@article { author = {Bahadori, Moslem and Mohammadi, Forouzan}, title = {NANOMEDICINE}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {41-48}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Since its original conception in 1959, by Nobel physicist Richard P Feynman, the notion of nanotechnology and its potential ramifications have not only created fascination,but also intense scientific efforts and scrutiny. One of the most promising applications of nanotechnology is in the context of medicine. Due to their unique size-dependent properties nanomaterials such as nanoparticles offer the possibility to develop both new therapeutic and diagnostic tools. This applied nanotechnology to medical problems has been proposed as nanomedicine by NIH. Nanomedicine can offer new concepts that are reviewed. Specific attention is given to the development and basic approach of this new technique and give some principle definition of nanosized-particle and its application in treatment, diagnosis, monitoring and control of biological system. The future of nanomedicine and their applications of diseases of different organs will be reviewed later.  }, keywords = {Nanotechnology,Nanomedicine,Nanosized particle,Nanovehicle and Delivery system,Nanotherapy,Nanodiagnosis}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8900.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8900_41fbb229d9882856da07a049d9c96881.pdf} } @article { author = {Dabiri, Shahriar and Najafipour, Hamid and Niazmand, Saeed and Tabrizchi, Hamid}, title = {Histopathological changes of the antigen-induced chronic arthritis in the knee joint of the rabbit}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {49-54}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Objectives: The cause and pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis has not been fully understood and an experimental model of this disease is essential for research on the problem. In this research study, establishment and histopathological changes of chronic arthritis due to intra-articular antigen injection was used as a model of experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and Methods: Thirty three New-Zeeland white rabbits were sensitized by subcutaneous injection of combination of methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA) and Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) at days 1 and 14. Sensitized animals at day 28 received intra-articular injections of MBSA. At days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-injection, excised knee joints were investigated for routine light microscopic changes. Results: It was found out that at day 7 there are fibrinous exudates in the joint space and pericapsular soft tissue, edematous synovial villi, and an intact cartilaginous site of joint. At day 14, lymphoid follicle formation at pericapsular area, short and widening of synovial villi, superficial erosion of joint cartilage (perichondritis) was observed. Thereafter, at day 21 increased secondary lymphoid follicles with active germinal centers at pericapsular areas, papillary hyperplasia of the synovial villi, thinning of the cartilaginous site of joint with mononuclear cellular infiltrates (chondritis) was noted. In addition, day 28 was demarcated by continuation of the chondritis and beginning of osteitis, granulation tissue formation (Pannus) at cartilaginous site of joint, and fibrotic changes of the synovial villi. Rare findings including pseudocyst space and palisading ranuloma at the pericapsular area was also observed. Conclusion: Antigen-induced chronic arthritis in the knee joint of the rabbit is a good experimental model to evaluate the pathogenesis and/or effects of drug interferences in the rheumatoid arthritis.  }, keywords = {Chronic inflammation,Rabbit,Immune-arthritis,Histopathology,Rheumatoid arthritis}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8901.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8901_7c2c53bead1eda80f548657d0b5171e0.pdf} } @article { author = {Afshar, Reza and Jalali Nadoushan, Mohammadreza and Sanavi, Suzan and Komeili, Ahmad}, title = {Assessment of hemodialysis adequacy in patients undergoing maintenance maneuver by laboratory tests}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {55-60}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Objectives: Hemodialysis (HD) is one of the therapeutic modalities patients. Since inadequate dialysis increases mortality and morbidity of patients, therefore, assessment of dialysis adequacy is clinically important. For this reason, hemodialysis adequacy was determined in patients undergoing maintenance HD at the Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytic strategy of this research study was conducted on 54 patients in 2005. All of the patients were consented and informed of the study purposes. Data were collected using a reliable questionnaire including age, gender, height, weight, and dialysis duration. Prescribed, delivered, and equilibrated kt/v and URR (urea reduction ratio) were calculated using urea kinetic modeling formulas. All data analysis was carried out using t-test, Fisher exactly test, and Pearson correlation analysis (SPSS software). Results: The study population consisted of 54 patients undergoing conventional maintenance HD (36 males and 18 females) aged 18-83 years. The mean value of age was 55.27 ± 17.28 years. The mean values of prescribed kt/v, dkt/v (delivered), ekt/v (equilibrated), and URR were 1.11 ± 0.19, 0.94 ± 0.18, 0.8 ± 0.15, and 55.33 ± 7.05 respectively. Based on DOQI guidelines, the percentage of adequate prescribed kt/v, ekt/v, and URR were 33.3 %, 11.1 %, and 11.1 % respectively. The mean value of age in inadequate ekt/v group was greater than adequate ekt/v group, although t- test analysis did not show a statistically significant correlation (p = 0.085). In addition, Fisher exactly test showed a statistically significant correlation between adequate ekt/v and gender (p = 0.013) and also between ekt/v and URR (p<0.001). On the other hand, Chi-square test did not show a statistically significant correlation between ekt/v and underlying cause of ESRD (p = 0.685). Conclusion: It was found out that hemodialysis in this center is inadequate in a great percentage of patients, especially in male ones. Further research study with a larger sample size is suggested to evaluate contributing factors in dialysis adequacy. According to these findings, new treatment strategies may also be necessary.  }, keywords = {Hemodialysis,Adequacy of dialysis,chronic renal failure,kt/v}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8902.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8902_25a70b58f5760ff0d23650689a41fe6d.pdf} } @article { author = {Owlia, Parviz and Saderi, Horieh and Mansouri, Sadegh and Salemi, Sirus and Ameli, Hossein}, title = {Drug resistance of isolated strains of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa from burn wound infections to selected antibiotics and disinfectants}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {61-64}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Objectives: Infection is the most common problem following burn injury. Selection and dissemination of intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms increase the probability of burn wound colonization by resistant species including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has frequently been reported as the cause of nosocomial outbreaks of infection in burn wards or as colonizers of the wound of burned patients. Therefore, this research study was conducted to compare the activity of various antibiotics and disinfectants against clinically important strains of P. aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: One hundred strains of P. aeruginosa were obtained as clinical isolates from burn wound infections. The antimicrobial activity of antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion method of Kirby-Baur. For disinfectants, 30 μl of each of them was placed on sterile blank disk and studied by disk diffusion method. Results: The frequency of resistant strains to kanamycin, tobramycin, amikacin, cefotaxime, carbenicillin, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, cefixim, ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, cephalexine, and ceftriaxone was 100, 93, 95, 81, 84, 95, 94, 100, 99, 100, 100, and 92 respectively. The averaged diameter of inhibition zone for chlorhexidine (0.2%), povidione iodine (10%), cetrimide-C (3.5%), dekosept, hypochlorite (10%), micro 10+ (2%), deconex 53+ (2%), and ethanol (70%) was 14.4 ± 1.9 mm, 10.6 ± 1.3 mm, 9.1 ± 2.6 mm, 8.6 ± 2.2 mm, 26.9 ± 5.2 mm, 6.58 ± 1.5 mm, 8.3 ± 2.2 mm, and 6 ± 0.0 mm respectively.  }, keywords = {Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Burn infection,antimicrobial resistance}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8903.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8903_8f90f31b274a559e618040b12f4e9a18.pdf} } @article { author = {Ayatollahi, Hossein and Kianoush, Tayebeh and Khajeh Daluee, Mohammad}, title = {Evaluation of the total analytical error in the flame photometry method}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {65-68}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Objectives: For total analytical error, imprecision (SD) and bias, performance goals for laboratory tests have most often been developed. A total analytical error goal requires that the combination of errors from all sources (random and systematic errors) be within some acceptable limit. Materials and Methods: Fifty vials of sodium and potassium standards (Sandos Company) were chosen. Then, the concentration of sodium and potassium in these standards were daily measured using flame photometry for 50 days at biochemistry laboratory (Ghaem hospital, Mashhad). Thereafter, the mean, standard deviation, random and systematic analytical errors, and total analytical error from these values were calculated. Results: The systematic and random analytical errors for standard specimens using flame photometry method for sodium and potassium are με (Na) = 0.36, με (k) = 0.012, σε (Na) = 0.69 and σε (k) = 0.11 respectively. Meanwhile, the total analytical error of flame photometry for measurement of sodium and potassium was 1.74 mM/l and 0.232 mM/l respectively. Conclusion: In this study, it was found out that flame photometry system has good precision and accuracy and its total analytical error for measuring of sodium and potassium are within the acceptable range.  }, keywords = {Sodium,Potassium,Flame photometry,Total analytical error}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8904.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8904_287e6061f604336a94ef1763f7779468.pdf} } @article { author = {Hooman, Nakysa and Esfehani, Seyed Taher and Madani, Abas and Bodagi, Esfandiar and Mohseni, Parvin}, title = {Clinicopathologic features and outcome of membranous nephropathy in Markaz Tebi children hospital}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {69-74}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Objectives: This research study was conducted to determine the correlation between the clinicopathologic features and the outcome of membranous nephropathy. Materials and Methods: Data were retrospectively reviewed from all patients with a diagnosis of membranous nephropathy. Demographic, initial laboratory, and clinical findings were collected and the biopsy specimens were reviewed to classify them. To compare means, frequency, and to find correlation, student t-test, non-parametric x2 and Kendall-tau statistical tests were used respectively. A p value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: It was found out that during the years 1972-1996, 72 out of 2118 kidney biopsies had been diagnosed as membranous nephropathy. In this respect, male/female ratio was 2:1 (with a range of 1.5-14 years). Meanwhile, 45 out of 72 cases were idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). Furthermore, 27 out of 72 had a secondary cause of the disease due to systemic lupus erythematosus (11 cases) and HBsAg positive (12 patients). The most common features in both groups were nephrotic syndrome and hematuria. In idiopathic and in chronic renal failure groups, remission occurred in 20.9% and 20.9 % of the cases respectively during an averaged 2.13 years of follow up. The statistical test Kendall-tau was used to determine the correlation between initial findings and outcome in IMN. In this regard, a significant direct correlation was found between progression to renal failure and proteinuria (p = 0.009) and/or age (p = 0.01) at the time of admission. For secondary membranous nephropathy, the outcomes were variable depending on the etiology.Conclusion: Proteinuria, age, and underlying etiology are the most important factors determining the renal outcome in membranous nephropathy.  }, keywords = {Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy,Hepatitis B,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8906.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8906_ef3016dc63bb0eccce3ecb794153d6ad.pdf} } @article { author = {Kabiri, Mahmoud and Mohammadi Sichani, Mehrdad and Mohajery, Mohammad Reza and Taheri, Diana and Chehrei, Ali}, title = {Prognostic value of p53 in renal cell carcinoma}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {75-80}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Objectives: RCC is one of the most common genitourinary cancers. Accurate prediction of prognosis would be valuable for adjuvant trial design, counseling and effectively scheduling follow up visits. P53 is a tumor suppressor gene that expresses a protein that involved in both cell-cycle arrests after DNA damage and apoptosis. Presence of mutated p53 protein in tumors has been related to poor prognosis in several malignancies such as lung, breast and prostate cancer. There is diverging results concerning the prognostic significance of mutated p53 in RCC. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival rate of RCC and the role of inactivated p53 protein as a prognostic marker in RCC. Materials and Methods: Patients with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma were studied. Paraffin embedded specimens of patients who underwent surgery between 1994 and 2004 at our department were chosen. All specimens were reevaluated with regard to pathological stage, nuclear grade, histological subtypes and P53 expression. P53 expression was semiquantitively evaluated on paraffin-embedded tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic value of parameters was tested using Kaplan Meier plots by the log rank test and Cox regression analysis. Results: This study performed on paraffin-embedded specimens of patients with nonmetastatic RCC who underwent surgery between 1994 and 2004 at our department. The mean age was 52.64yr (SD: 13.49). Mean tumor size was 7.95cm (SD: 4.00). Pathological stage was I in18 (39.1%), stage II in 10(21.7%), stage III and IV in 18(39.1%) patients. Analysis revealed that 16 lesions were grade I (34.7%), 21(45.65%) grade 2, and 9(19.56%) grades 3and 4. The 10-year total survival of patients was 69.44%. In 28.3% of cases P53 staining was positive. In bivariate analysis tumor stage, tumor size, nuclear grade and P53 expression were not found to be significant prognostic factors. Conclusion: P53 can not be considered as a useful prognostic parameter in renal cell carcinoma.  }, keywords = {P53 expression,Renal cell carcinoma,Immunohistochemistry}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8907.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8907_15ceaeb48e123bac7d6d190b17ad6428.pdf} } @article { author = {Bahadori, Moslem and Gohari Moghaddam, Katayoun and erakhshani, Saeed and Vafaie, Mohammad}, title = {Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome Clinicopathological Review of a Series of 19 Patients}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {81-86}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Objectives: The etiology, pathophysiology, nomenclature and clinical manifes-tation of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is poorly understood. Aim: To examine the pathology of mucosal changes and clinical features of this syndrome. Materials and Methods: The mucosal biopsies of 19 patients with clinical evidence of solitary rectal ulcer as been reviewed in accordance with their clinical complaints and endoscopic findings within three years. Results: SRUS has been seen in both sexes (11 male and 8 female) at the age ranging from 12 to 72 years (mean 29 years). The main clinical complaints were rectal bleeding, mucorrhea and perianal pain. The major rectoscopic findings were ulceration, erythema of mucosal surface, congestion and polypoid pattern. The significant pathologic features were mucosal architectural distortion, very superficial and irregular mucosal ulceration, fibrosis of lamina propria and thickening of the muscularis mucosa with splaying of its fibers and extension of muscularis fibers between the mucosal crypts. Conclusion: Although SRUS is rare but it can be confused clinically with other similar diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease,cloagenic carcinoma and other malignancies. It must be looked in differential diagnoses of pelvic disorders since it is well recognized on rectoscopic and morphologic basis.  }, keywords = {Rectom,solitary,ulcer,solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS)}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8908.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8908_d791b979f2b3dc9bf593d286739b9acd.pdf} } @article { author = {Khoddami, Maliheh and Mirchi, Azita and Mirshemirani, Ali Reza}, title = {Congenital pharyngeal teratoma associated with malposed palatine teeth (A case report)}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pathology}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {87-90}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Farname Inc in collaboration with Iranian Society of Pathology}, issn = {1735-5303}, eissn = {2345-3656}, doi = {}, abstract = {Pharyngeal teratomas are rare. We present a mature solid teratoma (so called “hairypolyp”) involving naso- and oro- pharynx in a female infant who presented with a gradually enlarging mass at the roof of the mouth since birth. The pharyngeal mass was protruding into the mouth through a palatine defect present posteriorly which was removed completely. Subsequently she developed malposed anterior palatine teeth and by 15 months of age three of them were extracted. No residual or recurrent tumor wasdetected by CT scan.  }, keywords = {Teratoma,Hairy polyp,Pharynx,Malposed teeth,Palate}, url = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8909.html}, eprint = {https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_8909_c6b7fdec1a63db0edad349064511856a.pdf} }