@article { author = {Shamim, Thorakkal}, title = {The Spindle Cell Neoplasms of the Oral Cavity}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {175-184}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {10.7508/ijp.2015.03.001}, abstract = {Spindle cell neoplasms are defined as neoplasms that consist of spindle-shaped cells in the histopathology. Spindle cell neoplasms can affect the oral cavity. In the oral cavity, the origin of the spindle cell neoplasms may be traced to epithelial, mesenchymal and odontogenic components. This article aims to review the spindle cell neoplasms of the oral cavity with emphasis on histopathology.   How to cite this article: Shamim T. The Spindle Cell Neoplasms of the Oral Cavity. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):175-84.}, keywords = {Spindle Cell,Neoplasms,oral cavity}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11607.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11607_bb9690d5b0781cc8c3c2d97cceea8f6c.pdf} } @article { author = {N. Sivrikoz, Oya and Kandiloğlu, Gülşen}, title = {The Effects of Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 Expressıon on Aggressive Behavior in Basal Cell and Basosquamous Carcinoma}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {185-191}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {10.7508/ijp.2015.03.002}, abstract = {Background and Objective: Clinical behavior of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is known to be different according to histological growth pattern and basosquamous cell carcinomas (BSC) are known with their aggressive behavior and metastatic capacity. In this study, we evaluated bcl-2 and cyclin D1 expressions in BCC and BSC cases comparatively, to explore their predictive value on the aggressive behavior of these tumors.   Methods: One hundred tumors belong to 92 patients diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma and basosquamous carcinoma were studied. Basal cell carcinomas were classified as aggressive and non-aggressive types according to growth pattern. Number of Cyclin D1 and bcl-2 positive cells in immunohistochemically stained serial sections were scored as low (0-1 +) and high (2 and 3+) in all tumors. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between non-aggressive (nodular type) and aggressive types (micronodular, infiltrative types and BSC) for these markers (P<0.005). Cyclin D1 was higher in the aggressive group, while bcl-2 was lower in the aggressive group compared to the non-aggressive group. Conclusion: HigherCyclin D1 and lower bcl-2 scores was correlated with aggressive tumor types and these results could be used as markers to predict aggressive behavior in BCC and BSCs.   How to cite this article: Sivrikoz O, Kandiloğlu G. The Effects of Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 Expressıon on Aggressive Behavior in Basal Cell and Basosquamous Carcinoma. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):185-91. }, keywords = {Basosquamous Carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma,Cyclin D1,Bcl-2 Gene,aggression}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11608.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11608_aec52048a6fce0a612cbd3a640d7e075.pdf} } @article { author = {Salehpour, Masoumeh and Tayyebi Meibodi, Naser and Teimourpour, Roghayeh and Ghorani-Azam, Adel and Sepahi, Samaneh and Rostami, Sina and Meshkat, Zahra}, title = {Frequency of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18 And 31 in Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples of Invasive Breast Carcinoma, North-East of Iran}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {192-198}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {10.7508/ijp.2015.03.003}, abstract = {Background &Objective: Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy. Detection of DNA of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in breast carcinomas suggests that the virus may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of HPVs genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18 and 31 in paraffin-embedded tissue samples of invasive breast carcinomas. Methods: Three hundred and twenty six paraffin-embedded tissue samples of breast cancer were studied. PCR was performed using specific primers for HPV genotypes. Results: Of total 206 (63.2%) samples positive for Beta-globin gene, 54 (26.2%) were HPV-positive and 152 (73.8%) were negative for HPV. Distribution of HPV genotypes were as follows: 19 (25.7%) were positive for genotype 11, 5 (6.8%) were positive for genotype 6; and 2 cases (2.7%) were positive for both genotypes 6 and 11. Samples were also screened for HPV genotypes 16, 18 and 31 but none was positive. Conclusion: The current study confirmed the association of HPV and breast cancer. However, all samples were negative for high-risk HPV types 16, 18 and 31. How to cite this article: Salehpour M, Tayyebi Meibodi N, Teimourpour R, Ghorani-Azam A, Sepahi S, Rostami S, et al. Frequency of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18 And 31 in Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples of Invasive Breast Carcinoma, North-East of Iran. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):192-8. }, keywords = {Human Papillomavirus (HPV),Breast cancer,Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11609.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11609_d0d53836c6f68d0203511755b63090a4.pdf} } @article { author = {Bina, Masoume and Pournajaf, Abazar and Mirkalantari, Shiva and Talebi, Malihe and Irajian, Gholamreza}, title = {Detection of the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) in K. pneumoniae Isolated from the Clinical Samples by the Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {199-205}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {10.7508/ijp.2015.03.004}, abstract = {Background and Objective: The production of carbapenemases especially Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) is the most important mechanism of enzymatic resistance in isolated Enterobacteriaceae such as K. pneumoniae. The purpose of this study was detected of the carbapenemase producer K. pneumoniae strains with phenotypic and genotypic methods. Method: Out of 800 strains, 270 K. pneumoniae strains (33.7%), were obtained. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI guidelines. Carbapenem resistant strains were identified by the Modified Hodge Test based on CLSI instruction and PCR for surveying the presence of bla-KPC gene. Results: A total 270 K. pneumoniae strains were collected. Antibiotic susceptibility test results showed the highest and lowest resistance was related to piperacillin (60.6%) and carbapenems (14.6%) respectively. 80.5% (33 of 41) isolates were positive by MHT, but all of them (100%) were negative for amplification of the bla-KPC gene in the PCR method.  Conclusion: The MHT was an appropriate method for approving carbapenemase production. Moreover, a laboratory could accept the carbapenemase production with PCR method for the bla-KPC gene, which has the additional profit of validating which KPC is present.   How to cite this article: Bina M, Pournajaf A, Mirkalantari S, Talebi M, Irajian G. Detection of the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) in K. pneumoniae Isolated from the Clinical Samples by the Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):199-205.}, keywords = {Klebsiella pneumoniae,Carbapenem Resistance,bla-KPC gene,MHT}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11610.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11610_81a636a33235e15bcdbee1d84a818b4c.pdf} } @article { author = {Saleem Mir, Masood and Maqbool Darzi, Mohammad and Baba, Omer Khalil and Musadiq Khan, Hilal and Ahmad Kamil, Shayaib and Sofi, Asif Hassan and Wani, Sarfraz Ahmad}, title = {Streptozotocin Induced Acute Clinical Effectsin Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {206-213}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {10.7508/ijp.2015.03.005}, abstract = {Background & Objectives: Streptozotocin (STZ) is used for induction of Type-1 diabetes mellitus in animal models. Its beta-cytotoxic action results in sudden release of insulin leading to severe hypoglycaemia and even mortality. However, its sensitivity varies with species. Present investigation was aimed at studying STZ induced acute clinical effects in rabbits. Methods: Streptozotocin@ 65 mg/kg b.w.was administered to thirteenNew Zealand White rabbits, 1-1.5 kg body weight, as single intravenous dose in 1mL citrate buffer, pH 4.6. Blood glucose levels were recorded before drug administration and then at 20 min, 1h, and hourly up to 9 hours post-treatment followed by intravenous and oral glucose therapy. Clinical signs were noted. Results: STZ caused immediate hyperglycaemia up to 4 hours, and then progressively severe hypoglycaemia up to 9 hours. Hypoglycaemia caused characteristic behavioural alterations including lethargy, dullness, sitting quietly but appearing alert, followed by aesthesia and then muscular weakness with characteristic postural changes starting from drooping of head and torticollis, Rabbits recovered following glucose therapy. Marked individual variations in response vis-a-vis onset and severity of glycaemic changes were observed. Conclusion: STZ induced a characteristic multiphasic immediate response in rabbits similar to one reported in other rodents. Behavioural changes were characteristic of hypoglycaemia warranting early management in order to avoid fatalities.   How to cite this article: Saleem Mir M, Maqbool Darzi M, Baba OK, Musadiq Khan H, Ahmad Kamil S, Sofi AH, et al. Streptozotocin Induced Acute Clinical Effectsin Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):206-13.}, keywords = {Signs And Symptoms,Experimental model,Rabbits,streptozotocin}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11611.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11611_efd2dce0f911896a79627cb6361c64b4.pdf} } @article { author = {Jalayer Naderi, Noushin and Semyari, Hassan and Elahinia, Zahra}, title = {The Impact of Smoking on Gingiva: a Histopathological Study}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {214-220}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {10.7508/ijp.2015.03.006}, abstract = {Background and Objective: Smoking can be associated with the decreasing gingival blood flow and epithelial changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes of gingival epithelium and connective tissue in smokers. Methods: The study was case-control. Sixty male patients (28 smokers and 32 nonsmokers) suffering chronic periodontitis were participated in the study. Periodontal parameters consisting the gingival (GI) and periodontal (PI) indexes were registered. Tissue samples were taken during flap surgery. The hemotoxylin and eosin stained slides were assessed for blood vessel density, inflammatory cells infiltration and epithelial changes. The histopathological findings were compared between smokers and nonsmokers. Data analyzed using t-test and chi-square tests. Results: Smokers had lower GI (1.35 ± 0.48) and higher PI (2.87±0.68) than nonsmokers (2.72 ±0.31 and 1.87±0.25, respectively). The mean count of blood vessels with ≤ 0.5µ diameter was 18.78±10.06 and 5.90±2.93 in smokers, nonsmokers, respectively. The mean inflammatory cells infiltration in smokers, and nonsmokers were 0.89±1.03 and 70±0.46 that showed significant difference between two groups (P= 0.001, SD=1.21). The difference of epithelial hyperkeratosis, atrophy and acanthosis was not different in smokers and nonsmokers. Loss of normal epithelium pattern comprising of bulbous rete ridges, loss of polarity and increased parabasal cells was seen in 23(82.14%) of smokers and 2(6.25%) of nonsmokers. Conclusion: Despite the normal appearance of gingiva in smokers, smoking increasing the epithelial changes resemble to early phases of dysplasia and decreasing inflammatory reaction.   How to cite this article: Jalayer Naderi N, Semyari H, Elahinia Z. The Impact of Smoking on Gingiva: a Histopathological Study. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):214-20.}, keywords = {Histopathological study,Nonsmoker,Smoker}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11612.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11612_93c9c76906e582474fb7af38bb440de5.pdf} } @article { author = {Siadati, Sepideh and Sharbatdaran, Majid and Nikbakhsh, Novin and Ghaemian, Naser}, title = {Correlation of ER, PR and HER-2/Neu with other Prognostic Factors in Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of Breast}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {221-226}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {10.7508/ijp.2015.03.007}, abstract = {Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the world. The aim of this study was to assess estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2/neu of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) with tumor size, histologic grade, lymph node metastasis and age. Methods: This study was carried out on 300 tissue blocks ofpatients with IDC who underwent mastectomy from 2007 to 2011 in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Data including age, tumor size, and histologic grade and lymph node status retrieved from pathology department. Result: Themean age of the patients was 40.2±2.3 (ranged 19-82 years). ER and PR were positively correlated with each other (P= 0.001) and they inversely correlated with HER-2/neu  (P=0.001). We observed correlation between ER and PR expression and low histologic grade (P= 0.001) and HER-2/neu expression and high histologic grade (P= 0.003). There was correlation between HER-2/neu expression and lymph node involvement (P=0.03). None of these makers showed correlation with age and tumor size (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate the importance of ER, PR and HER-2/neu expression as prognostic factors for therapeutic decision.   How to cite this article: Siadati S, Sharbatdaran M, Nikbakhsh N, Ghaemian N. Correlation of ER, PR and HER-2/Neu with other Prognostic Factors in Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of Breast. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):221-6.}, keywords = {Estrogen Receptors,Progesterone Receptor,c-erbB-2 Proto-Oncogene,Invasive Ductal Carcinoma,Breast}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11613.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11613_9c4b7149a35b74d66878ded643f25b0e.pdf} } @article { author = {Roy, Shravasti and Das, Indranil and Nandi, Ayandip and De, Soma}, title = {Retroperitoneal Anaplastic Neuroblastoma in a 3-Year-Old Female: A Rare Case Report}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {227-230}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {10.7508/ijp.2015.03.008}, abstract = {Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. In different classification of neuroblastomas, a subset of undifferentiated or poorly differentiated tumors with bizarre histological features has been mentioned. A 3-year-old girl presented with abdominal pain. Her haematological and biochemical parameters were normal except her urinary vanelylmandelic acid level was elevated five times the normal value (64.4 IU/ml). On computed tomographyscan, a retroperitoneal contrast-enhancing mass was visible around D12-D13 region (60×52×47mm). Sections of CT guided trucut biopsy revealed large cells with pleomorphic nuclei, abundant cytoplasm and occasional multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemistry showed the cells reactive for neuron specific enolase, chromogranin-A, synaptophysin, non-reactive for cytokeratin, desmin and glial fibrillary acid protein and Alk-1. A diagnosis of anaplastic neuroblastoma was made. The child is currently under chemotherapy and doing well.   How to cite this article: Roy S, Das I, Nandi A, De S. Retroperitoneal Anaplastic Neuroblastoma in a 3-Year-Old Female: A Rare Case Report. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):227-30.}, keywords = {Neuroblastoma,Retroperitoneal Space, Case Report}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11614.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11614_8b567093bbb7d39a05683a9e96b31f0c.pdf} } @article { author = {Varadharajan, Eswari and Priya, Shanmuga and Prakash, Geetha and Mugundan, Archana and Easwaramurthi, Praveen}, title = {Mucinous Carcinoma of the Breast with Neuroendocrine Differentiation}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {231-236}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {10.7508/ijp.2015.03.009}, abstract = {Mucinous carcinoma of the breast is a well-differentiated type of adenocarcinoma accounting for 2-5% of all breast cancers. Pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast has a favorable prognosis, usually seen in post-menopausal women. Neuroendocrine differentiation has been described in both in-situ and infiltrating breast cancers .Mucinous carcinomas of the breast appear to have the greatest association with neuroendocrine differentiation. Chromogranin A and synaptophysin are specific immunohistochemical markers of neuroendocrine differentiation. We report a case of mucinous carcinoma of the breast with neuroendocrine differentiation in a 67-year-old female who was treated surgically in a classical manner.   How to cite this article: Varadharajan E, Priya S, Prakash G, Mugundan A, Easwaramurthi P. Mucinous Carcinoma of the Breast with Neuroendocrine Differentiation. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):231-6.}, keywords = {Breast,Mucinous Carcinoma,Neuroendocrine Differentiation}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11615.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11615_69db20dc1ae584dace4a746762955384.pdf} } @article { author = {Sabeti, Shahram and Yousefi, Forough and Pourabdollah Toutkaboni, Mihan}, title = {Enchondroma of the Skull Base in a Case of Ollier’s Syndrome}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {237-242}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {10.7508/ijp.2015.03.010}, abstract = {Ollier’s syndrome, a variant of multiple enchondromatosis, is a rare disease with an estimated prevalence of 1/100,000, characterized by multiple enchondromas, asymmetrically involving small bones of the hands and feet, especially the proximal phalanges. Intracranial enchondromas, such as those arising from the skull base are extremely rare. Herein, we report a 25-year-old female, known case of Ollier’s disease, presenting with right eyelid ptosis and visual disturbance. Brain MRI revealed a skull base tumour suspicious to enchondroma followed by trans-sphenoidal resection. Histologic examination of the excisional biopsy sample confirmed the diagnosis of enchondroma.   How to cite this article: Sabeti S, Yousefi F, Pourabdollah Toutkaboni M. Enchondroma of the Skull Base in a Case of Ollier’s Syndrome. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):237-42.}, keywords = {Enchondroma,Enchondromatosis,Ollier’s disease,Skull base,Intracranial}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11616.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11616_f9becd46fe6df50c7e110f08644dac0d.pdf} } @article { author = {Rana, Shweta and Sharma, Puja and Singh, Pawan and N Satarkar, Rahul}, title = {Leiomyoma of Scrotum: a Rare Case Report}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {243-247}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {10.7508/ijp.2015.03.011}, abstract = {Leiomyomas are benign tumors that originate from smooth muscle cells. Leiomyomas are well known to be the commonest neoplasm arising from the uterus but leiomyomas originating from the scrotum is a rare entity. They originate from the subcutaneous tissue or tunica dartos and can be solitary or multiple. We present a case of solitary scrotal leiomyoma in a 75 years old male who presented with a slowly growing, painless, firm, mobile 4cm lump in right side of scrotum. Clinically, it was provisionally diagnosed as sebaceous cyst and was excised. Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed findings consistent with Leiomyoma. There was no cytological atypia or mitosis. The final diagnosis of scrotal leiomyoma was given.   How to cite this article: Rana S, Sharma P, Singh P, N Satarkar R. Leiomyoma of Scrotum: a Rare Case Report. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):243-7.}, keywords = {Scrotum,Leiomyoma,Case Report}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11617.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11617_fd2c741ac02a3f84681357f1d5add999.pdf} } @article { author = {Talengala Bhat, Shaila and Shivamurthy, Archana and Calicut Kini Rao, Anuradha}, title = {Incidentally Detected Blue Nevus of Endocervix: a Case Report}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {248-252}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {10.7508/ijp.2015.03.012}, abstract = {Blue nevi are uncommon, asymptomatic lesions of the uterine cervix. These lesions are not often detected clinically or on colposcopy. Careful histopathological examination is required. The nevus cells are said to originate from the immature melanoblasts of the neural crest. These lesions need to be differentiated from malignant melanoma and melanosis of the cervix. We present here a case report of incidentally detected cervical blue nevus in a 52 year old lady.   How to cite this article: Talengala Bhat S, Shivamurthy A, Calicut Kini Rao A. Incidentally Detected Blue Nevus of Endocervix: a Case Report. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10(3):248-52.}, keywords = {Blue Nevi,Cervix}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11618.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_11618_6460b9dff00e6f5b33d44d46aa2e94e4.pdf} }