Biology & Genetic
Seyedeh Elham Norollahi; Kosar Babaei; Vida Balooei; Seyed Masoud Hashemi Karouei; Mohammadtaghi Ashoobi; Elahe Asghari Gharakhyli; Ali Akbar Samadani
Abstract
Background & Objective: Besides the clinical and laboratory research on the COVID-19 virus, the bioinformatics study in the field of genetics of immunity to COVID-19 is of particular importance. In this account, studies show that in patients with COVID-19, the level of tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) ...
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Background & Objective: Besides the clinical and laboratory research on the COVID-19 virus, the bioinformatics study in the field of genetics of immunity to COVID-19 is of particular importance. In this account, studies show that in patients with COVID-19, the level of tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is high and in severe cases of COVID-19, the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and other cytokines increases profoundly. On the other hand, investigating the molecular structure and receptors of IL-6 and TNFα and the structural analysis of the receptor proteins may potentially help to develop new therapeutic plans for COVID-19 infection.
Methods: To identify genes with significant and different expressions in patients with COVID-19 in a microarray data set containing transcriptional profiles from GEO as a functional genomic database the GEO query package version 2.64.2 in a programming language R version 4.2.1 was downloaded. In this way, functional enrichment analysis for DEGs, WikiPathways, REGO, gene ontology, and STRING database was also investigated and employed.
Results: The structure and function of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 were investigated, and in general, after performing various analyses in this study and extracting A series of genes with different expressions from the KEGG database, the final 5 DEGs include CXCL14, CXCL6, CCL8, CXCR1, TNFRSF10, and the relationship and expression effects of them were observed in different pathways.
Conclusion: IL-6 and TNFα were involved in immunological processes that had a direct and indirect relationship with the activation of cytokines, including IL6 and TNF-a, and cytokine storm, and this indicates their role in the formation of problems and complications, including ARDS, in COVID-19 patients. Of course, determining the effectiveness of each of these genes requires more specialized and clinical studies.
Biology & Genetic
Ali Zare-Mirzaie; Shamim Mollazadehghomi; Seyed Mohammad Heshmati; Amirhosein Mehrtash; Shabnam Mollazadehghomi
Abstract
Background & Objective: Telomere-related tumorigenesis mechanisms in the salivary gland, including mutation in the promoter region of TERT, have been rarely investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the mutation in the promoter region of TERT in benign and malignant salivary ...
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Background & Objective: Telomere-related tumorigenesis mechanisms in the salivary gland, including mutation in the promoter region of TERT, have been rarely investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the mutation in the promoter region of TERT in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors.Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. Tissue samples of 54 patients with primary salivary gland tumors sent to the pathology department of Rasool-e-Akram Hospital from September 2017 to September 2021 were examined. Fifteen samples including two groups of the most common benign tumors (n=5; 3 pleomorphic adenomas and 2 Warthin tumors) and four groups of the most common malignant tumors (n=10; 3 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 3 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 2 acinic cell carcinoma, and 2 salivary duct carcinoma) were selected. The promoter region of TERT, including well-known hot spot regions, is sequenced using the Sanger sequencing method. Data were analyzed using statistical software R version 4.1.2.Results: Of 15 salivary gland tumor specimens, consisting of 5 benign tumors and 10 malignant tumors after DNA sequencing, TERT promoter region mutation was only seen in one of the adenoid cystic carcinoma samples, located at -146 bp upstream from ATG (chr5: 1,295,250 C>T).Conclusion: TERT promoter mutation was not different in malignant and benign salivary tumors. Nonetheless, there are a few studies that report TERT promoter mutation in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland, necessitating the need for further investigations.
Infectious Diseases
Moslem Bahadori; Mohammad Hossein Azizi; Shahriar Dabiri; Neda Bahadori
Abstract
The nucleolus is a subcellular membraneless structure of eukaryotic cells. In 1965, in a world’s southern summer summit in Uruguay, the role of the nucleolus as the site of ribosome synthesis, biogenesis, and processing of tRNA was conclusively established. Today, accumulating evidence confirm ...
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The nucleolus is a subcellular membraneless structure of eukaryotic cells. In 1965, in a world’s southern summer summit in Uruguay, the role of the nucleolus as the site of ribosome synthesis, biogenesis, and processing of tRNA was conclusively established. Today, accumulating evidence confirm the multiple functions of the nucleolus, including tRNA precursor processing, cell stress sensing, as well as being influential in gene silencing, senescence, lifespan, DNA damage response (DDR), and cell cycle regulation. Therefore, nucleolopathy is observed in various human diseases. Modern advances have provided fundamental insights concerning how and why the nucleolus is targeted by different pathogenic organisms. Viruses are major organisms that disrupt the normal function of the nucleus and produce nucleoli proteins for facilitating the replication of viruses causing viral infections. In this review, we focus on the possible role of nucleoli upon coronavirus infections, in particular coronavirus disease 2019.
Biology & Genetic
Narjes Soltani; Farzaneh Mirzaei; Hossein Ayatollahi
Abstract
Background & Objective: Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation in females of reproductive by age 16 when the development of secondary sexual characteristics is evident (breast development, pubic hair) or by age 14 when there are no secondary sexual characteristics are present. Primary ...
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Background & Objective: Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation in females of reproductive by age 16 when the development of secondary sexual characteristics is evident (breast development, pubic hair) or by age 14 when there are no secondary sexual characteristics are present. Primary amenorrhea can occur in several quite different reasons. Common hormonal causes of primary amenorrhea include constitutional delay, hypothalamic or pituitary disorders, chronic systemic disease, and primary ovarian insufficiency, some endocrine gland disorders, and other causes. Previous studies suggested that chromosomal abnormality is the second most common cause of amenorrhea. This report aims to measure the prevalence of the chromosomal abnormality in primary amenorrhea (PA) patients in the northeast of Iran.Methods: Chromosomal study was carried out on 200 patients with clinical features. The standard method for culturing peripheral venous blood lymphocyte was to prepare metaphase chromosomes and perform routine GTG band analysis.Results: The results revealed that 71% of PA had normal female karyotype (46,XX) and 29% showed different chromosomal abnormalities. The chromosomal abnormalities can be categorized into seven primary groups with or without mosaicism. 1- The most common karyotype was X chromosome aneuploidy (10.5%, n=21), 2- Male karyotype with or without structural abnormality of Y chromosome (5.5 %, n=11), 3- Mosaicism of turner karyotype and structural anomalies of X chromosome (4%, n=8), 4- Structural anomalies of the X chromosome (3.5%, n=7), 5- Mosaicism of turner karyotype and normal karyotype (3%, n=6), 6- Mosaicism of turner karyotype and male karyotype (1.5%, n=3) and 7- Super female karyotype (1%, n=2).Conclusion: The present study has emphasized that early cytogenetic and timely investigation can be necessary for the evaluation of primary amenorrhea.
Biology & Genetic
Payam Behzadi
Abstract
Dear EditorOn July 21 (Sunday) and 23 (Tuesday) 2019, I had an opportunity to hold another workshop titled “How to write a scientific paper?” for Ph.D. students in Microbiology Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, the Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Tehran, Iran. I received brilliant ...
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Dear EditorOn July 21 (Sunday) and 23 (Tuesday) 2019, I had an opportunity to hold another workshop titled “How to write a scientific paper?” for Ph.D. students in Microbiology Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, the Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Tehran, Iran. I received brilliant feedback from the participants encouraging me to publish this letter to the editor.The difficult work of writing is an art like rasping and grinding a rough diamond to have a polished and smooth diamond (1) or like making a film (2). Publishing peer-reviewed papers is a criterion for evaluating academic professionals and is an effective means of forming an academic career and resume (3).As we know since the ancient era, the published texts are used as public official means to communicate with diverse people and populations. According to the latest archeological studies, the first handwriting belongs to 10400 years ago discovered in Baluchestan Province, the southeast of Iran (4).The primitive means of scripts have evolved and now we have high-tech tools to publish different types of scripts as softcopies and hardcopies, as well as traditional and online publications (4, 5). English as an international language may connect all people around the world. Therefore, publishing scholarly papers in English language journals promotes the visibility and citation of the papers (5, 6).A strong scientific paper needs a clear roadmap, a well-designed study, and an up-to-date quality proposal. Blurry hypothesis, poor-designed study, biases, inappropriate sample size (e.g., very small and limited populations or samples), and wrong or insufficient statistical analyses are the most common reasons for the rejection of papers (6-8).I as a non-native English-speaking author and reviewer believe that the non-native English-speaking authors should think, imagine, and write their manuscripts in English. Many young non-native English-speaking authors write their manuscripts in their native language and then translate into English. This is very harmful because it makes your manuscript of poor quality in academic English language, results in more probability of rejection (7). Consequently, in this challenge, the authors should prepare a well-planned manuscript with a strong and clear hypothesis (it goes back to the proposal) and relevant aims. Moreover, proper statistical analyses and calculations, correspondent methodology, appropriate and precise conclusion, sharp and clear figures, and well-designed and self-explanatory tables augment the opportunity of a manuscript for acceptance (Figure 1) (4, 6, 7, 9, 10). AcknowledgementsI have special thanks to Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Tehran, Iran for approving the perfomance of the workshop on “How to write a scientific paper?”. Conflict of InterestThe authors confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication, and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.
Biology & Genetic
shaghayegh Arabi; Mostafa Moghadam; Vida Maleki; Ali Akbar Pourfatholah; Afsaneh Aghaie
Abstract
Background & Objective:Dangerous O is very important to transfusion medicine and there has been reports by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regarding some death relating incidences. As high iso-antibody production is closely associated with different immune reactions, a survey on the different ...
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Background & Objective:Dangerous O is very important to transfusion medicine and there has been reports by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regarding some death relating incidences. As high iso-antibody production is closely associated with different immune reactions, a survey on the different immune response of dangerous O donors can lead to understanding their immune response profile. Objectives were to assess different immune responses in dangerous O cases.Methods:Two groups of donors were selected after performing titration as a high titer (>512) and non-high titer (<128). Then CBC, CD markers, total immunoglobulin, complement assay, anti-VZV, -CMV, -EBV, -HSV, -Rubella, -Toxoplasma gondii, -HBV, -ASO, total protein and albumin, protein electrophoresis, lymphocyte proliferation, and gene expression of INF-gamma, IL2/4/10 were evaluated on both study groups.Results & Objective:Total IgG, IgM, and IgA was higher in high titer group. Moreover, after using PHA and LPS, gamma globulins and lymphocyte proliferation were significantly higher in high titer cases. Real-time PCR also showed higher IL-2 production in high titer group. Identification of high responder’s characteristics can be efficient in many complications. Moreover, high titer donors are dangerous for transfusion medicine. This pilot study showed differences in immune responses between HR and LR O blood donors for the first time. So, other aspects of the immune system such as genetic differences can be surveyed.
Biology & Genetic
Parisa Mojibi; Farzaneh Tafvizi; Maryam Bikhof Torbati
Abstract
Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effects of local probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus brevis, while isolated from “Tarkhine” food and the induction of apoptosis in the HT–29 human colon adenocarcinoma ...
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Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effects of local probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus brevis, while isolated from “Tarkhine” food and the induction of apoptosis in the HT–29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line and normal fibroblasts. Methods: HT–29 and L–929 cell lines were treated with cell-bound exopolysaccharide extract (cb-EPS) from L. paracasei and L. brevis. The MTT assay was used to analyze cell viability. Cellular apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assay.Results: The cb-EPS from both probiotic bacteria prevented the proliferation of HT–29 colon cancer cells. In addition, the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of the exopolysaccharide extract from both bacteria in L–929 fibroblasts were much lower than HT–29 cells. The induction of apoptosis in HT–29 cells was observed at 48h compared with 72h. It seems that the exopolysaccharides extracted from both bacteria have a greater effect on the induction of apoptosis at 48h. The cb-EPS of L. brevis showed more potent anti-proliferative and apoptotic properties than the cb-EPS of L. paracasei. The ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation confirmed the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Conclusion: The results of the MTT assay and apoptosis indicate that the induction of apoptosis by the exopolysaccharide from bacteria depends on the dose, time, and strain of bacteria. Further studies may contribute toward the understanding of using these probiotic bacteria as biological products to treat and prevent cancers.
Biology & Genetic
Narjes Seid Alian; Parvin khodarahmi; Vahid Naseh
Volume 13, Issue 4 , October 2018, , Pages 408-414
Abstract
Background: Cadmium is a potent toxicant and carcinogenic in human and experimental animals. The evidence indicates that cadmium induces aberrant gene expression, inhibition of DNA damage repair, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of IP (intraperitoneal) injection of cadmium on ...
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Background: Cadmium is a potent toxicant and carcinogenic in human and experimental animals. The evidence indicates that cadmium induces aberrant gene expression, inhibition of DNA damage repair, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of IP (intraperitoneal) injection of cadmium on mRNA levels expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes in rat small intestine. Methods: 28 male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 grams were randomly distributed into 4 groups. Group 1 received saline while the animals in groups 2-4 were injected cadmium at doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg of cadmium for 15 successive days. One day after the last injection, the small intestine was dissected and the mRNA levels expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes was evaluated using Real Time PCR technique. Results: Cadmium increased the mRNA levels of Bax gene compared to the control group at 2 and 4 mg/kg (p < 0.01) in small intestine of rats. The mRNA levels of Bcl-2 gene decreased significantly compared to the control group at 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg (p < 0.001) in small intestine of rats. Conclusion: These results showed Cadmium exposure induced cell apoptosis by increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio expression.
Biology & Genetic
Shadi Hosseini; Farkhondeh Behjati; Maryam Rahimi; Nazanin Taheri; Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid; Fatemehte Aghakhani Moghaddam; Saghar Ghasemi Frouzabadi; Masoud Karimlou; Fereidoon Sirati; Elahe Keyhani
Volume 13, Issue 4 , October 2018, , Pages 447-453
Abstract
Background and Objective: The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is known to play an important role in regulating angiogenesis both in normal and breast cancer (BC) tissues. PIK3CA amplification was reported in various malignancies, including approximately 10% of BC cases. The aim of this study was to identify the ...
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Background and Objective: The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is known to play an important role in regulating angiogenesis both in normal and breast cancer (BC) tissues. PIK3CA amplification was reported in various malignancies, including approximately 10% of BC cases. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of PIK3CA amplification in Iranian female patients suffering from BC. Additionally, possible association between PIK3CA amplification and P110α expression with microvascular density (MVD) was examined.Methods: DNA samples were extracted from paraffin embedded tumor tissue blocks and copy number changes were evaluated by MLPA Technique. The results were analyzed by coffalyzer software. The tissue expression of P110α and CD34 was assessed using immunohistochemistry.Results: Ten out of 40 samples (17.5%) showed amplification in PIK3CA gene and 22 out of 40 samples (55%) showed overexpression in P110α. For CD34, from 40 samples, 20 (50%), 15 (37.5%) and 5 (12.5%) had scores 1+, 2+ and 3+, respectively.Conclusion: No significant association was detected between gain of PIK3CA copy number and P110α or CD34 tissue expression.
Biology & Genetic
Fatemeh Khatami; Mohammad Tavangar
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a frequent endocrine related malignancy with continuous increasing incidence. There has been moving development in understanding its molecular pathogenesis recently mainly through the explanation of the original role of several key signaling pathways and related molecular distributors. ...
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Thyroid cancer is a frequent endocrine related malignancy with continuous increasing incidence. There has been moving development in understanding its molecular pathogenesis recently mainly through the explanation of the original role of several key signaling pathways and related molecular distributors. Central to these mechanisms are the genetic and epigenetic alterations in these pathways, such as mutation and DNA rearrangements. That does not mean, however, that all the somatic abnormalities here in a cancer genome have been involved in development of the cancer and just driver mutations are concerned in tumor initiation. By way of illustrations, MAPK pathway which is motivated by BRAFV600E and RAS and RET / PTC rearrangements are suggesting driver genetic alterations in follicular derived thyroid cancers which are considered in this review.
Biology & Genetic
Hossein Ayatollahi; Alireza Tavassoli; Amir Hossein Jafarian; Amin Alavi; Sepideh Shakeri; Seyyede Fatemeh Shams; Maryam Sheikhi; Neda Motamedi Rad; Mohammadhadi Sadeghian; Afsane Bahrami
Abstract
Background & objective: KRAS mutations are reported in many types of cancers including pancreas, lung, colon, breast, and gastric (GC). High frequency of KRAS mutation is observed in the pancreas, colon, and lung cancers; they commonly arise in codon 12 and 13 of exon 2. Due to the lack of information ...
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Background & objective: KRAS mutations are reported in many types of cancers including pancreas, lung, colon, breast, and gastric (GC). High frequency of KRAS mutation is observed in the pancreas, colon, and lung cancers; they commonly arise in codon 12 and 13 of exon 2. Due to the lack of information about the frequency of KRAS mutations in the Northeast of Iran, the current study aimed at evaluating KRAS frequency in cases with GC in this region. Methods: A total of120 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of patients with GC were assessed. The assays to detect KRAS in codon 12 and 13 were obtained through the peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-clamp. Results: Totally 87 male and 33 female patients were analyzed in the current study. The mean age of the subjects was 55 years. The most common tumoral fragment was located on the body with 48 cases (40%) and the less frequent was related to fondues with six cases (5%). Of the 120 GC samples, 16 (13.3%) cases had codon 12 KRAS mutation, and 16.7% had codon 13 mutations. There were no significant relationships between gender, age, and KRAS mutations in the studied specimens. Conclusion: In conclusion, the overall frequency of KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations in GC was 30% in the current study population. Frequency of KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations had significant correlation with tumors location. Different pathogenic mechanisms are suggested for GC according to tumor location. The current study results may be an important diagnostic tool for physicians managing atrophic gastritis.
Biology & Genetic
Meysam Rezaeishahmirzadi; Neda Motamedi Rad; Mehdi Kalantar; Hossein Ayatollahi; Sepideh shakeri; Maryam Sheikhi; Mohammad Shekari
Abstract
Background and Objective: The current study aimed at assessing the relationship between gastritis and peptic ulcer susceptibility and inflammation-related gene polymorphisms in Iranian patients. Gastritis and peptic ulcer are common medical complications with serious outcomes on the quality of life. ...
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Background and Objective: The current study aimed at assessing the relationship between gastritis and peptic ulcer susceptibility and inflammation-related gene polymorphisms in Iranian patients. Gastritis and peptic ulcer are common medical complications with serious outcomes on the quality of life. Inflammatory responses of gastric mucosa are associated with helicobacter pylori, but most infected patients remain asymptomatic. There is strong evidence that inflammatory response is a major part of its etiology. Methods: The current case-control study aimed at examining genetic polymorphisms in inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 using polymerase chain reaction-variable number tandem reaped (PCR-VNTR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods, respectively in 603 genotyped patients admitted to Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran (198 patients with gastritis, 84 with peptic ulcer, and 321 patients as controls). Results: No significant associations were detected in genotype and allele frequencies of IL-10 and IL-4 between the case (with gastritis and peptic ulcer) and control groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of the analyses suggested that these polymorphisms may not predispose the carriers to gastritis and peptic ulcer development.
Biology & Genetic
Malihe Ram; Ali Najafi; Mohammad Taghi Shakeri
Abstract
Background & objective: Microarray and next generation sequencing (NGS) data are the important sources to find helpful molecular patterns. Also, the great number of gene expression data increases the challenge of how to identify the biomarkers associated with cancer. The random forest (RF) is used ...
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Background & objective: Microarray and next generation sequencing (NGS) data are the important sources to find helpful molecular patterns. Also, the great number of gene expression data increases the challenge of how to identify the biomarkers associated with cancer. The random forest (RF) is used to effectively analyze the problems of large-p and small-n. Therefore, RF can be used to select and rank the genes for the diagnosis and effective treatment of cancer. Methods: The microarray gene expression data of colon, leukemia, and prostate cancers were collected from public databases. Primary preprocessing was done on them using limma package, and then, the RF classification method was implemented on datasets separately in R software. Finally, the selected genes in each of the cancers were evaluated and compared with those of previous experimental studies and their functionalities were assessed in molecular cancer processes. Result: The RF method extracted very small sets of genes while it retained its predictive performance. About colon cancer data set DIEXF, GUCA2A, CA7, and IGHA1 key genes with the accuracy of 87.39 and precision of 85.45 were selected. The SNCA, USP20, and SNRPA1 genes were selected for prostate cancer with the accuracy of 73.33 and precision of 66.67. Also, key genes of leukemia data set were BAG4, ANKHD1-EIF4EBP3, PLXNC1, and PCDH9 genes, and the accuracy and precision were 100 and 95.24, respectively. Conclusion: The current study results showed most of the selected genes involved in the processes and cancerous pathways were previously reported and had an important role in shifting from normal cell to abnormal.
Biology & Genetic
Farhad Shahi; Razieh Alishahi; Hossein Pashaiefar; Isa Jahanzad; Naser Kamalian; Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh; Marjan Yaghmaie
Abstract
Background & Objective: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) constitute an uncommon and heterogeneous group of tumors of mesenchymal origin and various cytogenetic abnormalities ranging from distinct genomic rearrangements, such as chromosomal translocations and amplifications, to more intricate rearrangements ...
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Background & Objective: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) constitute an uncommon and heterogeneous group of tumors of mesenchymal origin and various cytogenetic abnormalities ranging from distinct genomic rearrangements, such as chromosomal translocations and amplifications, to more intricate rearrangements involving multiple chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can be used to identify these chromosomal translocations and amplifications, and sub classify STS precisely. The current study aimed at investigating the usefulness of FISH, as a diagnostic ancillary aid, to detect cytogenetic abnormalities such as MDM2 (murine double minute 2) amplification and CHOP(C/EBP homologous protein) rearrangement in liposarcoma, as well as SYT (synaptotagmin) rearrangement in synovial sarcoma. Methods: The FISH technique was used to analyze 17 specimens of liposarcoma for MDM2 amplification and CHOP rearrangement, and 10 specimens of synovial sarcoma for SYT rearrangement. The subtypes of liposarcoma and synovial sarcomas were reclassified according to the FISH results and compared with those of the respective histological findings. Results: According to the FISH results in 17 liposarcoma cases, well-differentiated liposarcoma(WDLPS), dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS), and myxoidliposarcoma (MLPS)subtypes were 41%, 53%, and 6%, respectively. In different subtypes of liposarcoma, a total of 30% mismatches were observed between pathologic and cytogenetic results. According to the histological findings from FISH analysis, SYT rearrangement was found only in three out of 10 (30%) synovial sarcomas. Conclusion: The detection of cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with liposarcoma and synovial sarcoma by FISH technique provides an important objective tool to confirm sarcoma diagnosis and sub classification of specific sarcoma subtypes in such patients.
Microbiology
Reza Ranjbar; Afsar Tabatabaee; Payam Behzadi; Rohollah Kheiri
Abstract
Background: Escherichia coli is a commensal-pathogenic organism, which includes a wide range of strains. Despite several advanced molecular-genomic technologies for detecting and identifying different strains of E. coli, Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction ...
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Background: Escherichia coli is a commensal-pathogenic organism, which includes a wide range of strains. Despite several advanced molecular-genomic technologies for detecting and identifying different strains of E. coli, Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) technique is a quick, sharp and cost effective fingerprint method. The major purpose of the present study was to determine the distribution of ERICs within E. coli strains isolated from different healthy animal stool specimens including hens, sheep, and cows, as an appropriate and quick molecular-genomic tool. Methods: The animal stool samples were obtained during 1 year (October 2012 to October 2013), from animal husbandries around Tehran and Alborz provinces, Iran. After screening processes, the E. coli bacteria were isolated and cultured via standard microbiological methods. The DNA molecules of E. coli bacteria were harvested and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) was applied for bacterial molecular genotyping. The ERIC-PCR products were run on 1% gel electrophoresis. The final images regarding gel electrophoresis banding patterns were used for dendrogram generation via the GelClust software. Results: Of 120 isolated samples, 115 different strains were recognized as E. coli. The fingerprint patterns involved 380 to 3280 bp bands. The predominant bands included 2900 bp, 1200 bp, and 1200 bp in stool samples of hens, sheep, and cows, respectively. The highest frequencies and diversities were seen among E. coli strains isolated from hens and sheep stool samples. Conclusion: The DNA profiles were clearly detectable via specific fingerprint patterns. The ERIC-PCR seemed to be a good approach for molecular typing of E. coli strains isolated from different animal sources.
Biology & Genetic
Alireza Abdollahi; Hana Saffar
Volume 11, Issue 2 , April 2016, , Pages 89-96
Abstract
It is estimated that the number of HIV infected children globally has increased from 1.6 million in 2001 to 3.3 million in 2012. The number of children below 15 years of age living with HIV has increased worldwide. Published data from recent studies confirmed dramatic survival benefit for infants started ...
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It is estimated that the number of HIV infected children globally has increased from 1.6 million in 2001 to 3.3 million in 2012. The number of children below 15 years of age living with HIV has increased worldwide. Published data from recent studies confirmed dramatic survival benefit for infants started anti-retroviral therapy (ART) as early as possible after diagnosis of HI. Early confirmation of HIV diagnosis is required in order to identify infants who need immediate ART. WHO has designed recommendations to improve programs for both early diagnoses of HIV infection and considering ART whenever indicated? It is strongly recommended that HIV virologocal assays for diagnosis of HIV have sensitivity of at least 95% and ideally greater than 98% and specificity of 98% or more under standardized and validated conditions. Timing of virological testing is also important. Infants infected at or around delivery may take short time to have detectable virus. Therefore, sensitivity of virological tests is lower at birth. In utero HIV infection, HIV DNA or RNA can be detected within 48 h of birth and in infants with peripartum acquisition it needs one to two weeks. Finally it is emphasized that all laboratories performing HIV tests should follow available services provided by WHO or CDC for quality assurance programs. Both clinicians and staffs providing laboratory services need regular communications, well-defined SOPs and nationally validated algorithms for optimal use of laboratory tests. Every country should use assays that have been validated by national reference laboratory.
Biology & Genetic
Shahriar Dabiri; Mohammadmehdi Moeini aghtaei; Jahanbano Shahryari; Manzume Shamis meymandi; Sahar Amirpour-Rostami; Reza Foutohi-Ardekani
Volume 11, Issue 2 , April 2016, , Pages 104-111
Abstract
Background: The breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, on the other hand absence of myoepithelial cells play a pivotal role in pathogenesis of this cancer. Thus we aimed to investigate the possible abilities of the molecular assay technique to find a relationship between mammary serine ...
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Background: The breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, on the other hand absence of myoepithelial cells play a pivotal role in pathogenesis of this cancer. Thus we aimed to investigate the possible abilities of the molecular assay technique to find a relationship between mammary serine protease inhibitor (Maspin) gene expression possibly secreted by myoepithelial cells, grade of breast cancer and other prognostics factors (ER, PR, and c-erb-B2). Methods: Paraffin embedded blocks of 31 breast cancer patients together with two normal breast tissues were used for IHC staining and Maspin gene RNA detection uses the real-time PCR method. Applying QIAGEN kit, we were able to measure Maspin RNA and Extract the cDNA of different samples for evaluating the Maspin RNA level. Results: We found that the RNA level was considerably lowerin these cancer samples compared with normal samples. In addition, different grades of breast cancer in the obtained results adopt some distinguishable values. The Maspin expression in samples with grades II and III is much lower than the ones in normal group (P<0.05) which could be considered as a promising way in diagnosing of this disease. The results showed no considerable differences in Maspin gene expression of the c-erb-B2 scores in the tumor group except the samples having score 0. The other observation of this research study confirmed that Maspin gene expression couldn't show any differences between the values of both ER and PR in different scores of the tumor group. On the other hand, the cDNA of these patients showed lower values compared with normal samples. Conclusion: Maspin expression was reduced in samples with grade II& III of invasive ductal carcinoma. Based on expression of Maspin Inc-erb-B2, it seems that more expression happened in normal group comparing with different scores of it. We could suggest that there was a reverse relationship between tumor formation and Maspin gene expression. These results showed possible role of Maspin as prognostic factor.
