Microbiology
Samaneh Salarvand; Alireza Abdollahi; Pegah Afarinesh Khaki; Mahsa Norouzi Shadehi; Mohammad Taghi Beigh Mohammadi; Seyed Amir Miratashi Yazdi; Elham Nazar
Abstract
Background & Objective: Antibiotic resistance, especially in the form of multidrug-resistant (MDR), is a big problem, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistance and MDR patterns among patients hospitalized in the ICUs in one of the large referral ...
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Background & Objective: Antibiotic resistance, especially in the form of multidrug-resistant (MDR), is a big problem, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistance and MDR patterns among patients hospitalized in the ICUs in one of the large referral centers in Iran.Methods: The present study was conducted at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran (a great referral hospital), which admits critically ill patients requiring ICU services. To determine the rate of positive cultures for resistant strains, the patient’s blood specimens were sent to the laboratory of the hospital for inoculation on proper culture media within 2 hours of extraction. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using the Bauer–Kirby disk diffusion method.Results: A total of 1,755 samples were collected from the patients to assess microbial strains and antibiotic resistance. The most common microbial strains detected in the cultures extracted from peripheral blood samples were Klebsiella pneumonia (22.1%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (7.9%) and another coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (15.0%). The antibiogram test showed antibiotic resistance in 1,509 cases, leading to a resistance prevalence rate of 85.9%. The most common antimicrobial resistance observed was against cotrimoxazole (61.7%), ciprofloxacin (51.3%), imipenem (50.0%), and ampicillin (49.6%). The rate of MDR was found to be 96.3%.Conclusion: In Iran’s ICUs, a significantly high level of antibiotic resistance may be seen especially the MDR pattern, which indicates the need to change the pattern of prescribing and managing these drugs in ICU centers.
GI, Liver & Pancreas Pathology
Seyed Amir Miratashi Yazdi; Elham Nazar
Abstract
Background & Objective: Lymphovascular tumoral invasion is a typical histopathological feature of gastric carcinomas and supports the recognition of high-risk patients for the recurrence. We aimed to study the CD31 expression in diverse subtypes of gastric carcinomas and to show its association with ...
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Background & Objective: Lymphovascular tumoral invasion is a typical histopathological feature of gastric carcinomas and supports the recognition of high-risk patients for the recurrence. We aimed to study the CD31 expression in diverse subtypes of gastric carcinomas and to show its association with the histopathologic findings of the carcinoma to assess the prognosis.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 established patients of gastric adenocarcinoma from radical gastrectomy. The patients were classified according to the pathology assessments. Tumoral tissues were assessed by immunohistochemical staining for the CD31 expression. Malignant behavior was estimated by the histopathological evaluations.Results: CD31 positivity was described in 23 (57.5%) of all evaluated patients. The assessment of CD31 expression and tumor features presented no significant association between the CD31 expression and patients’ age, sex, tumor site, size, grade and stage, subtypes of carcinoma, perineural invasion, and also lymphovascular invasion (P>0.05).Conclusion: Lymphovascular invasion makes valuable additional evidence that might be useful to detect gastric carcinoma patients at high risk for the recurrence, who could be candidates for more supplementary therapies. However, in our society, the CD31 expression did not show any association with the aggressive histopathologic features of this tumor.
Molecular Pathology
Seyed Amir Miratashi Yazdi; Elham Nazar
Abstract
The etiology of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is largely unknown. Associations have been made with several inherited syndromes and with specific genetic lesions. The management of PC is challenging for clinicians. The complexity of molecular phenotypes increases with tumor aggressiveness. Lack of parafibromin ...
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The etiology of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is largely unknown. Associations have been made with several inherited syndromes and with specific genetic lesions. The management of PC is challenging for clinicians. The complexity of molecular phenotypes increases with tumor aggressiveness. Lack of parafibromin on immunohistochemistry staining and HRPT2 mutation present capable consequences in differentiating carcinoma from adenoma. Lack of parafibromin expression, the gene product of HRPT2 is now used as a diagnostic, prognostic and predictive marker for parathyroid carcinoma. The epigenetic alteration, for example, DNA methylation and modifications in the chromatin structure, are known as significant events that are the reason for parathyroid tumorigenesis. We suggest that adjuvant genetic and epigenetic target therapy should be considered in treating PC patients.