Gynecologic Pathology
Saumya Shivakumar; Kausalya Kumari Sahu; Ranjitha Rao; Chaithra GV; Cheryl Sarah Philipose; Sharada Rai
Abstract
Background & Objective: Endometrial Carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer with a global incidence of 23.2 per 1 lakh population. Histological subclassification of EC is extremely crucial for the diagnosis, proper management strategies, and prognosis. This study was conducted in a ...
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Background & Objective: Endometrial Carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer with a global incidence of 23.2 per 1 lakh population. Histological subclassification of EC is extremely crucial for the diagnosis, proper management strategies, and prognosis. This study was conducted in a tertiary care institute to analyze the expression pattern of a minimum panel of 4 markers (ER, p53, CEA, Napsin A) with emphasis on their utility in the routine histological subtyping, aberrant expression, and correlation with various clinicopathological parameters.
Methods: A time-bound cross-sectional observational and analytical study was conducted, which includes cases diagnosed in our laboratory from January 2016 to April 2021.
Results: Sixty cases diagnosed as EC during the study period formed the sample cases. The ER was expressed in 85% (53/60) of cases in the current study. Among them, 94% (50/53) were endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs). A negative correlation was found between ER intensity and age (r= -1.48). Of 60 EC cases, 10 (16%) cases expressed p53. The tumors positive for p53 with higher intensity were negative for ER and vice versa. The expression pattern of ER and p53 was statistically significant (P=-0.021). On IHC, 84.6% (11/13) of CEA-positive cases expressed both ER and CEA, suggesting mucinous differentiation. Napsin A was expressed in two cases of EEC, FIGO grade I, and one case of serous carcinoma.
Conclusion: An inverse association was found between ER and p53 expression. The CEA is valuable in identifying EEC with mucinous differentiation.
Uropathology
Evelyn - Angel
Abstract
The progression and recurrence of urothelial carcinoma (UC) are correlated with carcinoma in situ and urothelial dysplasia. It is frequently challenging to distinguish dysplasia and carcinoma in situ from reactive atypia only based on histological characteristics. In daily practices, 2 of the adjunct ...
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The progression and recurrence of urothelial carcinoma (UC) are correlated with carcinoma in situ and urothelial dysplasia. It is frequently challenging to distinguish dysplasia and carcinoma in situ from reactive atypia only based on histological characteristics. In daily practices, 2 of the adjunct immunohistochemistry markers (cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and p53) are used in addition to the histology to diagnose carcinoma in situ. This is accomplished by combining histological research results with immunohistochemistry. This systematic review summarizes the current findings on the diagnostic significance of p53 and CK20 as adjunct markers to urine cytology in the detection of UC. A systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted using PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and ScienceDirect databases. After screening for the eligibility criteria, a total of 14 selected articles were reviewed. Data extraction included a total number of samples, specimen samples, type of cells, and outcome parameters (mainly sensitivity and specificity). Urine cytology alone had a sensitivity of 75%-85% and specificity of 66%-95%. CK20 with urine cytology staining showed improved sensitivity and specificity in the range of 77%-94% and 71%-100%, respectively; p53 immunostaining with urine cytology showed a sensitivity of 52%-86% and specificity of 80%-98%. The dual staining in combination with urine cytology showed comparatively higher sensitivity and specificity in the range of 70%-90% and 74%-100%, respectively. This was more evident for high-grade UC (HGUC). Overall, single or dual staining combined with urine cytology was effective in this detection and can be applied as an adjunct marker in urine cytology.
Head and Neck Pathology
Dalia Nabil Abdelhafez; Maram Mostafa Ayoub; Samira A. Mahmoud; Hala M. El-hanbuli
Abstract
Background & Objective: One of the most prevalent endocrine system cancers is papillary thyroid carcinoma, with complicated predisposing factors and pathogenesis. YAP1 (Yes-associated protein 1) is a well-known oncogene; its activity is increased in a variety of human malignancies and has recently ...
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Background & Objective: One of the most prevalent endocrine system cancers is papillary thyroid carcinoma, with complicated predisposing factors and pathogenesis. YAP1 (Yes-associated protein 1) is a well-known oncogene; its activity is increased in a variety of human malignancies and has recently been paid great attention. The present study examines YAP1 and P53 immunohistochemical expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma and investigates the association of their expression with the available clinicopathological risk factors to assess their possible prognostic role.Methods: The current study used paraffin blocks of 60 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma, which were immunohistochemically assessed for YAP1 and p53 expression. The study examined the association of their expression with clinicopathological characteristics.Results: YAP1 expression was observed in 70% of papillary thyroid carcinoma cases. A statistically significant relation was observed between YAP1 expression and tumor size, tumor stage, tumor focality, lymph node metastases, and extrathyroidal extension (P-values were =0.003, > 0.001, 0.037, 0.025, and 0.006), respectively. p53 expression was observed in 85% of papillary thyroid carcinoma cases. A statistically significant relation was observed between p53 expression and tumor size (P=0.001) and tumor stage (P>0.001). A statistically significant relation was noticed between YAP1 and P53 expression (P=0.009).Conclusion: YAP1 expression was found to be associated with many high-risk clinicopathological characteristics in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and with p53 expression; thus, it seems that YAP1 may have a specific impact on the patient's outcome.
Uropathology
Mahsa Ahadi; Afshin Moradi; Banafshe Bayat; Hanieh Zham; Seyed Jalil Hosseini; Sara Zahedifar; Afsoon Taghavi
Abstract
Background & Objective: Urothelial carcinoma is the seventh most common cancer in the world. The histological classification of papillary carcinoma is one of the most important determinants for its prognosis. Sometimes there is an overlap in the extent of the tumor, and the accurate microscopic diagnosis ...
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Background & Objective: Urothelial carcinoma is the seventh most common cancer in the world. The histological classification of papillary carcinoma is one of the most important determinants for its prognosis. Sometimes there is an overlap in the extent of the tumor, and the accurate microscopic diagnosis of the tumor is not always easy. The aim of this study was to evaluate P53 and CK20 immunohistochemical markers in comparison with morphologic findings in low- and high-grade urothelial carcinomas.Methods: For this descriptive study, urinary bladder samples were collected from 50 cancer patients who had undergone biopsy and surgery in Shohaday-e Tajrish Hospital of Tehran, Iran, during the years 2015-2016. P53 and CK20 were studied, and the demographic and histopathological characteristics of the tumor were also analysed.Results: The mean age of patients enrolled in this study (48 males and 2 females) was 65.8±11.9. Twenty-five cases presented with low-grade and 25 cases presented with high-grade papillary urothelial carcinomas. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for P53 were 48%, 80%, 70.5%, and 60.6%, respectively, while the same values for CK20 were 44%, 92%, 84.6%, and 62.2%, respectively. Immunohistochemical results were also positively correlated with the extent of the tumor. Conclusion: Based on the results, P53 and CK20 may serve as specific markers for diagnosis of low- and high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma but not sensitive. P53 and ck20 staining have also a high specificity as 80% and 92% and low sensitivity compared to the low and high morphology of papillary carcinoma, thus their positive and their staining intensity are valuable for diagnosis, but their negative results are not determinant.
