Biochemistry
Martina Montagnana; Elisa Danese; Gabriel Lima-Oliveira; Gian Luca Salvagno; Giuseppe Lippi
Abstract
Beside the well-established impact on decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (1), recent attention has been paid to the relationship between cocoa-containing foods and the immune system (2), showing that dark chocolate consumption enhances the systemic defense against bacterial (3) and viral ...
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Beside the well-established impact on decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (1), recent attention has been paid to the relationship between cocoa-containing foods and the immune system (2), showing that dark chocolate consumption enhances the systemic defense against bacterial (3) and viral (4) infections. Hence, the current study aimed at investigating the acute effect of dark chocolate intake on peripheral blood leukocytes.
Microbiology
Omid Maghsoudi; Reza Ranjbar; Seyyed Hesamoddin Mirjalili; Mahdi Fasihi Ramandi
Abstract
Background:The utility and efficacy of novel materials in tissue regeneration and antimicrobial therapy are contingent upon the employment of either blood derivatives rich in platelets or platelet-poor-plasma (PPP). This effect is largely mediated by the increased or decreased concentration of platelets ...
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Background:The utility and efficacy of novel materials in tissue regeneration and antimicrobial therapy are contingent upon the employment of either blood derivatives rich in platelets or platelet-poor-plasma (PPP). This effect is largely mediated by the increased or decreased concentration of platelets in the plasma. The current study aimed to analyze and evaluate the impact of platelet-rich (PRP) or PPP on inhibiting the growth of human pathogenic bacteria and compare their effects with those of chloramphenicol and penicillin. Methods: In the current comparative study, PRP–1 was generated using 1-step blood centrifugation method; whereas, for PRP–2 and PPP the 2-step centrifugation protocol was used. The antimicrobial activity of PRP–1, 2, and PPP were tested on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Shigella sp. and Serratia sp.Well diffusion and serial micro-dilution methods were used for this purpose. Chloramphenicol and penicillin susceptibility were tested using the disk diffusion method. Results: While whole blood (WB) and PPP had no discernible impact on the growth parameters of any of the bacteria tested in the current study,PRP-1 reduced the growth rate of a few selected strains. In addition, while PRP-2 clearly inhibited the growth of Shigella sp., E. coli, S. aureus, S. agalactiae, and S. epidermidis, it had no impact on the growth of K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa,andSerratia sp Conclusion: It can be claimed that there is a strong correlation between the concentration of platelets and the antibacterial activity of PRP.
beuy joob; viroj wiwanitkit
Volume 11, Issue 2 , April 2016, , Pages 189-190
Abstract
Ebola virus disease is the important emerging disease in Africa. This infection is deadly and has the main clinical feature as an acute hemorrhagic fever. The main hematological alteration in this infection is the platelet change. However, the change in other hematological parameters should be mentioned.
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Ebola virus disease is the important emerging disease in Africa. This infection is deadly and has the main clinical feature as an acute hemorrhagic fever. The main hematological alteration in this infection is the platelet change. However, the change in other hematological parameters should be mentioned.
Hedieh Moradi Tabriz; Alireza Abdollahi; Saeideh Mahfoozi
Volume 5, Issue 3 , June 2010, , Pages 143-149
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Blood stream infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in the world. In this study, we aimed at describing the organisms responsible for septicemia in 2006-2007 and their antimicrobial susceptibility that might lead to proper selection of antimicrobial agents ...
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Background and Objectives: Blood stream infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in the world. In this study, we aimed at describing the organisms responsible for septicemia in 2006-2007 and their antimicrobial susceptibility that might lead to proper selection of antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients with suspected sepsis. Materials and Methods: Microbiology reports of 1753 blood specimens collected from inpatients of a referral hospital in Iran were retrospectively reviewed. Specimen culture, bacterial identification, and disk diffusion susceptibility testing were performed according to The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Data were analyzed by SPSS, X² Test and the fisher exact Test. Results: Coagulase-negative Staphylococci accounted for most isolated bacteria (24.61%), in both genders. The second and third most frequent isolated bacteria in adults were staphylococcus aureus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and in children were Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. aureus. Among the all Gram – positive cocci, vancomycin was the most effective agent. The most effective antibiotic varied among the Gram-Negative isolates, for example 95.65% of S. maltophilia were susceptible to co-Trimoxazole, and amikacin were suitable antibiotic in 85.29% of E. coli. Conclusion: As the degree of antibiotic resistance rate for blood stream pathogens is alarming, it is mandatory to monitor the susceptibility of these isolates in order to avoid inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospital wards
Maryam Amini; Ahmad Javanmard; Ali Davati; Ghasem Azimi
Volume 4, Issue 3 , June 2009, , Pages 123-127
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nosocomial infections are one of the most important worldwide health and increased patients hospital stay, therapeutic problem and mortality rate. This study was designed to determine the frequency of microorganisms isolated from tracheal tube in patients admitted to ...
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Background and Objectives: Nosocomial infections are one of the most important worldwide health and increased patients hospital stay, therapeutic problem and mortality rate. This study was designed to determine the frequency of microorganisms isolated from tracheal tube in patients admitted to ICU Shaheed Mostafa Khomeini Hospital Tehran, Iran, from 2001-2005. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 352 patients admitted to ICU of the hospital were evaluated from 2001-2005. Information was derived from 18 questions in 2 parts, demographic and clinic/paraclinic. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software, and Mean Whitney, chi-square tests. Results: Most patients were in 70-98 years age group, with the mean age of 62.73±10.03, 64.2% & 35.8% were male and female, respectively. The highest hospitalization times were 2-30 days with the mean times of 24.06±16.68 days. In addition, the median time of intubation was 9 days. The most common microorganisms were Staphylococcus aurous (23.6%), Klebsiella spp. (23.3%) Acintobacter spp. (20.7%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (18.2%) Escherichia coli (7.7%), and Enterobacter spp.(5.7%) .There was significant association between the time of endotracheal intubation and S. aurous, P. aeroginosa, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp.. (P<0.05), and between E-coli and hospitalization time (P<0.05). No significant association was found between Acintobacter spp. and other microorganism with other variants. Discussion: It seems that there is no difference between our research and other studies about microorganism isolated from patients with endotracheal tube. We recommend a similar study designed in another hospital to determine the epidemiologic pattern of microorganism frequency.
Maliheh Khoddami; Maryam Farzaneh; Manigeh Garooni Anaraki
Volume 1, Issue 3 , June 2006, , Pages 117-120
Abstract
Background and Objective: This study was undertaken to assess the ability of standard urinalysis (UA) and hemocytometer white blood cell (WBC) counts for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with urinary symptoms. Materials and Methods: A total of 600 patients with symptoms of urinary ...
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Background and Objective: This study was undertaken to assess the ability of standard urinalysis (UA) and hemocytometer white blood cell (WBC) counts for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with urinary symptoms. Materials and Methods: A total of 600 patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection were enrolled in this prospective study. Standard UA, hemocytometer WBC counts, and quantitative urine culture tests were performed on the specimens. The results of UA and hemocytometry were compared with urine culture findings to determine the accuracy of these two methods in the diagnosis of UTI. In this regard, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, and likelihood ratios were determined for each of the screening tests. Results: There were 91 positive urine cultures with at least 105 bacteria per milliliter. Sixtyseven patients were female. The results of UA and hemocytometry were as follows: sensitivity 64.8% and 77%; specificity 89% and 90.3%; positive predictive value (PPV) 51.3% and 58.8%; negative predictive value (NPV) 93.4% and 95.6%; and accuracy 85.3% and 88.4% respectively. Conclusion: Although hemocytometer WBC counts have a higher sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value than standard UA, the differences are not statistically significant (p>0.05).
