Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701Serology Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Benefits and Challenges1541553984110.30699/ijp.2020.39841ENMohammadreza Jalali NadoushanDepartment of Pathology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8817-2215Soha AhmadiDepartment of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, CanadaPaniz Jalali NadoushanDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, CanadaJournal Article20200301As COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, it is an emerging need to discuss different aspects of this pandemic. In any pandemic, valid and rapid laboratory diagnostic tests are critically important for early diagnosis, which will increase the rate of successful treatment and more importantly prevent the spread of the disease.<br /> Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701The Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Vulnerability Association with ABO/Rh Blood Types1561603984210.30699/ijp.2020.125135.2367ENAlireza AbdollahiDepartment of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5714-967XMaedeh Mahmoudi-aliabadiDepartment of Laboratory, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranVahid MehrtashDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranBita JafarzadehDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMohammadreza SalehiDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Imam Hospital complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200422<span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Background & Objective:</span></strong></span> Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most recent emerging viral disease. Defining the epidemiological aspects and factors influencing the susceptibility of the patients to COVID-19 has been an ongoing struggle. In the present study, we have investigated the connection between ABO histo-blood group phenotypes and the COVID-19.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Methods:</span></strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;"> </span></span>This study was conducted on 397 patients with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19 admitted to our center. Also, 500 individuals were selected to form the controls, all of whom had been disclosed to the same medical center in June 2019, before the onset of the outbreak.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Results:</span></strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;"> </span></span>Our results demonstrated ABO histo-blood phenotypes are correlated with patients’ susceptibility to the infection<strong>. </strong>A higher rate of infection was observed among patients with the AB histo-blood group, while patients with the O histo-blood group have shown a lower rate of infection. The Rh blood group phenotype was not statistically significant in determining a patient’s vulnerability.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Conclusion:</span></strong></span> Similar to several previous studies about other viral diseases’ association with ABO histo-blood groups, we have concluded that an individual’s ABO histo-blood group phenotype and his/her susceptibility to COVID-19 are indeed connected. So far, only one research has been conducted about this association. Interestingly, while we observed a decreased vulnerability to the disease among patients with an O histo-blood group, we have reached discordant results regarding the increased susceptibility among individuals with an AB histo-blood group, unlike A histo-blood group in the previous study.Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701Necessity of Routine Repeat Testing of Critical Values in Various Working Shifts1611663984310.30699/ijp.2020.99403.1980ENHiva SaffarDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1489-9611Alireza AbdollahiDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5714-967XAtefe Sadat HosseiniDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMojgan Torabi FarsaniDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranGhazal HajinasrollahDepartment of Community Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Pegah MohagheghDepartment of Community and Preventive Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IranJournal Article20181226<span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Background & Objective:</span></strong></span> Accurate and timely reporting of critical values is an important issue. There is some doubt whether repeat testing of critical values would offer any advantage over single testing or not. The aim of this study was evaluation of utility of routine repeat testing of critical values in our referral center and to compare probable variations in different working shifts.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Methods:</span></strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;"> </span></span>Clinical results of serum Potassium, Calcium, Blood Hemoglobin and Prothrombin Time (INR: International Normalized Ratio) were evaluated for three months.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Results:</span></strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;"> </span></span>Totally, 178, 96, 67 and 107 consecutive critical values for Potassium, Calcium, Hemoglobin and INR were reported, respectively. In potassium and Hemoglobin 5.05% and 1.17% of retest runs exceeded the acceptable tolerance limit. All of the calcium retest results were within the acceptable limit. For INR, 21/107 retest results did not meet the acceptable tolerance limit, nine still were critical. Afternoon working run performance was significantly better than the two others.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Conclusion:</span></strong></span> Our observation suggests that routine repeat of hematology and chemistry critical test result is not necessary and may adversely affect patient safety measure. However, attention should be paid to results greater than analytical measurement range and all such results should be repeated before reporting.Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701Interobserver Agreement in Assessing Dysplasia in Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps: A Multicentric Iranian Study1671743985310.30699/ijp.2020.115021.2250ENTahmineh MollasharifiDepartment of Pathology, Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Modarres Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4123-4543Mahsa AhadiDepartment of Pathology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-0995-3102Elena JamaliDepartment of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5536-9727Afshin MoradiDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1544-0992Parisa AsghariDepartment of Pathology, Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Modarres Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSaman MaroufizadehDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran0000-0001-5794-3876Behrang KazeminezhadDepartment of Pathology, Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Modarres Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-0854-4283Journal Article20190928<span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Background & Objective:</span></strong></span> Most colorectal cancers (CRCs) arise from adenomatous polyps, and clinical management of this type of polyp is highly dependent on the reliability and validity of the pathological diagnosis. The aim of this study was to examine the interobserver agreement of five pathologists in assessing dysplasia in adenomatous polyps.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Methods:</span></strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;"> </span></span> In this study, a total of 146 adenomatous polyps of patients undergoing colonoscopy were selected from hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran between 2017 and 2018. Five pathologists independently classified adenomatous polyps according to histologic type, nuclear pseudostratification, mitotic activity, nuclear polarity, nuclear pleomorphism, nuclear shape, nucleolus, chromatin pattern, cytology grade, architectural features, dysplasia, and final diagnosis. The overall kappa statistic (k) was used to assess agreement among pathologists.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Results:</span></strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;"> </span></span>The mean age of the patients was 62.06 ± 13.06 (mean ± SD) with a male-to-female ratio of 2.2:1. The most common site of resection was the sigmoid colon (28.1%). The highest agreement was found for dysplasia grade (<em>k</em>=0.415) and histologic type (<em>k</em>=0.401), whereas the lowest agreement was found for mitotic activity (<em>k</em>=0.185), nuclear shape (<em>k</em>=0.187), and nucleolus (<em>k</em>=0.196).<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Conclusion:</span></strong></span> Our findings indicate that agreement among pathologists in assessing dysplasia in adenomatous polyps is within fair to moderate levels of agreement. Therefore, there is a vital need to better clarify the current diagnostic criteria.Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701The Survival of Patients with t(15;17)(q22;q12) Positive Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Study in North-East of Iran1751813985410.30699/ijp.2020.101417.2007ENHossein AyatollahiCancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-4209-2543Ali BaziClinical Research Development Unit, Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, IranMohammad Hadi SadeghianCancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-3158-6983Ali FaniCancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranPayam SiyadatDepartment of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-1896-7848Maryam SheikhiCancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-2532-7929Omolbanin Sargazi-avalCancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, IranJournal Article20190127<span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Background & Objective:</span></strong></span> Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with t(15;17)(q22;q12) is a relatively common subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, our objective was to ascertain the survival of patients with this leukemia in north-east of Iran.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Methods:</span></strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;"> </span></span> Survival rates of 42 APL patients with t(15;17)(q22;q12) were assessed. Clinical information was obtained from archived medical records. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 18 software using log-ranked test and Kaplan Maier survival analysis.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Results:</span></strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;"> </span></span>Females and males comprised 49% and 51%, respectively. The mean age at diagnosis was 34.3 ± 14.1 years old. During the study period, 17 demises occurred in males, while this number was 7 in females. The mean survival of patients (month) was 23.22 ± 3.57 (95% CI: 16.21 ± 30.2). The five-year survival rate obtained 30%. Regarding demographic and clinical features, the highest rates of 5-year survival were recorded in patients with 20-35 years old (47.6%), males (51%), white blood cell count <10±/l (48%), and platelet count >140 ± /l (100%). <br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Conclusion:</span></strong></span> Younger age, lower WBC count and higher platelet count were significantly associated with longer survival in AML patients with t(15;17)(q22; q12).Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701Cytogenetics and Revised International Staging System (R-ISS): Risk Stratification in Multiple myeloma - A Retrospective Study in Indian Population1821883985710.30699/ijp.2020.105128.2078ENChethana Babu UdupaDepartment of Pathology, Kasturba Medical college Manipal, Manipal academy of higher education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaKARTHIK UDUPADepartment of Medical Oncology, Kasturba Medical college Manipal, Manipal academy of higher education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaAnanth PaiDepartment of Medical Oncology, Kasturba Medical college Manipal, Manipal academy of higher education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaPrathika SherigarDepartment of Medical Oncology, Kasturba Medical college Manipal, Manipal academy of higher education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaJournal Article20190405<span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Background & Objective:</span></strong></span> Cytogenetic abnormalities in Multiple myeloma (MM) has emerged as the most important factor that determine the prognosis and survival. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can detect a greater number of cytogenetic abnormalities as compared to conventional karyotyping and hence has become the standard test in determining genetic abnormalities in MM. The present study was planned as there is an unmet need to find out various cytogenetic abnormalities and to implement them in prognostic stratification by Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) among Indian population.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Methods:</span></strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;"> </span></span> A single institution retrospective study was conducted among a total of 117 patients newly diagnosed as Multiple Myeloma. They were analyzed for various cytogenetic abnormalities by using interphase FISH (iFISH) and were staged according to Revised International Staging System (R- ISS).<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Results:</span></strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;"> </span></span>Out of the 117 patients studied, deletion 17p13 (p53) was present in 16 patients (13.67%). Thirty patients (25.64%) showed deletion 13q14.3. Three patients (2.56%) were detected to have t(4:14).Two patients (1.7%) had t(11:14) and t(14:16), respectively. Total of 19 patients (16.23%) in our study exhibited high risk cytogenetics and two among them had more than one high risk cytogenetic abnormalities. There was a 66.4% moderate correlation between ISS-III and high-risk cytogenetics which was statistically insignificant. Of the total 117 patients, 37 (31.62%) were staged R-ISS III.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Conclusion:</span></strong></span> High risk cytogenetics was found in 16.23 % of our study population and del 17p13 was the most common high-risk cytogenetic abnormality. Of the studied subjects, 31.62% had R-ISS III, which is significantly higher compared to western population.Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701Detection of Apoptosis in Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma using Methyl Green Pyronin and Hematoxylin and Eosin1891963985810.30699/ijp.2020.107263.2115ENPooja SharmaDepartment of Oral Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IndiaAnjali NarwalDepartment of Oral Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IndiaMala KambojDepartment of Oral Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IndiaJournal Article20190504<span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Background & Objective:</span></strong></span> Cell population and turnover are controlled by a balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. Detection of apoptosis in oral cancer contributes to its better prognosis and improved management. This study aimed to quantify apoptotic cells in leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using methyl green-pyronin (MGP) and hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Methods:</span></strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;"> </span></span> The sample included a total of 130 subjects (comprising 108 males and 22 females). Formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues were used and categorized into three groups of normal oral mucosa (n=10), leukoplakia with dysplasia (n=60), and OSCC (n=60). The number of apoptotic cells and apoptotic index (AI) were calculated after staining with MGP and routine H & E stained slides.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Results:</span></strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;"> </span></span>MGP stained the condensed chromatin of apoptotic cells. Statistically significant difference (<em>P</em>≤0.001) was observed among various study groups in terms of numbers of AI and apoptotic cells. Also, AI increased with increasing grades of dysplasia, and it was the highest in well differentiated OSCC. Results were statistically significant in both H & E and MGP stained sections (<em>P</em>≤0.001). A good correlation was found between MGP and H & E staining results.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Conclusion:</span></strong></span> MGP is more specific and can lead to intense staining for chromatin in apoptotic cells. Accordingly, it can provide a good alternative to H&E in identifying apoptotic cells. Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701Histopathological Spectrum of Meningiomas with Emphasis on Prognostic Role of Ki67 Labelling Index1972043985910.30699/ijp.2020.107195.2119ENGirish SolankeDepartment of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104Vidya MonappaDepartment of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 5761040000-0002-1768-2875Ranjini KudvaDepartment of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104Journal Article20190810<span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Background & Objective:</span></strong></span> Meningiomas are the most frequently encountered primary non-glial tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). The Ki67 labelling index (Ki67LI) is a proliferation marker that may prove useful in determining the histological grade. This study aims at: 1) Studying the frequency, grade and histomorphological spectrum of meningiomas, 2) Evaluating 20 histological parameters and determining its utility in grading meningiomas and 3) Comparing the Ki67LI in the various subtypes and WHO grades.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Methods:</span></strong></span> The cases of meningiomas diagnosed in our Department from June 2009 to May 2014 were included. The clinical details, grade and 20 histological parameters: mitosis, vesicular nuclei, macronucleoli, nuclear pleomorphism, scattered bizarre nuclei, hypercellularity, sheeting, lymphocytes, small cell change, foam cells, ossification, necrosis, papillary change, lipidization, psammoma bodies, vascularization, brain invasion, dural invasion, bone invasion and other soft tissue invasion were recorded for each case. The average and highest Ki67LI was recorded as percentage and number per high power field.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Results:</span></strong></span> A total of 175 cases of meningioma were included: grade I (145), grade II (30). Atypical histological features like hypercellularity, sheeting, etc. were common in grade II tumors. Increased vascularity, lymphocytes and psammoma bodies were common in grade I tumors. Ki67LI (highest) ranged from 1-6% in grade I and 5-12% in grade II tumors.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Conclusion:</span></strong></span> Among different methods showing mitotic activity, Ki67% (highest) was the most statistically significant LI in differentiating grade I and grade II tumors. The median Ki67% (highest) was 4% for grade I and 7% for grade II tumors.Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701Allogenic Bone Graft Enriched by Periosteal Stem Cell and Growth Factors for Osteogenesis in Critical Size Bone Defect in Rabbit Model: Histopathological and Radiological Evaluation2052163986010.30699/ijp.2020.101715.2013ENHadi HassibiDepartment of Veterinary Surgery, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranAlireza FarsinejadDepartment of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, IranShahriar DabiriPathology and stem cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranDariush VosoughDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranAbbas MortezaeizadehPathology and stem cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranReza KheirandishDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahnoar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranOmid AzariDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranJournal Article20190119<span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Background & Objective:</span></strong></span>This study aimed to investigate the effect of decellularized allogeneic bone graft enriched by periosteal stem cells (PSCs) and growth factors on the bone repair process in a rabbit model, which could be used in many orthopedic procedures.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Methods:</span></strong></span> In this experimental study, a critical size defect (CSD) (10 mm) was created in the radial diaphysis of 40 rabbits. In group A, the defect was left intact with no medical intervention. In group B, the defect was filled by a decellularized bone graft. In group C, the defect was implanted by a decellularized bone graft enriched with platelet growth factors. In group D, the defect was treated by a decellularized bone graft seeded by periosteal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Also, in group E, the defect was filled by a decellularized bone graft enriched with platelet growth factors and periosteal MSCs. Radiological evaluation was done on the first day and then in the second, fourth, and eighth weeks after the operation. The specimens were harvested on the 28th and 56th postoperative days and evaluated for histopathological criteria.<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Results:</span></strong></span> The radiologic and microscopic analysis of the healing process in bone defects of the treated groups (C, D, and E) revealed more advanced repair criteria than those of groups A and B significantly (<em>P</em><0.05).<br /> <span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="background-color: #2c3e50;">Conclusion:</span></strong></span> Based on this study, it appears that implantation of concentrated PSCs in combination with growth factors and allogeneic cortical bone graft is an effective therapy for the repair of large bone defects.Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701Predicting Effects of Clinicopathological Variables on Her2 Gene Amplification by Chromogenic in situ Hybridization (CISH) in IHC Her2 (2+) Breast Cancer Patients; A Study from Iran2172243987210.30699/ijp.2020.110293.2172ENMohammad Hashemi-BahremaniDepartment of Pathology, Imam Hosein Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Abdolali EbrahimiDepartment of Pathology, Imam Hosein Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5624-9399Mohaddese FallahiDepartment of Pathology, Imam Hosein Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20190627<span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Background & Objective:</span></strong></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The <em>her2</em> amplification plays an important role in breast cancer management. Therefore, there is a need for using supplementary molecular methods in IHC equivocal cases. Present study has been conducted to determine the effects of clinicopathological variables on <em>her2</em> gene amplification by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) in IHC Her2 (2+) breast cancer individuals.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 14px;">Methods:</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zaferanyeh Laboratory collaborated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Tehran-Iran; 2015-2018). All pathological data related invasive breast cancer patients with equivocal IHC results were included. CISH method was performed as a supplementary technique. The associations between histopathologic variables, status of Ki-67 index, progesterone and estrogen receptors (PR & ER) with her2 amplification by CISH were investigated and analyzed. The level of significance was considered as P-value < 0.05.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">Result:</span></strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Totally, 239 patients with mean age of 53.2 years were studied. CISH identified <em>her2</em> gene amplification in 51 subjects (21.3%). The type of tumor (invasive ductal carcinoma), the tumor grade, and the value of Ki-67 index were directly correlated with her2 amplification. Significant negative associations were also observed between CISH results and ER and PR expression.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">Conclusion:</span></strong></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">As <em>her2</em> gene amplification was identified in 21.3% of invasive breast cancer patients with equivocal IHC results, it is supposed that applying CISH method may consider as a potentially valuable supplementary method. Results have also shown that higher grades of tumor, invasive ductal carcinoma, absences of hormone receptors and high Ki-67 index significantly correlated with the <em>her2</em> amplification. </span></span>Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701Expression Pattern of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Variants and Bcl-2 in Peripheral Lymphocytes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients2252313989810.30699/ijp.2020.110994.2187ENArmin AttarDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Interventional Cardiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMohsen Khosravi MaharlooeiStudents’ Research Committee, Cell and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMohammad NazarniaInternal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Division, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranAhmad HosseiniInstitute of Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranZohre BajalliStudents’ Research Committee, Cell and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranYalda Sadat MoeiniDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Intensive Care Unit, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranAhmad MonabatiDepartment of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Hematology research center, Shiraz university of medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-3378-1937Fatemeh AmirmoeziDepartment of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMansooreh JaberipourInstitute of Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMojtaba HabibagahiDepartment of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20190709<span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Background & Objective:</span></strong></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">It is not clear whether activated lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are more proliferative or less apoptotic. We aimed to delineate potential differences between B and T cells of SLE patients compared to healthy controls regarding the telomerase activity and apoptosis status.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 14px;">Methods:</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In this cross-sectional case control study, Blood samples were taken from 10 SLE patients and 10 healthy controls. B and T cells were separated using magnetic cell sorting system. Telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay and real-time PCR were used to determine the telomerase activity and the expression of alternatively spliced variants.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">Result:</span></strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Four patients under treatment showed significant telomerase activity in their T cells. Four of the newly diagnosed patients showed telomerase activity in their B cells (20% of all patients and 40% of new onset patients). There was no specific pattern of human telomerase reverse transcriptase variant expression within the patients’ lymphocytes. A significantly reduced expression of <em>Bcl-2 </em>was detected in B cells (<em>P</em>=0.018) and a trend toward lower <em>Bcl-2</em> expression in T cells was seen in SLE patients compared to healthy controls.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">Conclusion:</span></strong></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Although not definitive, our results may suggest that B cells may have more active roles during the earlier phases of the disease attack, while T cells take over when the disease reaches its chronic stages.</span></span>Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701Diagnostic Value of Cytokeratin 34 beta E12 (Ck34βE12) and α-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) Immunohistochemical Expression in Prostatic Lesions2322383990110.30699/ijp.2020.113544.2229ENIkram A. HasanPathology and Forensic Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0003-0817-5449Hiba GaidanPathology and Forensic Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0003-3178-308XMethaq Al-kaabiPathology and Forensic Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-5758-1868Journal Article20190906<span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Background & Objective:</span></strong></span></span></span><br />Some prostatic lesions contain small suspicious foci for prostatic carcinoma in which the morphological features are equivocal. Two immunohistochemical markers namely, cytokeratin 34 beta E12 (Ck34βE12) and α-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), were evaluated in these lesions for a definitive diagnosis and avoiding misdiagnosis or overdiagnosis of prostatic carcinoma.<br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 14px;">Methods:</strong></span></span><br /><span>A total of 90 paraffin embedded blocks of prostatic tissue were selected and categorized into three groups as follows: 50 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 20 cases of prostatic carcinoma, and 20 cases of benign prostatic lesions with suspicious foci labeled as ASAP (atypical small acinar proliferation) that occupy not more than 5% of the lesion. These cases were revised for histopathological diagnosis and stained with two immunohistochemical markers: Ck34βE12 and AMACR. </span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">Result:</span></strong></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span>While 92.9% of BPH were positive for Ck34βE12, 96% of prostatic carcinoma were negative for this marker (<em>P</em>=0.0001). Regarding AMACR, 92.9% of BPH cases were negative, but 92% of prostatic carcinoma cases were positive for this marker (<em>P</em>=0.0001). Out of 20 cases of BPH, 15 cases containing suspicious foci showed Ck34βE12+/AMACR- (diagnosis: benign), but 5 cases were Ck34βE12-/AMACR+, for which the diagnosis changed to prostatic carcinoma (<em>P</em>=0.04).</span><br /> <span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">Conclusion :</span></strong></span><br />Immunohistochemical staining with Ck34βE12 and AMACR improved the diagnostic performance and also increased confidence level for establishing definite diagnosis in cases with suspicious foci, in which the morphological features were equivocal. This could help to avoid misdiagnosis or overdiagnosis of prostatic carcinoma that would eventually improve the management of the patient and subsequently the prognosis.<br /></span>Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701Androgen Receptor Expression and Its Correlation with Clinicopathological Parameters in Iranian Patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer2392443990210.30699/ijp.2020.112819.2224ENAzar NaimiDepartment. of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMaryam SultanDepartment. of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranElham AmjadiDepartment. of Pathology, Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranParvin GoliDepartment. of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAmirhosein KefayatDepartment of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-0616-8870Journal Article20190829<span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Background & Objective:</span></strong></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Our knowledge about correlation of androgen receptor expression and clinicopathological properties of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients is inadequate, particularly in the Iranian population. The main aim of the present study was to assess the AR expression in TNBC Iranian patients and evaluate its correlation with their clinicopathological parameters.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 14px;">Methods:</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Herein, 76 TNBC patients were evaluated for the AR expression by immunohistochemistry. The slides' staining intensity was investigated according to the average degree of nuclear staining and sub-classified into negative (0), weak (1), moderate (2), or strong (3). Subsequently, the positive cells percentage for each slide was assessed and sub-classified into <25% (1), 25-50% (2), 50-75% (3), and >75% (4). The aggregation of these two scores was used as the final score ranging from 0 to 7. While 4-7 scores were selected as positive, the others were included in the AR-negative expression group. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the AR expression correlation with the clinicopathological parameters.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">Result :</span></strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Positive immunoreactivity for AR was observed in 8 out of 76 (11%) specimens. No-correlation (<em>P</em>>0.05) was observed between the AR expression and grade, stage, lymph node status, and Ki-67 level. The AR-positive patients exhibited older age at the time of diagnosis (<em>P</em>=0.0339) and larger tumor size (<em>P</em>=0.0224) in comparison with the AR-negative patients. Low percentage of TNBC patients expressed AR and no significant correlation was observed between its expression and most of the clinicopathological parameters.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">Conclusion :</span></strong></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">AR may not be a suitable biomarker and treatment target for the Iranian patients with TNBC.</span></span>Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701Cyclin D1 Expression in Patients with Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma2452503990410.30699/ijp.2020.116579.2276ENVahid ZandDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran0000-0001-6725-5198Fariba BineshDept. of Pathology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran0000-0002-6917-3028Mojtaba MeybodianDept. of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran0000-0001-0658-7757Farzan Safi DahajStudent Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran0000-0001-5208-9201Arezoo Alamdar YazdiDept. of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran0000-0001-8540-2946Journal Article20191128<span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Background & Objective:</span></strong></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is considered to be one of the most common cancers of the head and neck, accounting for roughly 90% of all malignant tumors of the larynx. To have a timely diagnosis for a better and practical therapy, molecular markers have to be investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of Cyclin D1 (CD1) in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 14px;">Methods:</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In this study the demographic data of 82 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, including age, gender and geographical region history of smoking and drug abuse, paraclinical findings, surgical description, and pathologic reports were extracted from their medical records. The stage and grade of the disease and tumor location were determined using their medical records. An appropriate tissue sample was selected. Then, the selected cancerous tissue samples stored as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue then were (Immunohistochemistry) IHC stained and analyzed in terms of the expression of CD1.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">Result & Conclusion :</span></strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">According to the results, 75 out of 82 (91.5%) investigated samples were positive for CD1 expression. There was a significant relationship between stage of the disease (<em>P</em>=0.041) and CD1 expression in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. There was no significant relationship between gender (<em>P</em>=0.055), age (<em>P</em>=0.256), history of smoking and drug abuse (<em>P</em>=0.192), location of the tumor (<em>P</em>=0.90), grade of the disease (<em>P</em>=0.515) and geographical region (<em>P</em>=0.466) and CD1 expression in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The results of the present study showed that CD1 expression was higher (91.5%) in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to the other studies. According to the results we can conclude that stage of the disease can significantly affect CD1 expression in patients with squamous cell carcinoma.</span></span>Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701Salivary Duct Carcinoma with Late Distant Brain and Cutaneous Metastasis: A Case Report2512553990510.30699/ijp.2020.103326.2039ENHassan Mir Mohammad SadeghiOral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Taleghani Hospital, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAbbas KarimiOral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Shariati Hospital, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAmirsina RahpeimaSchool of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSamira DerakhshanOral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4373-9043Journal Article20190205<span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and highly aggressive salivary gland tumor with poor prognosis, rapid growth, distant metastasis, early regional metastasis, and a high rate of recurrence<span dir="RTL">.</span> The parotid gland is the most common site of involvement, and the lungs and the bones are the most common sites of distant metastasis of SDC. Herein, we present a case of SDC of the parotid gland in a 62-year-old male patient with an unusual metastasis to the skin of the primary site and brain 6 years after primary treatment, which comprised of total parotidectomy and radical neck dissection followed by radiotherapy. It is noteworthy that in few cases of SDC with infiltration, (and not in low-grade intraductal carcinoma of the salivary glands), routine treatment may not suffice, and long-term follow-up is highly recommended.</span></span>Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of PathologyIranian Journal of Pathology1735-530315320200701Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma: A Very Rare Entity Originating from the External Auditory Canal2562583990610.30699/ijp.2020.115463.2255ENBehrouz ShokouhiDepartment of Pathology, Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranParisa MehrasaDepartment of Pathology, Emam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranFarzad AslaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Emam Ali Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20191012<span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) is an uncommon lesion of the upper aerodigestive tract. It is characterized by abnormal glandular formations with ciliated epithelium arising from the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx, but other locations have also been described. We did not find any other cases of this hamartomas in the external auditory canal in the literature. A 40-year-old man was referred to the otorhinolaryngology department due to otorrhea and decreased hearing from 1 year ago. Otoscopic examination showed a reddish hemorrhagic mass in the left external auditory canal. Intraoperatively, the tumor was completely resected. The pathologic findings were consistent with REAH.</span></span>