Microbiology
Shabnam khavandi; Mohsen Arzanlou; Roghayeh Teimourpour; Hadi Peeridogaheh
Abstract
Background & Objective: Carbapenem-resistant is Gram-negative bacteria representing a worldwide public health problem. The present study aims to survey the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolates collected from hospitalized patients and outpatients ...
Read More
Background & Objective: Carbapenem-resistant is Gram-negative bacteria representing a worldwide public health problem. The present study aims to survey the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolates collected from hospitalized patients and outpatients in Ardabil province, Iran.Methods: Two hundred samples were collected from the patients who had already been referred to the hospitals in Ardabil, Iran, from January to June 2017. Each patient's social and demographic data were recorded in the first step. The resistance profile of all E. coli isolates against imipenem and meropenem antibiotics were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Moreover, the broth microdilution method determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of E. coli isolates to imipenem. The Carbapenem Inactivation Method (CIM) and Carba NP test were employed for screening carbapenem-resistant strains. The frequency of carbapenem-encoding genes was determined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR analysis was used to evaluate the genetic relatedness of E. coli isolates.Results: Out of 200 urine samples, 66% (n = 132) of the samples were collected from women. The patients' age varied from 1 month to 93 years. Results of the disk diffusion method revealed that 33% (n=66/200) of E. coli isolates were resistant to imipenem. However, imipenem resistance was detected in 37% (n = 74/200) of the E. coli isolates using broth microdilution method. All E. coli isolates were negative in CIM and Carba NP tests. Moreover, we could not detect any carbapenemase encoding genes among E. coli isolates. The ERIC-PCR method revealed the E. coli strains were classified into 39 clusters with 80% similarity.Conclusion: It appears that E. coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infection in Ardabil province.
Farinaz Rashedmarandi; Marjan Rahnamayefarzami; Mahnaz Saremi; Roghayeh Sabouri
Volume 3, Issue 4 , September 2008, , Pages 191-196
Abstract
Background and Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTIs) is one of the most common diagnosed infectious diseases. In order to determine the spectrum of bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of the uropathogens that cause community acquired UTI, a retrospective study was performed ...
Read More
Background and Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTIs) is one of the most common diagnosed infectious diseases. In order to determine the spectrum of bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of the uropathogens that cause community acquired UTI, a retrospective study was performed in Research Center of Reference laboratories of Iran on urine samples of referred patients during a 4 years period (from 2002 to 2006). Materials and Methods: During the study period, 4207 urine specimens were cultured. Cultures with a significant bacterial growth were selected and susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method. Results: Outof 4207 urine specimens, 476 (11%) yielded positive culture. Escherichia coli (44.5 %) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.5%) were the most predominant isolated bacteria respectively. Escherichia coli revealed the highest susceptibility among oral antibiotics to nitrofurantoin (76%) and the highest rate of resistance to carbenicillin (94%) and ampicillin (89%) respectively. In total isolates, the highest level of susceptibility was for imipenem (99%) and among oral antibiotics for nitrofurantoin (70 %), and the highest level of resistance was for carbenicillin (89%) and ampicillin (84%). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed a considerable resistance to fluoroquinolones and co-trimoxazole and a high sensitivity to nitrofurantoin among isolated bacteria. We strongly recommend nitrofurantoin as the drug of choice for empiric therapy of UTI in our country.
Horieh Saderi; Parviz Owlia; Mohammad Reza Jalali Nadoushan; Farid Zaeri; Elaheh Zandieh
Volume 1, Issue 3 , June 2006, , Pages 99-104
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study was designed as a retrospective study on urine samples during three years in Shaheed Mostafa Khomeini Hospital to determine demographic characteristics of patients with urinary tract infection (UTI), microbial etiology, and susceptibility of isolated bacteria to ...
Read More
Background and Objectives: This study was designed as a retrospective study on urine samples during three years in Shaheed Mostafa Khomeini Hospital to determine demographic characteristics of patients with urinary tract infection (UTI), microbial etiology, and susceptibility of isolated bacteria to antibiotics. Materials and Methods: All urines fulfilling the criteria for significant bacteriuria (>104 colonyforming units/ml of urine) were included in the study. Isolation and identification of bacteria was performed by standard method and susceptibility testing was determined by disk diffusion method according to NCCLS guideline. A total of 909 patients with urinary tract infection were enrolled in this study. Results: Mean age of the patients was 53.2 years. In addition, females were affected more often than males (female/male sex ratio was 2.22). Meanwhile, considering all strains, 79.5% were Gram-negative bacilli and 67.7% were Enterobacteriaceae. Furthermore, E.coli and Klebsiella spp represented the most common Gram-negative and Enterococci and S. aureus represented the most frequent Gram-positive isolates. The four most frequently isolated bacteria were E. coli (52.1%), Enterococci (10.5%), klebsiella spp. (10.3%), and pseudomonas spp. (9.4%). In addition, E. coli was significantly more common in females (56.6%) than in males (42.2%) and in outpatients (57.4%) than in inpatients (47.4%). The proportion of pseudomonas spp. was significantly higher in males (17.7%) than in females (5.6%). Enterococci were significantly more common in inpatients (12.5%) than in outpatients (8.4%). Altogether, the rate of susceptibility of all UTI pathogens was very low to ampicillin (6.9%) and high to cefotaxime (83.6%) and ciprofloxacin (78.2%). Urinary pathogens isolated from female patients and outpatients were more susceptible to most of examined antibiotics than those isolated from males and inpatients. Conclusion: It was found out that degrees for antibiotic resistance of urinary pathogens are alarming and show the necessity of keeping up the monitoring of antibiotics susceptibility in UTI isolates and restricting antibiotic consumption in our population.
