ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Serum Pentraxin-3 Level in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Compared with Control Group
Background & Objective: The aim of this study was to measure serum pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and compare it with the control group.Methods: In this case-control study, 60 patients with MI (±ST-segment elevation) were included in the case group , and those with symptoms suspicious for coronary artery disease (CAD) and with no abnormal findings in angiography and troponin I level less than 99th percentile of normal population were included as a control group (N=30). Serum PTX3 and troponin I were measured.Results: In this study, 60 patients including 34 men and 26 women were included in the case group (mean age: 61.4±8.86 years in non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI] subgroup and mean age: 57.9±9.49 years in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] subgroup), as well as 13 men and 17 women as the control group (mean age: 55.47±10.09 years). PTX3 level was higher in MI cases (1128.4±1205 pg/mL) compared to controls (394.5±170.40 pg/mL) (P=0.001). There was no relationship between ejection fraction (EF) and PTX3 level in the MI group. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PTX3 in MI was presented by 0.828 (AUC=0.828) (P>0.001). We defined three different cutoffs for PTX in this study, in which the cutoff ≥400 pg/mL had the highest sensitivity (92%), and the cutoff ≥700 pg/mL had the highest specificity (97%). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, PTX3 as an inflammatory marker showed higher level in patients with MI, especially in STEMI cases. Therefore, combined evaluation of troponin I and PTX3 levels would be associated with more accuracy in diagnosis of MI.
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244473_572c0744121fe810e16245e4a137b251.pdf
2021-07-01
243
247
10.30699/ijp.2021.116962.2268
Pentraxin 3
Troponin I
Myocardial Ischemia
Coronary angiography
Alireza
Firouzjahi
a.firouzjahi@mubabol.ac.ir
1
The Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeedeh
Eris
eris.a@gmail.com
2
Student Committee Research, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Farzad
Jalali
f.jalali@mubabol.ac.ir
3
The Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Bijani
drbijani@yahoo.com
4
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ranaei
drm.ranaee@yahoo.com
5
Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Beatty AL, Ku IA, Bibbins‐Domingo K, Christenson RH, DeFilippi CR, Ganz P, et al. Traditional risk factors versus biomarkers for prediction of secondary events in patients with stable coronary heart disease: from the heart and soul study. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2015;4(7):e001646. [DOI:10.1161/JAHA.114.001646] [PMID] [PMCID]
1
Sarkees ML, Bavry AA. Acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina and non-ST elevation MI). BMJ clinical evidence. 2009;2009.
2
Eggers KM, Armstrong PW, Califf RM, Johnston N, Simoons ML, Venge P, et al. Clinical and prognostic implications of circulating pentraxin 3 levels in non ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Clinical biochemistry. 2013;46(16):1655-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.08.014] [PMID]
3
Matsui S, Ishii J, Kitagawa F, Kuno A, Hattori K, Ishikawa M, et al. Pentraxin 3 in unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis. 2010;210(1):220-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.10.033] [PMID]
4
Nebuloni M, Pasqualini F, Zerbi P, Lauri E, Mantovani A, Vago L, et al. PTX3 expression in the heart tissues of patients with myocardial infarction and infectious myocarditis. Cardiovascular Pathology. 2011;20(1):e27-e35. [DOI:10.1016/j.carpath.2010.02.005] [PMID]
5
Inoue K, Sugiyama A, Reid PC, Ito Y, Miyauchi K, Mukai S, et al. Establishment of a high sensitivity plasma assay for human pentraxin3 as a marker for unstable angina pectoris. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2007;27(1):161-7. [DOI:10.1161/01.ATV.0000252126.48375.d5] [PMID]
6
Garvey W, Mechanick J, Brett E, Garber A, Hurley D, Jastreboff A, et al. Reviewers of the AACE/ACE Obesity Clinical Practice Guidelines. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for medical care of patients with obesity. Endocr Pract. 2016;22(Suppl 3):1-203. [DOI:10.4158/EP161365.GL] [PMID]
7
Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P. Braunwald's Heart Disease E-Book: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011.
8
Rashtchizadeh N, Sede SA, Ghaffari MA, Mohammadzadeh G, Majidi S. Associations of pentraxin 3 with presence and severity of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes patients/[Tip 2 diyabet hastalarında koroner arter hastalığı varlığının ve şiddetinin pentraxin 3 ile ilişkisi]. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry. 2015;40(1):37-43. [DOI:10.5505/tjb.2015.60024]
9
Ma B, Simala-Grant JL, Taylor DE. Fucosylation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Glycobiology. 2006;16(12):158R-84R. [DOI:10.1093/glycob/cwl040] [PMID]
10
Kume N, Mitsuoka H, Hayashida K, Tanaka M. Pentraxin 3 as a biomarker for acute coronary syndrome: comparison with biomarkers for cardiac damage. Journal of cardiology. 2011;58(1):38-45. [DOI:10.1016/j.jjcc.2011.03.006] [PMID]
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Diagnostic Utility of Combined CEA, CA15-3 and CA125 Biomarkers and Cytomorphology in Suspicious and Malignant Serosal Fluid
Background & Objective: Early detection of malignancies in the serous fluids has been remained an issue. A classic diagnostic tool for the ascites and pleural effusions is cytologic study (morphology) with approximately 98% specificity for the detection of cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of three complementary markers in the serosal fluids of patients with malignant cytology and suspected cases.Methods: Seventy two patients with serosal effusion treated in three teaching hospitals were studied. The cases underwent a diagnostic workup to determine the pleural effusion malignancy and etiologies. Complementary markers, including CEA, CA15-3, and CA125 were measured in serosal fluids of three categories of benign, suspicious, and malignant. The study was carried out by Chemiluminescence immunoalayzer. The morphologies were re-evaluated by a consulting Cytopathologist.Results: Of 72 serosal fluid specimens, 41 (56.9%) were related to pleural effusion and 31 (43.1%) were related to ascites. The sensitivity of CEA, CA125, and CA15-3 biomarkers were 64, 84, and 68%, respectively, and the specificity of each test was 100, 86, and 96%, respectively. This was statistically achieved for the combination of the area of markers below the curve (AUC), 0.93 and 90% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Conclusion: The results suggest that complementary CA125, CA15-3, and CEA markers assayed with well-developed immunoassay method might be useful in the differentiation between malignant and benign effusions while combined with conventional cytology. CA125 yielded a significant correlation between cytomorphology and biomarkers based on the correlation coefficient analysis.
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244474_d17bbf0884a1a2623896a3e1b8c89acf.pdf
2021-07-01
248
255
10.30699/ijp.2021.130458.2450
Body Fluids
CA 125
CA 15-3
CEA
Chemiluminescence
Zahra
Rahemi
dr.zahrarahemi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pathology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolreza
Javadi
reza.javadi@sbmu.ac.ir
2
Department of Pathology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Behrang
Kazeminejad
dkazeminezhad@sbmu.ac.ir
3
Department of Pathology, Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolali
Ebrahimi
ebrahimibeheshti@gmail.com
4
Department of Pathology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Houman
Vosough
hooman_vosough@yahoo.com
5
Imam Hossein Central Medical Laboratory, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Afsoon
Taghavi
afsoontaghavi@gmail.com
6
Department of Pathology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahriar
Dabiri
dabiri12@yahoo.com
7
Department of Pathology, Afzalipour Medical School, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Braunschweig T, Chung J-Y, Choi CH, Cho H, Chen Q-R, Xie R, et al. Assessment of a panel of tumor markers for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant effusions by well-based reverse phase protein array.Diagn Pathol 2015;10(1):53. [DOI:10.1186/s13000-015-0290-4] [PMID] [PMCID]
1
Topolcan O, Holubec L, Polivkova V, et al. Tumor markers in pleural effusions. Anticancer Res. 2007;27(4A):1921-4.
2
Mezger J, Permanetter W, Gerbes A, Wilmanns W, Lamerz RJJocp. Tumour associated antigens in diagnosis of serous effusions. J Clin Pathol, 1988;41(6):633-43. [DOI:10.1136/jcp.41.6.633] [PMID] [PMCID]
3
Mohanty S, Dey PJPmj. Serous effusions: diagnosis of malignancy beyond cytomorphology. An analytic review. Postgraduate Med J 2003;79(936):569-74. [DOI:10.1136/pmj.79.936.569] [PMID] [PMCID]
4
Yang Y. Liu Y. L. Shi H. Z. Diagnostic Accuracy of Combinations of Tumor Markers for Malignant Pleural Effusion: An Updated Meta-Analysis. Respiration 2017;94:62-9 [DOI:10.1159/000468545] [PMID]
5
Nguyen AH, Miller EJ, Wichman CS, Berim IG, Agrawal DK. Diagnostic value of tumor antigens in malignant pleural effusion: a meta-analysis. Transl Res. 2015;166(5):432-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.trsl.2015.04.006] [PMID] [PMCID]
6
Farag DH, El Hadidi E, El Maraghy MO, Hussein MM: Pleural CYFRA 21-1 and CA 15-3 in differentiation of malignant from benign pleural effusions. Life Sci J 2012; 9: 499-505.
7
Alata F, Alata O, Metinta M, Colak O, Harmanci E, Demir S. Diagnostic value of CEA, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, CYFRA 21-1, NSE and TSA assay in pleural effusions. Lung Cancer. 2001;31(1):9-16. [DOI:10.1016/S0169-5002(00)00153-7]
8
Qiang Wu, et al. Clinical diagnostic utility of CA 15-3 for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion: A meta-analysis Exp Ther Med. 2015 Jan; 9(1): 232-8. [DOI:10.3892/etm.2014.2039] [PMID] [PMCID]
9
ADVIA Centaur XPT Immunoassay System, an advanced automated immunoassay analyzer designed for continuous operation. https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/immunoassay/systems/advia-centaur-xpt. (Accessed July 17, 2020).
10
Hoskovec D, Varga J, Kone?n? E, Antos F. Levels of CEA and Ca 19 - 9 in the sera and peritoneal cavity in patients with gastric and pancreatic cancers. Acta Cir Bras. 2012;27(6):410-6. [DOI:10.1590/S0102-86502012000600009] [PMID]
11
Crepaldi-Filho R, Palma RT, Marcelo Franchini Giusti MF, de Assis Galveo Bueno M, da Silva PSL, Waisberg J. Levels of carcinoeembryonic antigen and CA 19-9 in the sera and peritoneal washing of patients undergoing surgical treatment for gastric carcinoma. Arq Gastroenterol. 2008;45:219-24. [DOI:10.1590/S0004-28032008000300010] [PMID]
12
McPherson RA, Pincus MR. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 23th ed . St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier; 2017.Pages 880&1436. ISBN: 978-0-323-29568-0
13
Randox International Quality Assessment Scheme, the world largest external quality assessment (EQA). https://www.randox.com/external-quality-assessment/. (Accessed July 17, 2020).
14
Porcel JM, Vives M, Esquerda A, Salud A, Perez B, Rodriguez-Panadero F. Use of a panel of tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 125, carbohydrate antigen 15-3, and cytokeratin 19 fragments) in pleural fluid for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant effusions. Chest. 2004; 126 (6): 1757-63. [DOI:10.1378/chest.126.6.1757] [PMID]
15
Filiberti R, Parodi S, Libener R, et al. Diagnostic value of mesothelin in pleural fluids: comparison with CYFRA 21-1 and CEA. Med Oncol. 2013; 30(2): 543. [DOI:10.1007/s12032-013-0543-6] [PMID]
16
Hsieh TC, Huang WW, Lai CL, Tsao SM, Su CC: Diagnostic value of tumor markers in lung adenocarcinoma-associated cytologically negative pleural effusions. Cancer Cytopathol, 2013; 121: 483-8. [DOI:10.1002/cncy.21283] [PMID]
17
Son SM, Han HS, An JY, et al. Diagnostic performance of CD66c in lung adenocarcinoma-associated malignant pleural effusion: comparison with CEA, CA 19-9, and CYFRA 21-1. Pathology. 2015;47(2):123-9. [DOI:10.1097/PAT.0000000000000215] [PMID]
18
Ghayumi SM, Mehrabi S, Doroudchi M, Ghaderi A. Diagnostic value of tumor markers for differentiating malignant and benign pleural effusions of Iranian patients. Pathol Oncol Res. 2005;11(4):236-41. [DOI:10.1007/BF02893857] [PMID]
19
Korczynski P, Krenke R, Safianowska A, Gorska K, Chaz BA, Maskey-Warzechowska M, et al. Diagnostic utility of pleural fluid and serum markers in differentiation between malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions. 2009;14(S4):128. [DOI:10.1186/2047-783X-14-S4-128] [PMID] [PMCID]
20
Liang QL, Shi HZ, Qin XJ, Liang XD, Jiang J, Yang HB. Diagnostic accuracy of tumour markers for malignant pleural effusion: a meta-analysis. Thorax. 2008;63(1):35-41. [DOI:10.1136/thx.2007.077958] [PMID]
21
Ferrer J, Villarino MA, Encabo G, Felip E, Bermejo B,Vila S, Orriols R. Diagnostic utility of CYFRA 21-1, carcinoembryonicantigen, CA 125, neuron specific enolase,and squamous cell antigen level determinations in the serum and pleural fluid of patients with pleural effusions. Cancer 1999; 86: 1488-95. [DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19991015)86:83.0.CO;2-Y]
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Investigation on the Results of Cytopathologic Tests of Pancreatobiliary System Performed in the Pathology Department in Iran
Background & Objective: Pancreatobiliary system disorders commonly include inflammatory diseases and tumors. Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is challenging and is mostly achieved when the disease has extensively progressed, and metastasis has occurred. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate cytopathology in the diagnosis of Pancreatobiliary malignancies, which can improve diagnostic adequacy and accuracy.Methods: A total of 116 cytopathologic results of the Pancreatobiliary system, performed in the Pathology Department of Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran during 2017-2018 were selected and examined in this observational study. The frequency of different results was determined and compared with other variables.Results: The most common location of the lesions was the pancreas (47%). The lesions were categorized as malignant, benign, negative, suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and atypical in 28%, 10%, 24%, 14%, and 9% of the cases, respectively. In other cases, lesions were considered non-diagnostic. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) was conducted in 25% of patients. Compatibility of the initial and final diagnoses was 100%, 50%, and 60% in cases with “malignant”, “benign”, and “negative” diagnoses, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values of cytopathology in the diagnosis of Pancreatobiliary lesions were 75.8%, 92.3%, 95.9%, and 61.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that half of the lesions of the Pancreatobiliary system were positive, SFM, and atypical. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) were effective modalities in diagnosing Pancreatobiliary malignancies. The most important point in our experience is the increase in diagnostic sensitivity in the presence of ROSE. Therefore, the simultaneous use of ROSE and EUS-FNA can reduce the need for re-sampling.
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244477_88f26df94f300559aac3c3364d90c620.pdf
2021-07-01
256
265
10.30699/ijp.2021.131467.2462
Cytopathology
Pancreatobiliary system
rose
Sensitivity
Specificity
Afshin
Moradi
afshinmoradi@sbmu.ac.ir
1
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Amir
Sadeghi
amirsadeghimd@yahoo.com
2
Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Asadzadeh Aghdaei
hamidasadzadeh@sbmu.ac.ir
3
Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Tahmineh
Mollasharifi
tahmineh_sharifi@sbmu.ac.ir
4
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahsa
Ahadi
mahsa-ahadi@sbmu.ac.ir
5
Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Elena
Jamali
dr_e_jamali@sbmu.ac.ir
6
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Afsoon
Taghavi
afsoon496@yahoo.com
7
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nasim
Foroozandeh Shahraki
nasimforoozandeh@yahoo.com
8
Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Arsham
Moradi
arsham.moradi@mail.utoronto.ca
9
University of Toronto, Department of Biology, Toronto, Canada
AUTHOR
Ettinghausen SE, Schwartzentruber DJ, Sindelar WF. Evolving strategies for the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. A review. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1995;21(1):48-60. [DOI:10.1097/00004836-199507000-00012] [PMID]
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Levy MJ, Wiersema M, Chari ST. Chronic pancreatitis: focal pancreatitis or cancer? Is there a role for FNA/biopsy? Autoimmune pancreatitis. Endoscopy. 2006;39(S 1):30-5. [DOI:10.1055/s-2006-946648] [PMID]
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Thomas C, Ngheim H, Pellegrini C. Pancreatic cancer diagnosis and therapy. Cancer of the Pancreas. 1996:419-34.
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Bray F, Ren JS, Masuyer E, Ferlay J. Global estimates of cancer prevalence for 27 sites in the adult population in 2008. Int J Cancer. 2013;132(5):1133-45. [DOI:10.1002/ijc.27711] [PMID]
4
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5
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Logrono R, Kurtycz DF, Molina CP, Trivedi VA, Wong JY, Block KP. Analysis of false-negative diagnoses on endoscopic brush cytology of biliary and pancreatic duct strictures: the experience at 2 university hospitals. Arch pathol Lab Med. 2000;124(3):387-92. [DOI:10.5858/2000-124-0387-AOFNDO] [PMID]
7
Navaneethan U, Njei B, Lourdusamy V, Konjeti R, Vargo JJ, Parsi MA. Comparative effectiveness of biliary brush cytology and intraductal biopsy for detection of malignant biliary strictures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2015;81(1):168-76. [DOI:10.1016/j.gie.2014.09.017] [PMID] [PMCID]
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9
Bruno P, Ricci A, Esposito M, Scozzi D, Tabbì L, Sposato B, et al. Efficacy and cost effectiveness of rapid on site examination (ROSE) in management of patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathies. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013;17(11):1517-22.
10
Varadarajulu S, Tamhane A, Eloubeidi MA. Yield of EUS-guided FNA of pancreatic masses in the presence or the absence of chronic pancreatitis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2005;62(5):728-36. [DOI:10.1016/j.gie.2005.06.051] [PMID]
11
Levy MJ, Clain JE, Clayton A, Halling KC, Kipp BR, Rajan E, et al. Preliminary experience comparing routine cytology results with the composite results of digital image analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization in patients undergoing EUS-guided FNA. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2007;66(3):483-90. [DOI:10.1016/j.gie.2007.03.1053] [PMID]
12
Yang F, Liu E, Sun S. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) with EUS-FNA: The ROSE looks beautiful. Endosc Ultrasound. 2019;8(5):283. [DOI:10.4103/eus.eus_65_19] [PMID] [PMCID]
13
Yamaguchi T, Shirai Y, Nakamura N, Sudo K, Nakamura K, Hironaka S, et al. Usefulness of brush cytology combined with pancreatic juice cytology in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: significance of pancreatic juice cytology after brushing. Pancreas. 2012;41(8):1225-9. [DOI:10.1097/MPA.0b013e31825d60fc] [PMID]
14
Kong F, Kong X, Zhu J, Sun T, Du Y, Wang K, et al. A prospective comparison of conventional cytology and digital image analysis for the identification of pancreatic malignancy in patients undergoing EUS-FNA. Endosc Ultrasound. 2019;8(4):269. [DOI:10.4103/eus.eus_9_19] [PMID] [PMCID]
15
Al-Haddad M, Eloubeidi MA. Interventional EUS for the diagnosis and treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. J Pancreas. 2010;11(1):1-7.
16
Hebert‐Magee S, Bae S, Varadarajulu S, Ramesh J, Frost A, Eloubeidi M, et al. The presence of a cytopathologist increases the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a meta‐ Cytopathology. 2013;24(3):159-71. [DOI:10.1111/cyt.12071] [PMID] [PMCID]
17
Khurana KK, Graber B, Wang D, Roy A. Telecytopathology for on-site adequacy evaluation decreases the nondiagnostic rate in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of pancreatic lesions. Telemed J E Health. 2014;20(9):822-7. [DOI:10.1089/tmj.2013.0316] [PMID]
18
Klapman JB, Logrono R, Dye CE, Waxman I. Clinical impact of on-site cytopathology interpretation on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(6):1289-94. [DOI:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07472.x] [PMID]
19
Tournoy KG, Praet MM, Van Maele G, Van Meerbeeck JP. Esophageal endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration with an on-site cytopathologist: high accuracy for the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Chest. 2005;128(4):3004-9. [DOI:10.1378/chest.128.4.3004] [PMID]
20
Elek G, Gyökeres T, Schäfer E, Burai M, Pintér F, Pap Á. Early diagnosis of pancreatobiliary duct malignancies by brush cytology and biopsy. Pathol Oncol Res. 2005;11(3):145. [DOI:10.1007/BF02893391] [PMID]
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Štoos-Veić T, Bilić B, Kaić G, Trutin Ostović K, Babić Ž, Kujundžić M. Biliary brush cytology for the diagnosis of malignancy: a single center experience. Coll Antropol. 2010;34(1):139-43.
22
Levy MJ, Oberg TN, Campion MB, Clayton AC, Halling KC, Henry MR, et al. Comparison of methods to detect neoplasia in patients undergoing endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. Gastroenterology. 2012;142(5):1112-21. e2. [DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.02.002] [PMID]
23
Vincent A, Herman J, Schulick R, Hruban RH, Goggins M. Pancreatic cancer. The lancet. 2011;378(9791):607-20. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62307-0]
24
Mahmoudi N, Enns R, Amar J, AlAli J, Lam E, Telford J. Biliary brush cytology: factors associated with positive yields on biliary brush cytology. World J Gastroenterol: WJG. 2008;14(4):569. [DOI:10.3748/wjg.14.569] [PMID] [PMCID]
25
Conti CB, Cereatti F, Grassia R. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling of solid pancreatic masses: the fine needle aspiration or fine needle biopsy dilemma. Is the best needle yet to come? World J Gastroenterol. 2019;11(8):454. [DOI:10.4253/wjge.v11.i8.000] [PMID] [PMCID]
26
Pitman MB, & Layfield LJ. Guidelines for Pancreatobiliary cytology from the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology: a review. Cancer Cytopathol. 2014;122(6), 399-411. [DOI:10.1002/cncy.21427] [PMID]
27
Iglesias-Garcia J, Lariño-Noia J, Abdulkader I, Domínguez-Muñoz JE. Rapid on-site evaluation of endoscopic-ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of pancreatic masses. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(28):9451. [DOI:10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9451] [PMID] [PMCID]
28
Kong F, Zhu J, Kong X, Sun T, Deng X, Du Y, et al. Rapid on-site evaluation does not improve endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration adequacy in pancreatic masses: a meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One. 2016;11(9). [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0163056] [PMID] [PMCID]
29
Martha Bishop Pitman, Lester James Layfield, The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology System for Reporting Pancreatobiliary Cytology. Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
30
Kuzu UB, Ödemiş B, Turhan N, Parlak E, Dişibeyaz S, Suna N, Torun S. The diagnostic value of brush cytology alone and in combination with tumor markers in Pancreatobiliary strictures. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2015;24(12):36-48. [DOI:10.1155/2015/580254] [PMID] [PMCID]
31
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32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Outcome of Induction Chemotherapy, Followed by Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and Surgery, in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Background & Objective: Currently, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, followed by surgery, is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. The use of induction chemotherapy for this tumor is controversial. In this study, the benefits and side effects of induction chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer are evaluated.Methods: Twenty-nine patients with locally advanced rectal cancer in 2018-2019 were enrolled in this study. Initially, they underwent induction chemotherapy (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 every 3 weeks and capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice a day for 14 days every 3 weeks for 2 courses). Then, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (radiotherapy 50.4 Gy/28 for 5 days a week concomitant with weekly oxaliplatin 50 mg/m2, as well as capecitabine 825 mg/m2/bid on the days of radiotherapy) was administered. After 4 weeks, computed tomography (CT) scan of thorax, pelvis, and abdomen with and without contrast was performed. Total mesorectal surgery was performed 6-8 weeks after the end of radiotherapy. Four courses of adjuvant chemotherapy were applied. Pathologic complete response (pCR), margin, sphincter preservation, and adverse effects were assessed.Results: In this study, pCR was present in 6 (20.7%) patients. R0 resection was done in 96.05%. Sphincter was preserved in 44.4% of lower rectal tumors. Two patients (6.9%) did not complete adjuvant treatment. Grade 3 adverse effects were documented in 13.7% of cases during induction chemotherapy and 17.2% of cases during neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Mortality was not reported.Conclusion: Induction chemotherapy, followed by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery, would be an effective and safe modality in locally advanced rectal cancer.
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244476_36ac084a41f47b0d306837abc3966e7e.pdf
2021-07-01
266
273
10.30699/ijp.2021.130482.2441
Induction chemotherapy
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
surgery
Locally advanced rectal cancer
Ali
Yaghobi Joybari
dryaghobii@yahoo.com
1
Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Behnaz
Behzadi
behnaz_bzd@yahoo.com
2
Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Payam
Azadeh
azadehpayam@gmail.com
3
Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sam
Alahyari
allahyarisam@yahoo.com
4
Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Work-related Hazards Among Pathologists and Residents of Pathology: Results of a Cross-sectional Study in Iran
Background & Objective: Pathologists as medical professionals involved in the diagnosis and planning of therapies in many diseases are exposed to occupational hazards in workplaces. Hence, we aimed to determine the occupational health problems among Iranian pathologists in this cross-sectional study.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the Iranian pathologists. The data required for this study was collected through a self-reported questionnaire containing 48 questions about major occupational health problems, including musculoskeletal problems, visual disorders, workplace characteristics, health behavior, and other medical conditions.Results: Among the study participants (N=350), 87.4% presented with musculoskeletal disorders in the past year, with the neck as the most common location of pain (71%). Musculoskeletal pain was significantly higher in those working with the computer for more than 5 hours per day (P=0.007). Furthermore, 273 (78%) participants reported visual refractive errors, and myopia was the most common error (53%). Acute injuries were reported in 263 (75%) participants, and the cutting injury had the highest frequency (56.6%). Depression was reported in 54 (15.4%) of the participants, followed by burnout (10.3%) and hypertension (4%). Intolerance reactions to formalin were reported by 222 (63.6%) and were significantly more frequent among the residents (p <0.001). The residents were more prone to musculoskeletal pain (P=0.002) and injury (P=0.026). Conclusion: We observed a noticeable prevalence of health risks, including musculoskeletal problems, visual disturbances, injuries, and ergonomic problems among the Iranian pathologists. Solving these problems demands thorough prevention and personal protection, as well as educational programs with more attention toward optimization of ergonomics in the workplace and awareness about chemical and biological hazards.
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244479_69566e5cf5e6ac84ccbef00846b3c4b7.pdf
2021-07-01
274
283
10.30699/ijp.2021.132380.2473
Occupational Health
Pathologists
Workplace
Maryam
Kadivar
dmkadivar@gmail.com
1
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Elaheh
Kabir-Mokamelkhah
dr_kabir@yahoo.com
2
Occupational Medicine Research Center (OMRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Zohreh
Habibi-Shams
zohrehshamsmed1@gmail.com
3
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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34
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35
Soori H, Ali JM, Nasrin R. Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in Tehran Province, Iran. J Pak Med Assoc. 2011;61(6):544-9.
36
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37
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38
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39
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40
He G, Li Y, Zhao F, Wang L, Cheng S, Guo H, et al. The Prevalence and Incidence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Its Associated Factors among Village Doctors in China. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0124097. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0124097] [PMID] [PMCID]
41
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
HE4, A New Potential Tumor Marker for Early Diagnosis and Predicting of Breast Cancer Progression
Background & Objective: This study examined the potential of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) as a marker in early diagnosis or as a prognostic factor for breast cancer (BC) patients.Methods: A total of 31 patients diagnosed with BC were enrolled in the study between 2008 and 2018. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HE4 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the BC tissue and the non-tumoral adjacent tissue. Using ELISA technique, HE4 plasma levels were also measured in 43 BC patients compared to 43 healthy individuals. The correlation between HE4 expression and clinicopathological features was then investigated.Results: An increase in HE4 expression was observed at mRNA and protein levels in the BC group compared to the control group (p <0.01, p <0.0001, respectively). In addition, the relative expression of HE4 mRNA in BC patients showed a significant correlation with the differentiation grade of cancer cells (p <0.001). Plasma levels of HE4 was also associated with grade (p <0.0001), stage, and tumor size in BC patients (for both p <0.01). Patients with metastatic BC (p <0.01), lymphatic invasion, and lymph node involvement (for both p <0.05) showed significantly higher plasma levels of HE4 expression than patients without metastasis.Conclusion: According to our findings, upregulation of HE4 is probably related to invasive BC phenotype, and measuring plasma levels of HE4 could be useful as a screening test in early diagnosis of BC.
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244480_c10b667b0299c36547c830ebdfcde043.pdf
2021-07-01
284
296
10.30699/ijp.2021.135323.2482
Breast neoplasms
Gene expression
HE4
WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain Protein 2
WFDC2 Protein
Nazanin
Mirmohseni Namini
nazaninmirmohseni@gmail.com
1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Abdollahi
dr_p_abdollahi@yahoo.com
2
Department of Pathology, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Monireh
Movahedi
mon_movahedi@yahoo.com
3
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Amirnader
Emami Razavi
razavinader@gmail.com
4
Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Saghiri
saghiri@pasteur.ac.ir
5
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of P53 and CK20 Immunohistochemical Markers in Comparison with Morphologic Findings in Low- and High-grade Urothelial Carcinomas
Background & Objective: Urothelial carcinoma is the seventh most common cancer in the world. The histological classification of papillary carcinoma is one of the most important determinants for its prognosis. Sometimes there is an overlap in the extent of the tumor, and the accurate microscopic diagnosis of the tumor is not always easy. The aim of this study was to evaluate P53 and CK20 immunohistochemical markers in comparison with morphologic findings in low- and high-grade urothelial carcinomas.Methods: For this descriptive study, urinary bladder samples were collected from 50 cancer patients who had undergone biopsy and surgery in Shohaday-e Tajrish Hospital of Tehran, Iran, during the years 2015-2016. P53 and CK20 were studied, and the demographic and histopathological characteristics of the tumor were also analysed.Results: The mean age of patients enrolled in this study (48 males and 2 females) was 65.8±11.9. Twenty-five cases presented with low-grade and 25 cases presented with high-grade papillary urothelial carcinomas. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for P53 were 48%, 80%, 70.5%, and 60.6%, respectively, while the same values for CK20 were 44%, 92%, 84.6%, and 62.2%, respectively. Immunohistochemical results were also positively correlated with the extent of the tumor. Conclusion: Based on the results, P53 and CK20 may serve as specific markers for diagnosis of low- and high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma but not sensitive. P53 and ck20 staining have also a high specificity as 80% and 92% and low sensitivity compared to the low and high morphology of papillary carcinoma, thus their positive and their staining intensity are valuable for diagnosis, but their negative results are not determinant.
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244481_595869e6d223da25facf6379851d36f8.pdf
2021-07-01
297
303
10.30699/ijp.2021.136330.2493
CK20
Grade
p53
Urothelial carcinoma
Mahsa
Ahadi
mahsaamehr@yahoo.com
1
Men’s Health and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Afshin
Moradi
afshinmo2002@gmail.com
2
Men’s Health and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Banafshe
Bayat
desmin_83@yahoo.com
3
Men’s Health and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hanieh
Zham
zhamhanieh@gmail.com
4
Men’s Health and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Jalil
Hosseini
jhosseinee@gmail.com
5
Men’s Health and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sara
Zahedifar
sara_zfm@yahoo.com
6
Men’s Health and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Afsoon
Taghavi
afsoon496@yahoo.com
7
Men’s Health and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Bertz S, Otto W, Denzinger S, Wieland WF, Burger M, Stöhr R, et al. Combination of CK20 and Ki-67 immunostaining analysis predicts recurrence, progression, and cancer-specific survival in pT1 urothelial bladder cancer. Europ Urol. 2014;65(1):218-26. [DOI:10.1016/j.eururo.2012.05.033] [PMID]
1
Kolahdoozan Sh, Sadjadi A, Radmard AR, Khademi H. Five Common Cancers in Iran. Arch Iran Med. 2010;13(2):143-6.
2
Hodges KB, Lopez-Beltran A, Davidson DD, Montironi R, Cheng L. Urothelial dysplasia and other flat lesions of the urinary bladder: clinicopathologic and molecular features. Human Pathol. 2010;41:155-62. [DOI:10.1016/j.humpath.2009.07.002] [PMID]
3
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4
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394-424. [DOI:10.3322/caac.21492] [PMID]
5
Antoni S, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Znaor A, Jemal A, Bray F. Bladder cancer incidence and mortality: a global overview and recent trends. European urology. 2017;71(1):96-108. [DOI:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.06.010] [PMID]
6
Asgari M, Maybodi MN, Abolhasani M. Differential diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in situ from non-neoplastic urothelia: Analysis of CK20, CD44, P53 and Ki67. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2016;30:400.
7
Rajcani J, Kajo K, Adamkov M, Moravekova E, Lauko L, Felcanova D, et al. Immunohistochemical characterization of urothelial carcinoma. Bratislavske Lekarske Listy. 2013;114(8):431-8. [DOI:10.4149/BLL_2013_091] [PMID]
8
Khayamzadeh M, Aliakbari F, Zolghadr Z, Emadeddin M, Ahadi M, Akbari ME, Abedi AR, Nematollahi Sh, Hosseini SJ. Five-year Survival Rate of Bladder Cancer in Iran during 2001-2007. Iran J Pathol, 2020.118375.2287 [DOI:10.30699/ijp.2020.118375.2287] [PMID] [PMCID]
9
Mai KT, Flood TA, Williams P, Kos Z, Belanger EC. Mixed low-and high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma: histopathogenetic and clinical significance. VirchowsArchiv. 2013;463(4):575-81. [DOI:10.1007/s00428-013-1456-7] [PMID]
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11
Mumtaz S, Hashmi AA, Hasan SH, Edhi MM, Khan M. Diagnostic utility of p53 and CK20 immunohistochemical expression grading urothelial malignancies. Int Arch Med. 2014;7(1):36. [DOI:10.1186/1755-7682-7-36] [PMID] [PMCID]
12
Hasan IA, Gaidan HA, Al-kaabi MM. Diagnostic value of immunohistochemical panel (Cytokeratin CK 7, Cytokeratin CK20, High molecular weight cytokeratin HMWCK (clone CK34βE12) and Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) in differentiation between poorly differentiated prostatic and urothelial carcinoma. Iraq J Cancer Med Gen. 2018;11(1):7-13.
13
Weyerer V, Schneckenpointner R, Filbeck T, Burger M, Hofstaedter F, Wild PJ, et al. Immunohistochemical and molecular characterizations in urothelial carcinoma of bladder in patients less than 45 years. J Cancer. 2017;8(3):323. [DOI:10.7150/jca.17482] [PMID] [PMCID]
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17
Yang Y, Kaimakliotis HZ, Williamson SR, Koch MO, Huang K, Barboza MP, et al., editors. Micropapillaryurothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder displays immunophenotypic features of luminal and p53-like subtypes and is not a variant of adenocarcinoma. Urol Oncol: Seminars and Original Investigations; 2019: Elsevier. [DOI:10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.10.013] [PMID]
18
Korkolopoulou P: The role of p53, mdm2, and b-2 oncoproteins, epidermal growth factor receptor and prolifration markers in the prognosis of urinary bladder cancer. Patol Res Pract 1997,193(11 -12):767-75 [DOI:10.1016/S0344-0338(97)80055-6]
19
Das D, Dey RK, Saha S, Das TK. Utility of a dual immunostain like p53 and CK20 to aid in the diagnosis and categorization of neoplastic bladder biopsies. J Evol Med Den Sci-JEMDS. 2015;4(25):4261-9. [DOI:10.14260/jemds/2015/616]
20
Barth I, Schneider U, Grimm T, Karl A, Horst D, Gaisa NT, et al. Progression of urothelial carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: a switch from luminal to basal phenotype and related therapeutic implications. Virchows Archiv. 2018;472(5):749-58. [DOI:10.1007/s00428-018-2354-9] [PMID] [PMCID]
21
Humphrey PA, Moch H, Cubilla AL, Ulbright TM, Reuter VE. The 2016 WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs-part B: prostate and bladder tumours. Eur Urol. 2016;70(1):106-19. [DOI:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.02.028] [PMID]
22
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23
Koletsas N, Koletsa T, Choidas S, Anagnostopoulos K, Touloupidis S, Zaramboukas T, et al. Immunohistochemical Investigation of HER/AKT/mTOR Pathway and Cellular Adhesion Molecules in Urothelial Carcinomas. Patholog Res Int. 2017:6794150. [DOI:10.1155/2017/6794150] [PMID] [PMCID]
24
EL-RASHIDY M, AYA S. Immunohistochemical Study of the Role of CK20, p53 and Ki-67 in Differentiation of Some Urothelial Lesions and Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder. Med J Cairo Uni. 2018;86(September):2687-95. [DOI:10.21608/mjcu.2018.59607]
25
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27
Kamat AM, Hahn NM, Efstathiou JA, Lerner SP, Malmström PU, Choi W, et al. Bladder cancer. The Lancet. 2016;388(10061):2796-810. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30512-8]
28
Uchida t: Clinical significance of p53, mdm2 and bci2 expression in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. Oncol Rep, 2002, marapr,9(2),253-9. [DOI:10.3892/or.9.2.253]
29
Hashimoto h: Role of p53 and mdm2 in tumor proliferation and determination of the prognosis of TCC of renal pelvises and ureter. Int J Urol 2000, Dec, 7(12),457-63. [DOI:10.1046/j.1442-2042.2000.00230.x] [PMID]
30
Toll AD, Epstein JI. Invasive low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 41 cases. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2012;36(7):1081-6. [DOI:10.1097/PAS.0b013e318253d6e0] [PMID]
31
Roychowdhury A, Dey R, Bandyapadhyay A, Bhattacharya P, Mitra R, Dutta R. Study of mutated p53 protein by immunohistochemistry in urothelial neoplasm of urinary bladder. J Indian Med Assoc. 2012;110(6):393-6.
32
Anadi RC, Dey RK. Expression of p53 Protein by Immunohistochemistry in Urothelial Neoplasm: A Hospital-based Study from Eastern India.
33
Shim J-W, Cho KS, Choi Y-D, Park Y-W, Lee D-W, Han W-S, et al. Diagnostic algorithm for papillary urothelial tumors in the urinary bladder. Virchows Archiv. 2008;452(4):353-62. [DOI:10.1007/s00428-008-0585-x] [PMID] [PMCID]
34
Moradi Tabrizi H, Nazar E, Ahmadi SA, Azimi E, Majidi F. Survivin and Her2 Expressions in Different Grades of Urothelial Neoplasms of Urinary Bladder. Iran J Pathol. 2021; 16(2): 154-161 [DOI:10.30699/ijp.2020.130859.2447] [PMID] [PMCID]
35
Jalali Nadoushan MR, Ghorbanian E, Taheri T. Relationship between grade and MDM2 oncoprotein overexpression in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Iran J Pathol, (2006)1, (1), 17-20
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Urine Biochemical Parameters in Predicting Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: an Experience in Tertiary Care Centre in Western India
Background & Objective: Coronavirus is an enveloped RNA virus that mainly causes respiratory infection. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab is the confirmatory diagnostic test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection. The relationship between SARS-COV-2 and body fluid parameters is still not known. There have been few studies regarding the correlation between urine biochemical parameters and SARS-COV-2 infection. The aim of the study is to determine the importance of urinary biochemical parameters in SARS-COV-2 infection and whether these parameters can be used to predict the severity of the infection.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study consisting of total of 285 patients diagnosed with SARS-COV-2 infection. The patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of infection as mild (120 cases), moderate (110 cases) and severe (55 cases). During the study period 72 healthy persons were enrolled as controls. Analysis was done to find any relationship between various urine biochemical parameters and the severity of SARS-COV-2 infection.Results: Urinary occult blood (U. Blood) and Urinary protein (U. Pro) have higher positive rates in SARS-COV-2 patients as compared with healthy controls. Among the severities of SARS-COV-2 infection (mild, moderate and severe), both these parameters were significantly higher. Glucose (Glu) and Ketone (Ket) positivity rate was more in moderate cases of SARS-COV-2 than mild cases.Conclusion: Urinary biochemical parameters are very useful in identification of SARS-COV-2 infection and also have the advantage in evaluating the progression in patients infected with SARS-COV-2. Among the different parameters, Urinary Occult Blood and Urinary protein are significant in the differentiation of SARS-COV-2 severity.
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244482_2744e4273592bea059eb8e8aecb15f9f.pdf
2021-07-01
304
309
10.30699/ijp.2021.136576.2496
Blood
Protein
SARS-CoV-2
Urinary biochemical parameters
Priyanka
Murgod
priyankamurgod@gmail.com
1
Department of Pathology, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research (MIMER), Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, India
AUTHOR
Preeti
Doshi
prdoshi22@gmail.com
2
Department of Pathology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (DTU) Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ravindra
Nimbargi
nimbargiravindra@gmail.com
3
Department of Pathology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (DTU) Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
AUTHOR
Liu R, Ma Q, Han H, Su H, Liu F, Wu K et al. The value of urine biochemical parameters in the prediction of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Chem Lab Med (CCLM). 2020 Apr 14;1. [DOI:10.1515/cclm-2020-0220] [PMID]
1
Mumm JN, Osterman A, Ruzicka M, Stihl C, Vilsmaier T, Munker D et al. Urinary Frequency as a Possibly Overlooked Symptom in COVID-19 Patients: Does SARS-CoV-2 Cause Viral Cystitis?. Europ Urol. 2020 May 19. [DOI:10.1016/j.eururo.2020.05.013] [PMID] [PMCID]
2
Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. 2020; Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports.
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Ahn DG, Shin HJ, Kim MH, Lee S, Kim HS, Myoung J, et al. Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020;30(3):313-24. [DOI:10.4014/jmb.2003.03011] [PMID]
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13
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14
Li W, Sui J, Huang IC, Kuhn JH, Radoshitzky SR, Marasco WA et al. The S proteins of human coronavirus NL63 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus bind overlapping regions of ACE2. Virology. 2007 Oct 25;367(2):367-74. [DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2007.04.035] [PMID] [PMCID]
15
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16
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17
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama. 2020 Mar 17;323(11):1061-9. [DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.1585] [PMID] [PMCID]
18
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19
Puliatti S, Eissa A, Eissa R, Amato M, Mazzone E, Dell’Oglio P, Sighinolfi MC, Zoeir A, Micali S, Bianchi G, Patel V. COVID‐19 and urology: a comprehensive review of the literature. BJU Int. 2020 Jun;125(6):E7-14. [DOI:10.1111/bju.15071] [PMID]
20
Yao H, Zhang N, Zhang R, Duan M, Xie T, Pan J, et al. Severity detection for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients using a machine learning model based on the blood and urine tests. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology. 2020 Jul 31;8:683. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3564426]
21
Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, Zhang M, Wang Z, Dong L, et al. Kidney impairment is associated with in-hospital death of COVID-19 patients. MedRxiv. 2020 Jan 1. [DOI:10.1101/2020.02.18.20023242]
22
Naicker S, Yang CW, Hwang SJ, Liu BC, Chen JH, Jha V. The novel coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys. Kidney Int. 2020 May 1;97(5):824-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.001] [PMID] [PMCID]
23
Zou X, Chen K, Zou J, Han P, Hao J, Han Z. Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Front Med. 2020 Mar 12:1-8. [DOI:10.1007/s11684-020-0754-0] [PMID] [PMCID]
24
Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama. 2020 Apr 7;323(13):1239-42. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648. [DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.2648] [PMID]
25
Tetro JA. Is COVID-19 receiving ADE from other coronaviruses?. Microbes Infect. 2020 Mar 1;22(2):72-3. [DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2020.02.006] [PMID] [PMCID]
26
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27
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28
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29
Lippi G, Plebani M. The critical role of laboratory medicine during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other viral outbreaks. Clin Chem Lab Med (CCLM). 2020 Jun 25;58(7):1063-9. [DOI:10.1515/cclm-2020-0240] [PMID]
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Expression of PAX2 and PAX8 in Wilms Tumor: A Tissue Microarray-based Immunohistochemical Study
Background & Objective: There is currently inadequate information about the expression of immunohistochemical markers in pediatric tumors. Paired box genes 2 and 8 (PAX2 and PAX8) genes have an essential role in kidney organogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the IHC expression of PAX2 and PAX8 in Wilms tumor. Such study would be helpful in diagnosis and possibly in differentiation of this tumor from other mimics, especially in those of poorly differentiated type in small needle biopsy specimens.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on 45 Wilms tumor cases referred to Bahrami pediatric hospital between 2005 and 2015. Demographic data were collected from medical documents. Sections from related paraffin blocks were provided by the tissue microarray method, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was done for PAX8 and PAX2.Results: The mean tumor size was 9.98±4.95 cm. Favorable histology was seen in 84.4% of samples. PAX2 was expressed in 41 cases (91.1%), and PAX8 in 37 patients (82.2%). PAX2 and PAX8 expression was mostly seen in both blastemal and epithelial components (77.8% and 66.6%), respectively. Tumors with favorable and unfavorable histology did not significantly differ in PAX2 and PAX8 expression (P=0.637). We found a statically significant relationship between PAX8 expression and tumor size (P=0.033). Conclusion: PAX2 and PAX8 markers might helpful in diagnosis of Wilms tumor and may differentiate it from other histologically similar kidney tumors. PAX8 expression may be associated with larger tumor size. Tumors with favorable and unfavorable histology may not be different in PAX2 and PAX8 expression.
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244484_8d2bdf6eba61d22e820a0d77e7b5b3ee.pdf
2021-07-01
310
315
10.30699/ijp.2021.139752.2527
Immunohistochemistry
PAX2
PAX8
Wilms tumor
Salma
Sefidbakht
salma1358@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Atieh
Khorsand-Rahimzadeh
atieh.khorsand@gmail.com
2
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sahar
Omidi
omid8953@gmail.com
3
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Sedigheh
Mohsenpourian
mohsenpourian.s@gmail.com
4
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Elham
Mirzaian
mirzaian2050@gmail.com
5
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Varan A. Wilms' tumor in children: an overview. Nephron Clinical Practice. 2008;108(2):c83-c90. [DOI:10.1159/000113012] [PMID]
1
Lonergan GJ, Martinez-Leon MI, Agrons GA, Montemarano H, Suarez ES. Nephrogenic rests, nephroblastomatosis, and associated lesions of the kidney. Radiographics. 1998;18(4):947-68. [DOI:10.1148/radiographics.18.4.9672980] [PMID]
2
Frank JD, Gearhart JP, Snyder HM. Operative pediatric urology: Churchill Livingstone; 2002.
3
Dressler GR. The cellular basis of kidney development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2006;22:509-29. [DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010305.104340] [PMID]
4
Eccles MR, He S, Legge M, Kumar R, Fox J, Zhou C, et al. PAX genes in development and disease: the role of PAX2 in urogenital tract development. International Journal of Developmental Biology. 2004;46(4):535-44.
5
Tong G-X, Woojin MY, Beaubier NT, Weeden EM, Hamele-Bena D, Mansukhani MM, et al. Expression of PAX8 in normal and neoplastic renal tissues: an immunohistochemical study. Modern Pathology. 2009;22(9):1218-27. [DOI:10.1038/modpathol.2009.88] [PMID]
6
Ozcan A, De La Roza G, Ro JY, Shen SS, Truong LD. PAX2 and PAX8 expression in primary and metastatic renal tumors: a comprehensive comparison. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. 2012;136(12):1541-51. [DOI:10.5858/arpa.2012-0072-OA] [PMID]
7
Bouchard M, Souabni A, Mandler M, Neubüser A, Busslinger M. Nephric lineage specification by Pax2 and Pax8. Genes & development. 2002;16(22):2958-70. [DOI:10.1101/gad.240102] [PMID] [PMCID]
8
Narlis M, Grote D, Gaitan Y, Boualia SK, Bouchard M. Pax2 and pax8 regulate branching morphogenesis and nephron differentiation in the developing kidney. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2007;18(4):1121-9. [DOI:10.1681/ASN.2006070739] [PMID]
9
Grote D, Souabni A, Busslinger M, Bouchard M. Pax2/8-regulated Gata3 expression is necessary for morphogenesis and guidance of the nephric duct in the developing kidney. Development. 2006;133(1):53-61. [DOI:10.1242/dev.02184] [PMID]
10
Daniel L, Lechevallier E, Giorgi R, Sichez H, Zattara-Cannoni H, Figarella-Branger D, et al. Pax-2 expression in adult renal tumors. Human pathology. 2001;32(3):282-7. [DOI:10.1053/hupa.2001.22753] [PMID]
11
Eccles M, Wallis L, Fidler A, Spurr N, Goodfellow P, Reeve A. Expression of the PAX2 gene in human fetal kidney and Wilms' tumor. Cell Growth Differ. 1992;3(5):279-89.
12
Poleev A, Fickenscher H, Mundlos S, Winterpacht A, Zabel B, Fidler A, et al. PAX8, a human paired box gene: isolation and expression in developing thyroid, kidney and Wilms' tumors. Development. 1992;116(3):611-23. [DOI:10.1242/dev.116.3.611] [PMID]
13
Tong G-X, Weeden EM, Hamele-Bena D, Huan Y, Unger P, Memeo L, et al. Expression of PAX8 in nephrogenic adenoma and clear cell adenocarcinoma of the lower urinary tract: evidence of related histogenesis? The American journal of surgical pathology. 2008;32(9):1380-7. [DOI:10.1097/PAS.0b013e31816b1020] [PMID]
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Tagge EP, Hanson P, Re GG, Othersen Jr HB, Smith CD, Garvin AJ. Paired box gene expression in Wilms' tumor. Journal of pediatric surgery. 1994;29(2):134-41. [DOI:10.1016/0022-3468(94)90308-5]
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Khouja MH, Baekelandt M, Sarab A, Nesland JM, Holm R. Limitations of tissue microarrays compared with whole tissue sections in survival analysis. Oncology letters. 2010;1(5):827-31. [DOI:10.3892/ol_00000145] [PMID] [PMCID]
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Kononen J, Bubendorf L, Kallionimeni A, Bärlund M, Schraml P, Leighton S, et al. Tissue microarrays for high-throughput molecular profiling of tumor specimens. Nature medicine. 1998;4(7):844-7. [DOI:10.1038/nm0798-844] [PMID]
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19
Griffin MC, Robinson RA, Trask DK. Validation of tissue microarrays using p53 immunohistochemical studies of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Modern pathology. 2003;16(12):1181-8. [DOI:10.1097/01.MP.0000097284.40421.D6] [PMID]
20
Kuwabara S, Ajioka Y, Watanabe H, Hitomi J, Nishikura K, Hatakeyama K. Heterogeneity of p53 mutational status in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Japanese journal of cancer research. 1998;89(4):405-10. [DOI:10.1111/j.1349-7006.1998.tb00578.x] [PMID] [PMCID]
21
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22
Nonaka D, Tang Y, Chiriboga L, Rivera M, Ghossein R. Diagnostic utility of thyroid transcription factors Pax8 and TTF-2 (FoxE1) in thyroid epithelial neoplasms. Modern Pathology. 2008;21(2):192-200. [DOI:10.1038/modpathol.3801002] [PMID]
23
Laury AR, Hornick JL, Perets R, Krane JF, Corson J, Drapkin R, et al. PAX8 reliably distinguishes ovarian serous tumors from malignant mesothelioma. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2010;34(5):627-35. [DOI:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181da7687] [PMID]
24
Knoepp SM, Kunju LP, Roh MH. Utility of PAX8 and PAX2 immunohistochemistry in the identification of renal cell carcinoma in diagnostic cytology. Diagnostic cytopathology. 2012;40(8):667-72. [DOI:10.1002/dc.21590] [PMID]
25
Arva NC, Bonadio J, Perlman EJ, Cajaiba MM. Diagnostic utility of Pax8, Pax2, and NGFR immunohistochemical expression in pediatric renal tumors. Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology. 2018;26(10):721-6. [DOI:10.1097/PAI.0000000000000520] [PMID]
26
Verschuur AC, Vujanic GM, Van Tinteren H, Jones KP, de Kraker J, Sandstedt B. Stromal and epithelial predominant Wilms tumours have an excellent outcome: the SIOP 93 01 experience. Pediatric blood & cancer. 2010;55(2):233-8. [DOI:10.1002/pbc.22496] [PMID]
27
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28
Hrabovsky EE, Othersen Jr HB, deLorimier A, Kelalis P, Beckwith JB, Takashima J. Wilms' tumor in the neonate: a report from the National Wilms' Tumor Study. Journal of pediatric surgery. 1986;21(5):385-7. [DOI:10.1016/S0022-3468(86)80502-4]
29
Hemaatyar M, Robat Mili M. Comparison of clinical manifestation, age and sex distribution in childhood Wilms' tumor and neuroblastoma in Tehran Children Medical Center hospital. Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity-Tehran Medical Branch. 2006;16(3):161-4.
30
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Invasive Front of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Clinicopathological Parameters
Background & Objective: The present study investigated the relationship between invasive front (IF) of tumors and clinicopathological parameters including stage, grade, nodal involvement, lymphocytic host response (LHR), recurrence, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS).Methods: A total of 87 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) biopsies were evaluated. Clinical stage, grading, nodal involvement, time of recurrence, OS, and DFS were assessed. The number of tumor budding cells in the IF was measured by two pathologists with an optic microscope. IF was graded to low risk (<5) and high risk (>5), according to the counting of tumor budding as a single cancer cell or cluster cells. Also, LHR was reported in the IF as mild, moderate, and severe.Results: IF was reported in 43.7% of patients as a low-risk group and 49.4% as a high-risk group. LHR was also mild in 31%, moderate in 25.3%, and severe in 43.7% of the patients. Most of the patients were in stage IV (31%) and grade 1 (60.9%). The high risk IF group had a significant statistical relationship with stage (P=0.001), grade (P=0.039), five years OS (P=0.03), five years DSF (P=0.01), and lymph node involvement (P=0.007). The relation between LHR and stage of disease was significant (P=0.034).Conclusion: Considering the important role of histopathological reports in the treatment plan of patients and the relationship between IF and clinical parameters, IF evaluation in routine histopathological examinations, especially in the early stages of OSCC, seems to be necessary.
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244485_4d0cd984bd66c91da267b3fbfe560a53.pdf
2021-07-01
316
324
10.30699/ijp.2021.520522.2541
Invasive Front
Lymphocyte Host Response
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Survival analysis
Nooshin
Mohtasham
mohtashamn@mums.ac.ir
1
Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Narges
Ghazi
ghazin@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Kazem
Anvari
anvarik@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Radiotherapy Oncology and Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Farnaz
Mohajertehran
mohajertf@mums.ac.ir
4
Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Tahmineh
Organji
mohajertf@gmail.com
5
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Shahabinejad
mehremadar@gmail.com
6
Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Geum D-H, Roh Y-C, Yoon S-Y, Kim H-G, Lee J-H, Song J-M, et al. The impact factors on 5-year survival rate in patients operated with oral cancer. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;39(5):207-16. [DOI:10.5125/jkaoms.2013.39.5.207] [PMID] [PMCID]
1
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10
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Brown M, Sillah K, Griffiths EA, Swindell R, West CM, Page RD, et al. Tumour budding and a low host inflammatory response are associated with a poor prognosis in oesophageal and gastro‐oesophageal junction cancers. Histopathology. 2010;56(7):893-9. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03559.x] [PMID]
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16
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17
Kawashiri S, Tanaka A, Noguchi N, Hase T, Nakaya H, Ohara T, et al. Significance of stromal desmoplasia and myofibroblast appearance at the invasive front in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Head Neck. 2009;31(10):1346-53. [DOI:10.1002/hed.21097] [PMID]
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Mohtasham N, Babakoohi S, Shiva A, Shadman A, Kamyab-Hesari K, Shakeri M-T, et al. Immunohistochemical study of p53, Ki-67, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression at invasive front of squamous cell and verrucous carcinoma in oral cavity. Pathol Res Pract. 2013;209(2):110-4. [DOI:10.1016/j.prp.2012.11.002] [PMID]
20
Niwa Y, Yamada S, Koike M, Kanda M, Fujii T, Nakayama G, et al. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition correlates with tumor budding and predicts prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2014;110(6):764-9. [DOI:10.1002/jso.23694] [PMID]
21
Almangush A, Salo T, Hagström J, Leivo I. Tumour budding in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma-a systematic review. Histopathology. 2014;65(5):587-94. [DOI:10.1111/his.12471] [PMID]
22
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23
Wang C, Huang H, Huang Z, Wang A, Chen X, Huang L, et al. Tumor budding correlates with poor prognosis and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2011;40(7):545-51. [DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01041.x] [PMID] [PMCID]
24
Rahrotaban S, Mahdavi N, Abdollahi A, Yazdani F, Kaghazloo A, Derakhshan S. Carcinoma-associated Fibroblasts are a Common Finding in the Microenvironment of HPV-positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2019;27(9):683-8. [DOI:10.1097/PAI.0000000000000687] [PMID]
25
Xie N, Wang C, Liu X, Li R, Hou J, Chen X, et al. Tumor budding correlates with occult cervical lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in clinical early‐stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2015;44(4):266-72. [DOI:10.1111/jop.12242] [PMID]
26
Almangush A, Bello IO, Keski-Säntti H, Mäkinen LK, Kauppila JH, Pukkila M, et al. Depth of invasion, tumor budding, and worst pattern of invasion: prognostic indicators in early‐stage oral tongue cancer. Head.Neck. 2014;36(6):811-8. [DOI:10.1002/hed.23380] [PMID] [PMCID]
27
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28
Mohajertehran F, Ayatollahi H, Jafarian AH, Khazaeni K, Soukhtanloo M, Shakeri M-T, et al. Overexpression of lactate dehydrogenase in the saliva and tissues of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2019;7(2):142.
29
Grigore AD, Jolly MK, Jia D, Farach-Carson MC, Levine H. Tumor budding: the name is EMT. Partial EMT. J Clin Med. 2016;5(5):51. [DOI:10.3390/jcm5050051] [PMID] [PMCID]
30
Kellermann M, Sobral L, Silva Sd, Zecchin K, Graner E, Lopes M, et al. Myofibroblasts in the stroma of oral squamous cell carcinoma are associated with poor prognosis. Histopathology. 2007;51(6):849-53. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02873.x] [PMID]
31
Keski-Säntti H, Atula T, Tikka J, Hollmén J, Mäkitie AA, Leivo I. Predictive value of histopathologic parameters in early squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue. Oral Oncol. 2007;43(10):1007-13. [DOI:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.11.015] [PMID]
32
Yamakawa N, Kirita T, Umeda M, Yanamoto S, Ota Y, Otsuru M, et al. Tumor budding and adjacent tissue at the invasive front correlate with delayed neck metastasis in clinical early‐stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2019;119(3):370-8. [DOI:10.1002/jso.25334] [PMID] [PMCID]
33
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34
Almangush A, Coletta R, Bello I, Bitu C, Keski-Säntti H, Mäkinen L, et al. A simple novel prognostic model for early stage oral tongue cancer. I Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44(2):143-50. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijom.2014.10.004] [PMID]
35
Li Y, Bai S, Carroll W, Dayan D, Dort JC, Heller K, et al. Validation of the risk model: high-risk classification and tumor pattern of invasion predict outcome for patients with low-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol. 2013;7(3):211-23. [DOI:10.1007/s12105-012-0412-1] [PMID] [PMCID]
36
Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011;144(5):646-74. [DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013] [PMID]
37
Shahabinejad M, Asadi Z, Mohajertehran F. LAMP3 (CD208) Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Epithelial Dysplasia of the Oral Cavity and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Unfavorable Prognosis. Rep Biochem Molecul Biol. 2021 Jan;9(4):373. [DOI:10.52547/rbmb.9.4.373]
38
Shahabinejad M, Zare R, Amouzad Mahdiraji A. Cytokeratins (CK7 and CK20) Genes Expression Association with Clinicopathological Indices in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Dysplastic Oral Epithelium. Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2021,126-34.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Microsatellite Instability and Colorectal Cancer, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Evaluation by Using DNA Sequencing: A Single Center Experience
Background & Objective: Microsatellite instability is common in familial colorectal cancers. It can be tested by the molecular and immunohistochemical methods. There are very few studies which address comparing the clinicopathological characteristics of microsatellite stable (MSS) and microsatellite unstable (MSI) colorectal cancers from Iran. n this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings of MSS and MSI colorectal cancers in our Center as the largest Center of gastrointestinal surgery and oncology in the South of Iran. We also compared the immunohistochemical method vs. molecular study using DNA sequencing.Methods: For 5 years (2015-2019), 34 patients who underwent operation in the affiliated Hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were clinically suspected to microsatellite instability (MSI). The molecular diagnostic tests with DNA sequencing were performed. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings of MSI colorectal cancers were compared with those who were stable. Results: In the South of Iran, MSI colorectal cancers were more common in males. These tumors were more common in the right side with more tendencies to produce mucin with lymphocytic infiltration. Conclusion: It was concluded that immunohistochemistry is a specific method for the diagnosis of MSI colorectal cancers, but false negative rate is high, and sensitivity is low. Therefore, we recommend performing molecular studies by DNA sequencing in colon cancer with clinical suspicion to MSI and negative immunohistochemistry
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244497_4b4b34cb318e1f42c6f94a1745689878.pdf
2021-07-01
325
331
10.30699/ijp.2021.135222.2481
Colon cancer
Immunohistochemistry
Microsatellite Instability
Molecular method
Bita
Geramizadeh
geramib@sums.ac.ir
1
Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farzaneh
Bozorg-Ghalati
bozorgf@sums.ac.ir
2
Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Firoozeh
Jafari
jafarif@gamil.com
3
Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mitra
Mirzai
mirzaim@gmail.com
4
Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Jowkar
jowkarn@gmail.vom
5
Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Dolatkhah R, Somi MH, Bonyadi MJ, Asvadi Kermani I, Farassati F, Dastgiri S. Colorectal cancer in iran: molecular epidemiology and screening strategies. J Cancer Epidemiol. 2015;2015:643020. [DOI:10.1155/2015/643020]
1
Kolahdoozan S, Sadjadi A, Radmard AR, Khademi H. Five Common Cancers in Iran. Arch Iran Med. 2010;13(2):143-6.
2
Faghani M, Fakhrieh Asl S, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Aminian K, Tarang A, Seighalani R, et al. The Correlation between Microsatellite Instability and the Features of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer in the North Part of Iran. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012;2012:756263. [DOI:10.1155/2012/756263]
3
Ashktorab H, Brim H, Al-Riyami M, Date A, Al-Mawaly K, Kashoub M, et al. Sporadic colon cancer: mismatch repair immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability in Omani subjects. Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53(10):2723-31. [DOI:10.1007/s10620-007-0189-3]
4
Amira AT, Mouna T, Ahlem B, Raoudha A, Majid BH, Amel H, et al. Immunohistochemical expression pattern of MMR protein can specifically identify patients with colorectal cancer microsatellite instability. Tumour Biol. 2014;35(7):6283-91. [DOI:10.1007/s13277-014-1831-2]
5
Bavi PP, Abubaker JA, Jehan ZD, Al-Jomah NA, Siraj AK, Al-Harbi SR, et al. Colorectal carcinomas from Middle East - Molecular and tissue microarray analysis of genomic instability pathways. Saudi Medical Journal. 2008;29(1):75-80.
6
Gomez-Alvarez MA, Lino-Silva LS, Salcedo-Hernandez RA, Padilla-Rosciano A, Ruiz-Garcia EB, Lopez-Basave HN, et al. Medullary colonic carcinoma with microsatellite instability has lower survival compared with conventional colonic adenocarcinoma with microsatellite instability. Gastroenterol Rev. 2017;12(3):208-14. [DOI:10.5114/pg.2016.64740]
7
Shahsiah R, Salarvand S, Miri R, Ghalehtaki R, Rakhshani N. The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Microsatellite Instability in Ovarian Epithelial Cancers Detected by Molecular Genetic Studies in a Sample of Iranian Women. Int J Cancer Manag. 2017;10(12). [DOI:10.5812/ijcm.11599]
8
Arakawa K, Hata K, Kawai K, Tanaka T, Nishikawa T, Sasaki K, et al. Predictors for High Microsatellite Instability in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Fulfilling the Revised Bethesda Guidelines. Anticancer Res. 2018;38(8):4871-6. [DOI:10.21873/anticanres.12800]
9
Kawakami H, Zaanan A, Sinicrope FA. Microsatellite instability testing and its role in the management of colorectal cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2015;16(7):30. [DOI:10.1007/s11864-015-0348-2]
10
Karahan B, Argon A, Yildirim M, Vardar E. Relationship between MLH-1, MSH-2, PMS-2,MSH-6 expression and clinicopathological features in colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(4):4044-53.
11
Lanza G, Gafa R, Maestri I, Santini A, Matteuzzi M, Cavazzini L. Immunohistochemical pattern of MLH1/MSH2 expression is related to clinical and pathological features in colorectal adenocarcinomas with microsatellite instability. Mod Pathol. 2002;15(7):741-9. [DOI:10.1097/01.MP.0000018979.68686.B2]
12
Ismael NE, El Sheikh SA, Talaat SM, Salem EM. Mismatch Repair Proteins and Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Carcinoma (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2): Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2017;5(1):9-13. [DOI:10.3889/oamjms.2017.003]
13
Katafygiotis P, Sakellariou S, Chatziandreou I, Giannopoulou I, Thymara I, Saetta AA, et al. Microsatellite Instability in Greek Colorectal Carcinoma Patients: Clinicopathological and Molecular Correlations. Anticancer Res. 2019;39(11):6379-87. [DOI:10.21873/anticanres.13851]
14
Hameed F, Goldberg PA, Hall P, Algar U, van Wijk R, Ramesar R. Immunohistochemistry detects mismatch repair gene defects in colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis. 2006; 8: 411-7. [DOI:10.1111/j.1463-1318.2006.00956.x]
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Severe Prekallikrein Deficiency Associated with Low Level of Factor XII: A Case Report
Hereditary deficiency of plasma prekallikrein (PPK) is a rare autosomal recessive disease. The affected patients are often asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during preoperative investigations or during hospitalization by isolated prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). In this article, we report, a 46-year-old woman who was candidate for two invasive procedures (thyroid FNA and hysterectomy) and underwent preoperative evaluation. Due to prolonged aPTT with normal PT she was referred to the IBTO reference coagulation laboratory for specific coagulation assays. Ultimately, the examinations revealed severe PPK deficiency (<1%) with partial deficiency of factor XII level (25%).
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244478_4013c29b2aa87bd7f86e1a5fb8e5e36a.pdf
2021-07-01
332
336
10.30699/ijp.2021.131638.2463
Factor XII deficiency
Prekallikrein deficiency
Prolonged aPTT
Massoumeh
Shahbazi
massoumehshahbazi@gmail.com
1
Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Minoo
Ahmadinejad
minooam@gmail.com
2
Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shahnaz
Fakhrzadegan
sfakhrzadegan@yahoo.com
3
Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Criel M, Declau F, Schuermans C, Ver Elst K, Vermeiren S, Weekx S, et al. Prekallikrein deficiency in a 15-year-old boy with Meniere's disease: a case report. Acta Clin Belgica. 2017;72(4):274-7. [DOI:10.1080/17843286.2016.1227907] [PMID]
1
Bojanini EU, Loaiza-Bonilla A, Pimentel A. Prekallikrein deficiency presenting as recurrent cerebrovascular accident: case report and review of the literature. Case reports in Hematology. 2012;2012:723204. [DOI:10.1155/2012/723204] [PMID] [PMCID]
2
Elbers LPB, Fliers E, Cannegieter SC. The influence of thyroid function on the coagulation system and its clinical consequences. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis: J Thromb Haemost. 2018;16(4):634-45. [DOI:10.1111/jth.13970] [PMID]
3
Girolami A, Scarparo P, Candeo N, Lombardi AM. Congenital prekallikrein deficiency. Exp Rev Hematol. 2010;3(6):685-95. [DOI:10.1586/ehm.10.69] [PMID]
4
Girolami A, Rolland C, Sexton D, Vardi M, Bernstein JA. Long-term safety outcomes of prekillikrein (Fletcher factor) deficiency: A systematic literature review of case reports. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings. 2019. [DOI:10.2500/aap.2019.40.190005] [PMID]
5
Barco S, Sollfrank S, Trinchero A, Adenaeuer A, Abolghasemi H, Conti L, et al. Severe plasma prekallikrein deficiency: Clinical characteristics, novel KLKB1 mutations, and estimated prevalence. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis: J Thromb Haemost. 2020. [DOI:10.1111/jth.14805] [PMID]
6
Zheng S, Just S, Brighton T. Prekallikrein deficiency. Pathology. 2016;48(6):634-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.pathol.2016.07.005] [PMID]
7
Barbosa ACN, Montalvão SAL, Barbosa KGN, Colella MP, Annichino-Bizzacchi JM, Ozelo MC, et al. Prolonged APTT of unknown etiology: A systematic evaluation of causes and laboratory resource use in an outpatient hemostasis academic unit. Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2019;3(4):749-57. [DOI:10.1002/rth2.12252] [PMID] [PMCID]
8
Zhou K, Mehedint D, Khadim H. Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time due to plasma prekallikrein deficiency: a case study and literature review on its clinical significance. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis: Int J Haemost Thromb. 2019;30(6):300-3. [DOI:10.1097/MBC.0000000000000837] [PMID]
9
Shahverdi E, Abolghasemi H, Ahmadinejad M. Combined occurrence of Bernard-Soulier syndrome and prekallikrein deficiency. Blood Res. 2017;52(3):229-31. [DOI:10.5045/br.2017.52.3.229] [PMID] [PMCID]
10
Dasanu CA, Alexandrescu DT. A case of prekallikrein deficiency resulting in severe recurrent mucosal hemorrhage. Am J Med Sci. 2009;338(5):429-30. [DOI:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181b270bb] [PMID]
11
Girolami A, Allemand E, Bertozzi I, Candeo N, Marun S, Girolami B. Thrombotic events in patients with congenital prekallikrein deficiency: a critical evaluation of all reported cases. Acta haematol. 2010;123(4):210-4. [DOI:10.1159/000313361] [PMID]
12
Poon MC, Moore MR, Castleberry RP, Lurie A, Huang ST, Lehmeyer J. Severe Fletcher factor (plasma prekallikrein) deficiency with partial deficiency of Hageman factor (factor XII): report of a case with observation on in vivo and in vitro leukocyte chemotaxis. Am J Hematol. 1982;12(3):261-70. [DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830120308] [PMID]
13
De Stefano V, Leone G, Teofili L, De Marinis L, Micalizzi P, Fiumara C, et al. Association of Graves' disease and prekallikrein congenital deficiency in a patient belonging to the first CRM+ prekallikrein-deficient Italian family. Thromb Res. 1990;60(5):397-404. [DOI:10.1016/0049-3848(90)90222-X]
14
Kyrle PA, Niessner H, Deutsch E, Lechner K, Korninger C, Mannhalter C. CRM+ severe Fletcher factor deficiency associated with Graves' disease. Haemostasis. 1984;14(4):302-6. [DOI:10.1159/000215079] [PMID]
15
Moore GW, Sangle SR, Archer RA, Maloney JC, Rahman A, D'Cruz DP. Complete prekallikrein deficiency masquerading as a lupus anticoagulant. Thromb Res. 2014;133(2):301-2. [DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2013.11.014] [PMID]
16
Squizzato A, Romualdi E, Buller HR, Gerdes VE. Clinical review: Thyroid dysfunction and effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis: a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2007;92(7):2415-20. [DOI:10.1210/jc.2007-0199] [PMID]
17
Ordookhani A, Burman KD. Hemostasis in Hypothyroidism and Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders. Int J Endocrinol Metabol. 2017;15(2):e42649. [DOI:10.5812/ijem.42649] [PMID] [PMCID]
18
Stuijver DJ, Piantanida E, van Zaane B, Galli L, Romualdi E, Tanda ML, et al. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome in patients with overt hypothyroidism: a prospective cohort study. Haemophilia: Official J World Federation Hemophilia. 2014;20(3):326-32. [DOI:10.1111/hae.12275] [PMID]
19
Unal S, Jariwala PD, Mahoney DH, Teruya J. A Challenging Diagnosis of Homozygous Prekallikrein Deficiency During the Preoperative Evaluation of an Infant With Intractable Seizures: A Literature Review of Surgical Management in This Disorder. Lab Med. 2010;41(5):271-4. [DOI:10.1309/LM5VS8FIFRF1OHCT]
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cardiac Involvement and Subsequent Death due to Extranodal NK/T Cell Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: An Autopsy Case and Brief Review of the Literature
Cardiac tumors range from benign to high grade malignancies. The incidence of cardiac involvement either by primary, or secondary tumors during autopsy is reported to be extremely low. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal type is an unusual type of lymphoma. The skin is the second most common site of involvement after the respiratory tract. We present a case of a 63-year-old male, who was recently diagnosed with ENKTL, nasal type, who received chemotherapy, and died without any evident cause. The corpse was referred for routine medicolegal examination. Macroscopical determination of the cause of death was not feasible and subsequent histopathological examination revealed heart infiltration by ENKTL that was found in vivo in cutaneous lesions. Similar infiltrations existed in the pancreatic tissue. To the best of our knowledge, myocardial infiltration of ENKTL, inducing severe myocardial lesions that eventually caused death, is rare, with limited cases reported in the literature.
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244483_a1c424eed3a4854ebe455c686301563d.pdf
2021-07-01
337
342
10.30699/ijp.2021.139566.2524
Autopsy
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma
forensic medicine
Heart infiltration
Heart lymphoma
nasal type
Sudden cardiac death
Nikolaos
Goutas
goutasnikos@hotmail.com
1
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
LEAD_AUTHOR
Emmanouil
Sakelliadis
esakelliadis@med.uoa.gr
2
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
LEAD_AUTHOR
Eleftheria
Lakiotaki
ellakiotaki@gmail.com
3
Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
LEAD_AUTHOR
Konstantinos
Katsos
dkatsos@med.uoa.gr
4
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
AUTHOR
Kalliroi
Spanou
royspanou1983@yahoo.gr
5
Department of Pathology, 251 Airforce General Hospital, Athens, Greece
AUTHOR
Pinelopi
Korkolopoulou
pkorkol@med.uoa.gr
6
Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
AUTHOR
Dimitrios
Vlachodimitropoulos
dvlacho@gmail.com
7
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
AUTHOR
Park JH, Shin HT, Lee DY, Lee JH, Yang JM, Jang KT, et al. World Health Organization-European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer classification of cutaneous lymphoma in Korea: a retrospective study at a single tertiary institution. J Am Academ Dermatol. 2012;67(6):1200-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2012.02.033] [PMID]
1
Willemze R, Cerroni L, Kempf W, Berti E, Facchetti F, Swerdlow SH, et al. The 2018 update of the WHO-EORTC classification for primary cutaneous lymphomas. Blood. 2019;133(16):1703-14. [DOI:10.1182/blood-2018-11-881268] [PMID] [PMCID]
2
Arber DA, Weiss LM, Albujar PF, Chen YY, Jaffe ES. Nasal lymphomas in Peru. High incidence of T-cell immunophenotype and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993;17(4):392-9. [DOI:10.1097/00000478-199304000-00010] [PMID]
3
Kanagal-Shamanna R, Bueso-Ramos CE, Barkoh B, Lu G, Wang S, Garcia-Manero G, et al. Myeloid neoplasms with isolated isochromosome 17q represent a clinicopathologic entity associated with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative features, a high risk of leukemic transformation, and wild-type TP53. Cancer. 2012;118(11):2879-88. [DOI:10.1002/cncr.26537] [PMID]
4
Jhuang JY, Chang ST, Weng SF, Pan ST, Chu PY, Hsieh PP, et al. Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type in Taiwan: a relatively higher frequency of T-cell lineage and poor survival for extranasal tumors. Hum Pathol. 2015;46(2):313-21. [DOI:10.1016/j.humpath.2014.11.008] [PMID]
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Pongpruttipan T, Sukpanichnant S, Assanasen T, Wannakrairot P, Boonsakan P, Kanoksil W, et al. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, includes cases of natural killer cell and alphabeta, gammadelta, and alphabeta/gammadelta T-cell origin: a comprehensive clinicopathologic and phenotypic study. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36(4):481-99. [DOI:10.1097/PAS.0b013e31824433d8] [PMID]
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Chan JK, Sin VC, Wong KF, Ng CS, Tsang WY, Chan CH, et al. Nonnasal lymphoma expressing the natural killer cell marker CD56: a clinicopathologic study of 49 cases of an uncommon aggressive neoplasm. Blood. 1997;89(12):4501-13. [DOI:10.1182/blood.V89.12.4501] [PMID]
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15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Bright Side of COVID-19: Integrated Art-based and Virtual Learning in Medical Education
This approach to learning is in accordance with the first of six strategies of Harden SPICES model for curriculum development: student-centered against teacher-centered approach (S) (7,8). In total, the results from medical students and the Knowles’ Andragogical Model as a theoretical lens, is expected to help medical education experts with emphasizing student center approach in the medical education curriculum to prepare future physician for meeting unexpected healthcare crisis demands.
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244486_dab9a655ccf27e5e94530e15f9f8f79e.pdf
2021-07-01
343
345
10.30699/ijp.2021.521015.2548
COVID 19 Pandemic
distance learning
virtual learning
Afsaneh
Yakhforoshha
a.yakhforoshha@qums.ac.ir
1
Education Development Center, Faculty of Medical School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
SamieeRad
fsamieerad@gmail.com
2
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gelgoot E., Caufield-Noll C., Chisolm M. Using the visual arts to teach clinical excellence. Med Ed Publish. 2018 Jul 16;7. [DOI:10.15694/mep.2018.0000143.1]
1
Mukunda N, Moghbeli N, Rizzo A, Niepold S, Bassett B, DeLisser HM. Visual art instruction in medical education: a narrative review. Med Educ Online. 2019 Jan 1;24(1):1558657. [DOI:10.1080/10872981.2018.1558657] [PMID] [PMCID]
2
Lippi, D., Bianucci, R. & Donell, S. The visual arts and medical education. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 27, 3397-3399 (2019). [DOI:10.1007/s00167-019-05744-4] [PMID]
3
Agarwal, G.G., McNulty, M., Santiago, K.M. et al. Impact of Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) on the Analysis of Clinical Images: A Pre-Post Study of VTS in First-Year Medical Students. J Med Humanit 41, 561-572 (2020). [DOI:10.1007/s10912-020-09652-4] [PMID]
4
Poirier TI, Newman K, Ronald K. An Exploratory Study Using Visual Thinking Strategies to Improve Undergraduate Students' Observational Skills. Am J Pharm Educ. 2020 Apr 1;84(4). [DOI:10.5688/ajpe7600] [PMID] [PMCID]
5
Chacko TV. Emerging pedagogies for effective adult learning: From andragogy to heutagogy. Arch Med and Health Sci. 2018 Jul 1;6(2):278. [DOI:10.4103/amhs.amhs_141_18]
6
Muganga L, Ssenkusu P. Teacher-Centered vs. Student-Centered. Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry. 2019 Sep 16;11(2):16-40. [DOI:10.18733/cpi29481]
7
Serin H. A comparison of teacher-centered and student-centered approaches in educational settings. Int J Soc Sci & Educ Studies. 2018;5(1):164. [DOI:10.23918/ijsses.v5i1p164]
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Concerning the Prevalence of HPV Genotypes and the Evaluation of Pap smear Results in Iranian Population: An Update
Human papillomavirus infection is one of the most common genital infections. More than 100 types of the virus have been identified, most of which can infect the genital mucosa. The virus is associated with cancerous and precancerous lesions of the cervix. Some types, such as human papillomavirus 16 and 18, are highly carcinogenic; some other types, such as human papillomavirus 6 and 11, are mildly carcinogenic, with HPV 31.33 in between. This study describes the relationship between different types of HPV infection and the findings of a Pap smear. In this prospective study, 1,500 samples from patients who admitted to a private Pathology Laboratory in Isfahan were collected during the years 2019-2020. Two samples were collected from each patient, one for Pap smear study and the other for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to detect different types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In a study of 1,500 samples, 236 were positive for Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Pap smear. By examining the genotype of positive examples, it was found that 14.8% of the samples were infected with type 16, and 1.7% were infected with type 82. HPV infection is common in Iran and is almost similar to European countries such as Germany and Spain. We also found that using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect HPV viruses in vaginal secretions could be very useful. Our findings also show which disease is most associated with each type of HPV.
https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_244498_763ec00d1fed1f4e9f437fd6ee62dbc9.pdf
2021-07-01
346
347
10.30699/ijp.2021.523796.2578
HPV Serotypes
Pap smear
Papillomavirus
Sina
Neshat
sinaneshat@yahoo.com
1
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
AUTHOR
Padideh
Daneii
padidehdanei@yahoo.com
2
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
AUTHOR
Negar
Neshat
negarneshat.md@gmail.com
3
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
AUTHOR
Sina
Raeisi
raeisi.sn@gmail.com
4
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
AUTHOR
Saba
Raeisi
saba.raeisi98@gmail.com
5
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Mohammad
Malakooti
mohammad73malakooti@gmail.com
6
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
AUTHOR
Noushin
Afshar Moghadam
afsharmoghadam@sbmu.ac.ir
7
Pathology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gelgoot E., Caufield-Noll C., Chisolm M. Using the visual arts to teach clinical excellence. Med Ed Publish. 2018 Jul 16;7. [DOI:10.15694/mep.2018.0000143.1]
1
Mukunda N, Moghbeli N, Rizzo A, Niepold S, Bassett B, DeLisser HM. Visual art instruction in medical education: a narrative review. Med Educ Online. 2019 Jan 1;24(1):1558657. [DOI:10.1080/10872981.2018.1558657] [PMID] [PMCID]
2
Lippi D, Bianucci R, Donell S. The visual arts and medical education. [DOI:10.1007/s00167-019-05744-4] [PMID]
3
Agarwal, G.G., McNulty, M., Santiago, K.M. et al. Impact of Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) on the Analysis of Clinical Images: A Pre-Post Study of VTS in First-Year Medical Students. J Med Humanit 41, 561-572 (2020). [DOI:10.1007/s10912-020-09652-4] [PMID]
4
Poirier TI, Newman K, Ronald K. An Exploratory Study Using Visual Thinking Strategies to Improve Undergraduate Students' Observational Skills. Am J Pharm Educ. 2020;84(4). [DOI:10.5688/ajpe7600] [PMID] [PMCID]
5
Chacko TV. Emerging pedagogies for effective adult learning: From andragogy to heutagogy. Arch Med and Health Sci. 2018;6(2):278. [DOI:10.4103/amhs.amhs_141_18]
6
Muganga L, Ssenkusu P. Teacher-Centered vs. Student-Centered. Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry. 2019;11(2):16-40. [DOI:10.18733/cpi29481]
7
Serin H. A comparison of teacher-centered and student-centered approaches in educational settings. Int J Soc Sci & Educ Studies. 2018;5(1):164. [DOI:10.23918/ijsses.v5i1p164]
8