_15013.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_15013_4cf36068c94d1ad3e0b203c00d127cbe.pdf} } @article { author = {Rana, Shweta and Kaur Gill, Manmeet and Kalhan, Shivani and Satarkar, Rahul N and Sangwaiya, Ashok and Singh, Pawan}, title = {Immature Teratoma with Embryonal Carcinoma; a Rare Malignant Mixed Germ Cell Tumor in a 13-Year-Old Girl}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {66-70}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Malignant mixed germ cell tumors,though rare overall, are the most common type of malignant ovarian neoplasms in young and adolescent girls. These tumors are rapidly growing and can metastasize. We report a case of 13-yr-old girl who presented at SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India in December 2013 with huge abdominal lump of a malignant mixed germ cell tumor comprising both immature teratoma and embryonal carcinoma. This report illustrates the aggressiveness of this tumor and emphasises the need of early diagnosis and treatment.}, keywords = {Malignant Mixed Germ Cell Tumors,Ovary,Immature Teratoma,Embryonal Carcinoma}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_15014.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_15014_9ea10dd539644e9d161381d24b7cac4e.pdf} } @article { author = {Payandeh, Mehrdad and Sadeghi, Masoud and Sadeghi, Edris}, title = {The Report of KRAS Mutation and NRAS Wild-Type in a Patient with Thyroid Metastasis from Colon Cancer: a Rare Case Report}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {71-75}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis to the thyroid gland is rare. Here wereport a 45 yr-old man in western Iran referred to Hematology Clinic, Kermanshah city, Iran in March 2014 with complaint of exertional dyspnea, multi-nodular goiter as well as complaint of exertional dyspnea, and multi-nodular goiter. His history included a low anterior resection of rectum in 9 months ago for a high-risk stage II rectal adenocarcinoma. He did not show clinical signs of hyperthyroidism other than thyroid enlargement. In thyroid nodule the FNA cytology, pathology reported anaplastic thyroid malignancy. Pathologists reported final diagnosis of colorectal metastasis of thyroid gland. Then due to metastatic pattern of disease, his pathology was evaluated for RAS molecular assay. In the patients of metastatic CRC, RAS testing is the first step to identify those patients that could benefit from anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies treatment.}, keywords = {Colon cancer,KRAS,NRAS,Thyroid}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_14587.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_14587_adbc87e951b1d3d9565c0609da6bc2c7.pdf} } @article { author = {Azadeh, Payam and Yaghobi Joybari, Ali and Sarbaz, Samaneh and Ghiasi, Hosein Ali and Farasatinasab, Maryam}, title = {Solitary Psoas Muscle Metastasis of Gastroesphageal Junction Adenocarcinoma}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {76-79}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Metastasis of gastroesphageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma in skeletal muscle is rare and primary sites for skeletal muscle metastases are usually lung, renal and colorectal cancer. We have encountered with the first case report of solitary psoas muscle metastasis of GEJ adenocarcinoma. Here we describe a 65 years old man was diagnosed with GEJ adenocarcinoma in tertiary hospital, Tehran, Iran in February 2014. We were not able to use PET techniques due to lack of access. Staging CT scans demonstrated a small mass lateral to right psoas muscle. A CT-guided core needle biopsy of right psoas muscle was performed that supported a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma consistent with primary adenocarcinoma of the GEJ. Distant metastasis to skeletal muscle rarely occurs in patients with GEJ adenocarcinoma, but heightened awareness to these soft tissue lesions is warranted. CT or MR imaging could show findings suggestive of metastatic disease, although PET is preferable modality.}, keywords = {Skeletal muscle metastasis,Psoas muscle,Gastroesphageal junction,Adenocarcinoma,CT scan}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_14586.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_14586_38ead5a27b375a9e492144a9602b143c.pdf} } @article { author = {MONDAL, KRISHNENDU and MANDAL, RUPALI}, title = {Congenital Anaplastic Rhabdomyosarcoma Presenting As Abdominal Wall Mass}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {80-84}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Rhabdomyosarcoma encompasses a group of malignant myogenic neoplasms expressing a multitude of clinical and pathological diversities. It is the commonest soft tissue sarcoma of childhood but neonates are rarely affected. Embryonal subtype is the most frequent. Head-neck and genitourinary tracts are predominant sites, while trunk is considered among the unusual sites of rhabdomyosarcoma. Herein we report a case of anaplastic rhabdomyosarcoma in a newborn girl presenting, at the pediatric surgery outpatient department of North Bengal Medical College and Hospital on 2013 with a large tumour mass in the left flank region, arising from abdominal wall muscles.}, keywords = {Congenital,Anaplastic rhabdomyosarcoma,Rhabdomyoblasts,Abdominal wall}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_14585.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_14585_d3849d84d49eb477479a1dd67c190ca5.pdf} } @article { author = {Safavi, Moeinadin and dabiri, Shahriar and Monsefi, Nahid}, title = {Sarcomatoid Transrormation of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {85-87}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {}, keywords = {Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma,Sarcomatoid dedifferentiation}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_15015.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_15015_736c106686d92a32e42670259e0a9944.pdf} }