Oral Pathology
Fahad Mansoor Samadi; Shaista Suhail; Manjari Sonam; Mohd Kaleem Ahmad; Vijay Kumar; Shaleen Chandra; Shadab Mohammad
Abstract
Background & Objective: Telomeres consist of repetitive G-rich nucleotides located at the end of each chromosome, acting as protein binding sites. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in telomere length in blood, saliva, and tissue samples at various stages of oral precancerous and ...
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Background & Objective: Telomeres consist of repetitive G-rich nucleotides located at the end of each chromosome, acting as protein binding sites. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in telomere length in blood, saliva, and tissue samples at various stages of oral precancerous and cancerous lesions.Methods: Samples of blood, tissue, and saliva were collected from patients with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. DNA extraction was performed. Then, a TRAP assay was conducted to assess and compare the telomere length and telomerase expression.Results: The levels of telomerase activity (TA) in the DNA samples ranged from 0.19 to 6.91 (2.05+1.37) among oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and from 0.17 to 4.5 (0.28+4.25) among precancerous patients. A significant difference was observed in TA levels between OSCC and precancerous samples (t=3.9691, P= 0.0000).Conclusion: Assessing the telomerase activity is crucial for studying the behavior of carcinoma in the clinical setting. The augmented telomerase expression and the length of telomere contribute to OSCC progression. Hence, this study adds a diagnostic tool that can serve as a biomarker for the early detection and prognosis of OSCC.
Oral Pathology
Siavash Bagheri Shirvan; Mehdi Shahabinejad; Farnaz Mohajertehran; Nazanin Nazari
Abstract
Background & Objective: This study aimed to determine the incidence of microRNA (miRNA; miR-1290) in the serum of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients compared to a control group using the qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.Methods: Blood serum samples were obtained ...
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Background & Objective: This study aimed to determine the incidence of microRNA (miRNA; miR-1290) in the serum of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients compared to a control group using the qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.Methods: Blood serum samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with OSCC and confirmed through biopsy. The samples were collected from patients referred to the Mashhad Dental Faculty and Ghaem Hospital. The OSCC group consisted of 17 patients, while the healthy group included 15 individuals. RNA was extracted from the patient samples, and samples with an A260/280 ratio between 1.8 and 2.0 (indicating acceptable RNA quality) were immediately converted into complementary DNA (cDNA) using albumin and cDNA reference genes. The SYBR green real-time reverse transcriptase PCR method was used to measure the presence of miR-1290 in the blood samples.Results: A total of 32 patients were examined in this study, including 17 women (53.1%) and 15 men (46.9%). The mean age was 46.7 years in the healthy group and 54.6 years in the SCC group, indicating a significant difference (P<0.05). The expression level of the miR-1290 gene was higher in patients with SCC compared to the healthy group (P=0.000). While the expression level of miR-1290 was higher in grade 3 and advanced stage than in grades 2 and 1 and early stage, the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.173 and P=0.564 for grade and stage, respectively).Conclusion: The expression level of miR-1290 may increase in SCC patients compared to healthy individuals, making it a potential circulating biomarker. Further investigations for diagnostic utility would be warranted.
Oral Pathology
Ghazal Akhlaghi; Fatemeh Shahsavari; Maedeh Ghorbanpour
Abstract
Background & Objective: Formaldehyde is an irritating substance that is categorized as a definite carcinogen (Group A1), according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This study was conducted to determine the role of this substance in the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in the ...
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Background & Objective: Formaldehyde is an irritating substance that is categorized as a definite carcinogen (Group A1), according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This study was conducted to determine the role of this substance in the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in the buccal mucosal cells due to long-term exposure of the pathology staff to formaldehyde.Methods: In this case-control study, 32 pathology laboratory staff members were assigned to the case group, and 32 staff members who were not exposed to formaldehyde were assigned to the control group. Buccal mucosa cells were collected with a wet spatula and stained with Papanicolaou stain. In each sample, 500 cells were counted; then, the frequency of MN and the average number of MN in the micronucleated cells were assessed and compared between the 2 groups using the independent t test. Furthermore, the relationship between gender and MN was evaluated using the independent t test. The relationship between years of exposure and time of exposure during the day (in hours) for the case group, as well as the relationship between age and frequency of MN was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: The mean frequency of MN in exfoliated buccal cells was 18.33±12.36 in the case group, which was significantly higher than the control group (10.55±6.22; P=0.003). The difference in the mean number of total MN in the micronucleated cells was not significant between the case and control groups (P=0.11). The relationship between sex, age, and years of exposure with the mean frequency of MN and the total number of MN in the micronucleated cells was not significant. The relationship between exposure time during the day and both the mean frequency of MN and the total number of MN in the micronucleated cells was significant (P=0.03). Conclusion: Formaldehyde exposure and extended time of exposure during the day can increase the frequency of MN, which can prognosticate the incidence of precancerous and cancerous lesions. Therefore, continuous exposure to formaldehyde can be considered an occupational health hazard, though further studies are needed to confirm this result.
Oral Pathology
Hala M. El-hanbuli; Mostafa A. Abou Sarie
Abstract
Background & Objective: Emerging evidence suggests that KRAS could play an important role in squamous cell carcinoma; however, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is largely unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of KRAS, Ki-67, Cyclin D1, and Bcl2 in ...
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Background & Objective: Emerging evidence suggests that KRAS could play an important role in squamous cell carcinoma; however, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is largely unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of KRAS, Ki-67, Cyclin D1, and Bcl2 in OSCC and their association with clinicopathological features.
Methods: Forty paraffin blocks of retrospective histologically diagnosed cases of OSCC and 20 blocks of oral leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia were obtained from two hospitals between 2018 and 2021. The paraffin-embedded tissue was analyzed for the expression of KRAS for oral epithelial dysplasia and OSCC, and ki-67, Cyclin D1, and bcl2 were analyzed only for OSCC. The results were correlated with each other and with different clinicopathological features and were statistically analyzed.
Results: KRAS expression was significantly associated with histological tumor grade, tumor extent, presence of nodal and distant metastasis, pathological stage, and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (P=<0.001, 0.001, 0.001, 0.009, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The KRAS expression was positively correlated with the histological grade, tumor extent, nodal status, and the pathological stage (r=0.712, 0.649, 0.646, and 0.865, respectively). A positive correlation was also found with the expression of Bcl2, Cyclin D1, and Ki-67 (r=0.81, 0.723, and 0.698, respectively). The KRAS expression in oral epithelial dysplasia was significantly lower than that in OSCC (P=0.003).
Oral Pathology
Rakesh Suresh; Mahija Janardhanan; Vindhya Savithri; Thara Aravind
Abstract
Dirofilariasis is a rare zoonotic disease endemic in tropical and sub-tropic countries, including India. Caused by the nematode of the genus Dirofilaria, the disease usually affects canines which form the primary hosts. Humans rarely get infected through the bite of potential mosquito vectors. Manifestations ...
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Dirofilariasis is a rare zoonotic disease endemic in tropical and sub-tropic countries, including India. Caused by the nematode of the genus Dirofilaria, the disease usually affects canines which form the primary hosts. Humans rarely get infected through the bite of potential mosquito vectors. Manifestations in humans have been reported to affect the orbital region, and intra-oral involvement is rarely reported. Our case was a 5-year-old boy who presented with a slow-growing diffuse swelling on the buccal mucosa. Dirofilariasis was diagnosed when the excised specimen was subject for histopathologic evaluation, yielding the identification of the Dirofilaria worm with the typical morphologic characteristics in the tissue sections. An extremely rare occurrence intra-orally, dirofilariasis can manifest as subcutaneous nodules. Pathologists have an important role in the final diagnosis of the disease through identifying the adult worm in the tissue sections of the biopsy specimen. Dental practitioners must be aware of such an entity as rarely this can be encountered in routine dental practice.
Oral Pathology
Hamideh Kadeh; Mohammad Eini; Maliheh Parsasefat; Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam
Abstract
Background & Objective: CCL4 (C-C chemokine ligand4) is a chemoattractant involved in tumors' development, progression, and metastasis. The relationship between the ccl4 gene polymorphisms and the risk of OSCC has not been studied in Iran. This study aimed to identify the effect of ccl4 gene polymorphism ...
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Background & Objective: CCL4 (C-C chemokine ligand4) is a chemoattractant involved in tumors' development, progression, and metastasis. The relationship between the ccl4 gene polymorphisms and the risk of OSCC has not been studied in Iran. This study aimed to identify the effect of ccl4 gene polymorphism on OSCC susceptibility in the population of Southeastern Iran.Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 100 participants, 50 patients with OSCC who were referred to the Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, and 50 healthy people were included. The DNA was extracted from the tissue blocks of OSCC patients. The rs10491121 and rs1634507 in the ccl4 gene were evaluated by the tetra-ARMS (Amplification Refractory Mutation System)- PCR technique. Data were analyzed in SPSS (version 21) using the Chi-square and logistic regression test.Results: CCL4 genotyping showed that AA+AG genotype in rs10491121 and AA+CA genotype in rs1634507 were slightly higher in control than in the case. Still, the risk of OSCC in both polymorphisms was not significantly different. The minor allele (A) in the rs10491121 and rs1634507 polymorphisms were more common in OSCC compared to the control group (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.66 – 2.22, P=0.54) (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.85-3.07, P=0.15). There was no association between OSCC histopathological grades and CCL4 genotypes at these two sites.Conclusion: Our results showed no association between ccl4 gene polymorphism and the risk of oral cancer in the population of Southeastern Iran.
Oral Pathology
Vaishnavi Vedam; Sivadas Ganapathy
Abstract
Dear EditorHead and Neck Cancers (HNCs) contribute to one of the global health concerns and have been a challenge to oncologists for decades. Breakthroughs in research with evidence-based reports based on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in clinical practice have been published to address patient ...
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Dear EditorHead and Neck Cancers (HNCs) contribute to one of the global health concerns and have been a challenge to oncologists for decades. Breakthroughs in research with evidence-based reports based on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in clinical practice have been published to address patient concerns. Risk factors, namely age, sex, diet, habits, and geographical variations, pose an established link with the prevalence of HNCs. Despite ongoing studies in cancer, the 5-year survival rate of the patients remains <50% to date. This has encouraged the scientists to research other possible novel risk factors and prognosis transformers that could present as targets for preventive or therapeutic interventions.
Oral Pathology
Sabarinath B; Protyusha GB; Dhanarathna S; Kaushik Prakash
Abstract
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a unique developmental odontogenic cyst which seem to be controversy’s favourite child since the time of its inception. This lesion has garnered special attention over the last two decades owing to the increasing confusion over its nomenclature and classification. ...
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Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a unique developmental odontogenic cyst which seem to be controversy’s favourite child since the time of its inception. This lesion has garnered special attention over the last two decades owing to the increasing confusion over its nomenclature and classification. Whether the change in category of OKC ends here or continues in the future will be an interesting watch. This commentary thus provides an insight into the ongoing debate and attempts to provide a constructive criticism on the same.
Oral Pathology
Nooshin Mohtasham; Narges Ghazi; Kazem Anvari; Farnaz Mohajertehran; Tahmineh Organji; Mehdi Shahabinejad
Abstract
Background & Objective: The present study investigated the relationship between invasive front (IF) of tumors and clinicopathological parameters including stage, grade, nodal involvement, lymphocytic host response (LHR), recurrence, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS).Methods: ...
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Background & Objective: The present study investigated the relationship between invasive front (IF) of tumors and clinicopathological parameters including stage, grade, nodal involvement, lymphocytic host response (LHR), recurrence, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS).Methods: A total of 87 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) biopsies were evaluated. Clinical stage, grading, nodal involvement, time of recurrence, OS, and DFS were assessed. The number of tumor budding cells in the IF was measured by two pathologists with an optic microscope. IF was graded to low risk (<5) and high risk (>5), according to the counting of tumor budding as a single cancer cell or cluster cells. Also, LHR was reported in the IF as mild, moderate, and severe.Results: IF was reported in 43.7% of patients as a low-risk group and 49.4% as a high-risk group. LHR was also mild in 31%, moderate in 25.3%, and severe in 43.7% of the patients. Most of the patients were in stage IV (31%) and grade 1 (60.9%). The high risk IF group had a significant statistical relationship with stage (P=0.001), grade (P=0.039), five years OS (P=0.03), five years DSF (P=0.01), and lymph node involvement (P=0.007). The relation between LHR and stage of disease was significant (P=0.034).Conclusion: Considering the important role of histopathological reports in the treatment plan of patients and the relationship between IF and clinical parameters, IF evaluation in routine histopathological examinations, especially in the early stages of OSCC, seems to be necessary.
Oral Pathology
Pooja Sharma; Anjali Narwal; Mala Kamboj
Abstract
Background & Objective: Cell population and turnover are controlled by a balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. Detection of apoptosis in oral cancer contributes to its better prognosis and improved management. This study aimed to quantify apoptotic cells in leukoplakia and oral squamous ...
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Background & Objective: Cell population and turnover are controlled by a balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. Detection of apoptosis in oral cancer contributes to its better prognosis and improved management. This study aimed to quantify apoptotic cells in leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using methyl green-pyronin (MGP) and hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. Methods: The sample included a total of 130 subjects (comprising 108 males and 22 females). Formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues were used and categorized into three groups of normal oral mucosa (n=10), leukoplakia with dysplasia (n=60), and OSCC (n=60). The number of apoptotic cells and apoptotic index (AI) were calculated after staining with MGP and routine H & E stained slides. Results: MGP stained the condensed chromatin of apoptotic cells. Statistically significant difference (P≤0.001) was observed among various study groups in terms of numbers of AI and apoptotic cells. Also, AI increased with increasing grades of dysplasia, and it was the highest in well differentiated OSCC. Results were statistically significant in both H & E and MGP stained sections (P≤0.001). A good correlation was found between MGP and H & E staining results. Conclusion: MGP is more specific and can lead to intense staining for chromatin in apoptotic cells. Accordingly, it can provide a good alternative to H&E in identifying apoptotic cells.
Oral Pathology
Mehdi DehghanNezhad; Noushin Jalayer Naderi; Hasan Semyari
Abstract
Background & Objective: Micronucleus assay of buccal mucosa cells is a simple bio- monitoring method for diagnosing the genetic damages of toxic agents. The aim was to study the genotoxic effect of waterpipe smoking on buccal mucosa cells using micronucleus assay. Methods: This was a case control. ...
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Background & Objective: Micronucleus assay of buccal mucosa cells is a simple bio- monitoring method for diagnosing the genetic damages of toxic agents. The aim was to study the genotoxic effect of waterpipe smoking on buccal mucosa cells using micronucleus assay. Methods: This was a case control. A total of 30 male waterpipe smokers and 30 non-smokers were included in the study. The exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were scrapped using wooden spatula and were spread over glass slides. The mean number of micronuclei was determined using Feulgen-stained slides. The number of micronuclei per 1000 cells was calculated and compared between the two groups of smokers and non-smokers. Result: The mean number of micronuclei in waterpipe smokers and non-smokers was 1.94±0.39 and 1.68±0.35, respectively. The micronuclei count in waterpipe smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers (P=0). The difference between the number of waterpipe smoking and micronuclei count was significantly different (P=0). Conclusion: The mean number of micronuclei in buccal mucosa cells of waterpipe smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers. The genotoxicity effect of waterpipe was dose-dependent.
Oral Pathology
Abbas Karimi; Samira Derakhshan; Monir Moradzadeh Khiavi; Farzaneh Mosavat; Faeze Mirjalili
Abstract
Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is a benign, locally aggressive neoplasm that rarely occurs in the facial skeleton. It usually presents during the first three decades of life. Due to its aggressiveness and high recurrence rate, early diagnosis is imperative, and complete surgical removal of the lesion is the ...
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Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is a benign, locally aggressive neoplasm that rarely occurs in the facial skeleton. It usually presents during the first three decades of life. Due to its aggressiveness and high recurrence rate, early diagnosis is imperative, and complete surgical removal of the lesion is the treatment of choice. Herein, we present three cases of DF namely a 2 year-old girl with a mandibular DF, a 9 year-old boy with a maxillary lesion and a 1.5-year old boy with a mandibular DF. Complete clinicopathological information, treatment plan and long-term follow-up of patients are discussed. Histopathologic features of 3 cases revealed non-capsulated spindle cell tumor with fascicular or swirling patterns in incisional biopsy. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to make a definitive diagnosis. Strongly positive nuclear immunoreactivity for β-catenin confirmed the diagnosis of desmoplastic fibroma in 3 cases. Segmental mandibulectomy, partial maxillectomy and hemimandibulectomy were done for the cases. There was no recurrence in our reported cases after 8 and 11 months and 3 years follow up, respectively. It is noteworthy that despite the aggressive nature of DF, young patients often respond well to wide resection treatment.
Oral Pathology
Nazanin Mahdavi; Maedeh Ghorbanpour
Abstract
Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is considered as a rare malignant salivary gland neoplasm with good prognosis, low recurrence rate and rare metastasis. Here we present a case of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma in a 42-year-old female with a swelling of 3-year duration in her palate. Histopathologic ...
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Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is considered as a rare malignant salivary gland neoplasm with good prognosis, low recurrence rate and rare metastasis. Here we present a case of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma in a 42-year-old female with a swelling of 3-year duration in her palate. Histopathologic evaluation of the lesion demonstrated a well-circumscribed, biphasic salivary gland tumor composed of double-layered ductal/glandular structures, composed of small luminal eosinophilic cells and abluminal larger clear myoepithelial cells, and luminal cells were positive for pan-cytokeratin, while the abluminal cells exhibited strong immunoreactivity for p63. Ki-67 proliferative index was 1% in abluminal cells. In this article, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of EMC and its mimics are discussed and the previously reported cases of EMC in the literature are summarized.
Oral Pathology
Savita S Thakkannavar; Veena V Naik
Abstract
Background and Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the collagen fibers qualitatively and its correlation with microvascular density in various grades of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Material and Methods: The present study comprised of total 40 cases of oral submucous fibrosis. Picrosirius ...
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Background and Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the collagen fibers qualitatively and its correlation with microvascular density in various grades of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Material and Methods: The present study comprised of total 40 cases of oral submucous fibrosis. Picrosirius red staining was done on all the specimens’ sections. They were analyzed for the colour and orientation of collagen fibers. Morphometric measurements were done using image analysis on immunohistochemical stained sections for Factor VIII-related antigen and analyzed for microvascular density. Results: Picrosirius red polarizing microscopy results revealed that there was a shift in the colour of collagen fibers from greenish yellow to orange red and red colour as the severity of the oral submucous fibrosis increased. The collagen fibers showed mixed orientation in early oral submucous fibrosis and parallel orientation in advanced oral submucous fibrosis. There was a significant decrease in microvascular density from early to advanced oral submucous fibrosis. Conclusion: The change in the colours and orientation of collagen fibers in early and advanced oral submucous fibrosis could be attributed to the fibre thickness, type of collagen, alignment and packing, cross-linking of the fibers and the section thickness. However, in advanced cases the vascularity is reduced which may predispose to epithelial atrophy and subsequent malignant changes.
Oral Pathology
Pooja Jaiswal; Mousumi Sharma; Faraz Ahmad; Nausheen Sanaullah Khan; Siddhartha Sinha; Megha Agarwal
Abstract
Background and objective: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of salivary gland lesions is an accepted and useful diagnostic tool to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Majority of the neoplasms are benign, and specific diagnosis on cytology can be made in most of the cases. However, ...
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Background and objective: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of salivary gland lesions is an accepted and useful diagnostic tool to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Majority of the neoplasms are benign, and specific diagnosis on cytology can be made in most of the cases. However, the utility is limited by the overlapping and heterogeneous morphological features of benign and malignant neoplasms. The current study aimed at investigating the cytomorphological features of salivary gland lesions with histopathological correlation and performing risk based stratification of these lesions using the recommended Milan system for reporting of salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC). Methods: The current study was conducted on 192 retrospective and prospective cases of salivary gland lesions over a period of three years from October 2014 to September 2017. Cytohistopathological correlation was observed in 62 cases. Subsequently, cytomorphological features were further revaluated, classified according to MSRSGC into six groups, and correlated with clinico-histopathological features. Result: Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of FNAC for salivary gland lesions was 63.16% and 97.62%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 92.31% and negative predictive value was 85.42%. The diagnostic accuracy to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions was 86.88%.The number of cases in each diagnostic category and the risk of malignancy (ROM) were as follows: nondiagnostic – three cases (ROM – 33.33%), nonneoplastic – 14 cases (ROM – 7.14%), atypical – one case (ROM – 100%), benign – 28 cases (ROM – 7.14%), NUMP – one case (ROM – 100%), suspicious – one case (ROM -100%), and malignant – 13 cases (ROM – 92.30%). Conclusion: Risk based stratification scheme as recommended by MSRSGC can provide a standard method to analyse the results and help to plan the management of salivary gland lesions.
Oral Pathology
Sandhya Tamgadge; Avinash Tamgadge; Aswathy Pillai; Mayura Chande; Siddharth Acharya; Narayan Kamat
Abstract
Background and objective:Candida albicans (C. albicans) play a significant role in oral mucosal carcinogenesis. It can be identified using various techniques in cytological smears. But, very few studies have been conducted on histopathological sections using calcofluor white M2R under fluorescent microscopy. ...
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Background and objective:Candida albicans (C. albicans) play a significant role in oral mucosal carcinogenesis. It can be identified using various techniques in cytological smears. But, very few studies have been conducted on histopathological sections using calcofluor white M2R under fluorescent microscopy. Additionally, detection and quantification of Candida colonies and its correlation with various grades of oral leukoplakia and oral carcinomas have not been explored much. Methods:The current retrospective study included 80 samples from archives consisting of 60 samples in the study group (10 cases each of mild, moderate, and severe epithelial dysplasia (totally 30) and 30 cases of oral carcinoma). Sections were stained with calcofluor white (CFW) and 10% KOH for the observation under fluorescent microscopy and correlated with different grades of oral leukoplakia and oral carcinomas. Chi-square test was used in SSPS software to study the presence and absence of Candida sp. in different groups. Results:The study groups of oral carcinoma and dysplasia showed a significant association with Candida sp. (P=0). When carcinoma was compared with each grade of dysplasia, except mild dysplasia (P=4.4E-05), both moderate (P=0.402195) and severe dysplasia (P=0.558746) showed an insignificant P-value. When the groups of mild (13.3%), moderate (30%), and severe (33.3%) dysplasia were considered independently, the incidence of Candida sp. increased as the grade of dysplasia increased. The number of colonies have been counted and the maximum number of colonies have been observed in carcinoma and the least have been observed in mild dysplasia. Conclusion: A significant association of Candida colonies with epithelial dysplasia and oral cancer was established. Further, CFW was found a promising candidate to identify Candida colonies in tissue sections using fluorescent microscopy.
Oral Pathology
Noushin Jalayer naderi; Hasan Semyari; Reza Hemmati
Abstract
Background and objective:Gingival bleeding reduction in smokers has been associated with decreased blood vessel density. The mechanism of suppressive effect of cigarette smoking on blood vessel density is not precisely defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of smoking on angiogenesis ...
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Background and objective:Gingival bleeding reduction in smokers has been associated with decreased blood vessel density. The mechanism of suppressive effect of cigarette smoking on blood vessel density is not precisely defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of smoking on angiogenesis by assessing mast cells density and VEGF expression in chronic periodontitis. Materials& Methods: 52 paraffin embedded block of gingiva tissues with periodontitis obtained from 30 nonsmokers and 22 smokers undergoing flap surgery were examined immunohistochemically for VEGF expression. Mast cell counts was completed on toluidine blue stained slides. Exposure to cigarette smoking was calculated by the number of packs × year. Patients were classified into 4 groups based on the number of smoked cigarettes. The correlation between VEGF expression and mast cell counts was evaluated and compared in nonsmokers and smokers. Results: The mean number of mast cells (p=0.004) and average value of VEGF expression (p = 0.000) in nonsmokers was significantly higher than smokers. No correlation was noted between VEGF expression / mast cell counts and number of smoked cigarettes in four groups of smokers (p=0.29,0.12 , 0.20 and 0.11, respectively). Conclusion: Mast cells and VEGF expression may account for suppressive effect of cigarette smoking on blood vessels in periodontitis.
Oral Pathology
Vandana Reddy; Kv Arunkumar; Vijay Wadhwan; Arvind Venkatesh
Abstract
Large, atypical peripheral ossifying fibromas are known as giant peripheral ossifying fibromas. These lesions have often been associated with heterogeneous clinical and radiographic characteristics subsequently leading to their misdiagnosis. Biopsies have been the gold standard for the diagnosis ...
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Large, atypical peripheral ossifying fibromas are known as giant peripheral ossifying fibromas. These lesions have often been associated with heterogeneous clinical and radiographic characteristics subsequently leading to their misdiagnosis. Biopsies have been the gold standard for the diagnosis of such lesions. This study reports on an acute presentation of giant peripheral ossifying fibroma, clinically mimicking a malignant lesion due to its atypical presentation along with its characteristic histological features, which led to the establishment of the diagnosis.
Oral Pathology
Manas Bajpai; Nilesh Pardhe
Abstract
Dear Editor-in-Chief Myxoid tumors of oral cavity encompass a broad spectrum of lesions, primarily neoplastic.(1) The significant variations in the biological behaviour; ranging from completely harmless to malignant neoplasm they require an accurate histopathological diagnosis to ensure a proper treatment. ...
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Dear Editor-in-Chief Myxoid tumors of oral cavity encompass a broad spectrum of lesions, primarily neoplastic.(1) The significant variations in the biological behaviour; ranging from completely harmless to malignant neoplasm they require an accurate histopathological diagnosis to ensure a proper treatment. (2) Because of the considerable overlapping between the clinical and histopathological features, this group of tumors often produce a diagnostic difficulty to the clinicians and oral pathologists.(3) An exhaustive review of the literature reveals that there is no approved classification of myxoid tumors of oral cavity. A simple working classification of myxoid tumors is proposed here.
Oral Pathology
Fatemeh Mashhadiabbas; Masoume Fayazi-Boroujeni
Abstract
Background & objective: Changes in submucosal vascularization and inflammation, determined by immunohistochemistry staining, were shown to be correlated with the development of dysplasia and invasiveness of epithelial cells in premalignant and malignant lesions. This study evaluated changes in sections ...
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Background & objective: Changes in submucosal vascularization and inflammation, determined by immunohistochemistry staining, were shown to be correlated with the development of dysplasia and invasiveness of epithelial cells in premalignant and malignant lesions. This study evaluated changes in sections routinely stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) in order to investigate vascular density and intensity of inflammatory cells infiltration during the progression of oral leukoplakia with mild dysplasia to Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC).The aim of the research was to determine whether changes in sub-mucosal vascularity and inflammatory infiltration of leukoplakia in routine H&E-stained sections could contribute to the assessment of severity of the lesion. Methods: In this cross-sectional, comparative and descriptive study, vascular density and inflammation intensity of 125 available samples of H&E-stained sections, consisting of 35 cases of mild and moderate dysplasia, 38 severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, and 52 SCC, were investigated. To analyze the data, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Tukey’s post hoc test, and cumulative ordinal logistic regression were conducted. Results: There was a significantly higher vascular density in cases with severe dysplasia, in situ carcinoma, and SCC compared to those with mild to moderate dysplasia (P<0.0001). However, the difference in vascularity was not statically significant between severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and SCC (P=0.78). Intensity of inflammatory cells infiltration in the underlying connective tissue was significantly different among the three groups (P<0.0001), and the highest intensity of inflammatory cells infiltration was seen in the SCC group. Conclusions: Increased submucosal vascularization and inflammatory cells infiltration can contribute further to predicting more aggressive epithelial dysplasia.
Oral Pathology
Ivonne A. Montes-Mojarro; Javier Baquera-Heredia; Juan Felipe Sanchez-Marle; Carlos Ortiz-Hidalgo
Abstract
The solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) are rare tumors in the head and neck region and there have been only 5 cases reported in the literature in the soft palate. The current paper presents a unique case of a 62-year-old male with TFS arising in the soft palate. The tumor was highly cellular, composed of ...
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The solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) are rare tumors in the head and neck region and there have been only 5 cases reported in the literature in the soft palate. The current paper presents a unique case of a 62-year-old male with TFS arising in the soft palate. The tumor was highly cellular, composed of bland looking haphazardly arranged spindle cells. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-6 and nuclear β-catenin were reactive by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The current case highlights the importance of the STAT-6 and the β-catenin as IHC markers to make a differential diagnosis with other entities. In summary, the paper presents the first reported case of a SFT of the soft palate in a male patient with nuclear expression of STAT-6 and β-catenin.
Oral Pathology
Rupam Sinha; Soumyabrata Sarkar; Tanya Khaitan; Deepsikha Ramani
Abstract
Gorham’s disease is a rare and atypical disorder epitomized by progressive osteolysis of bone with eventual total disappearance of bone. The etiology is poorly understood with variable clinical presentation. Most times it is initially misdiagnosed as temporomandibular joint dysfunction, periodontal ...
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Gorham’s disease is a rare and atypical disorder epitomized by progressive osteolysis of bone with eventual total disappearance of bone. The etiology is poorly understood with variable clinical presentation. Most times it is initially misdiagnosed as temporomandibular joint dysfunction, periodontal disease or odontogenic tumors clinically and radiographically in routine dental practice. Radiographic examination, such as Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) play a vital role in diagnosing such disorder resulting in disappearance of the involved bone entirely, which is a definitive distinguishing feature of this condition. Regarding the rarity of the condition, the current study presents a case of Gorham’s disease with distinctive clinical, radiological, and histological, features involving maxilla and mandible.
Oral Pathology
Tanya Khaitan; Pachigolla Ramaswamy; Uday Ginjupally; Arpita Kabiraj
Volume 11, Issue 5 , October 2016, , Pages 431-434
Abstract
Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a benign osteogenic lesion that is extremely rare in jaws. It is characterized by proliferation of either cancellous or compact bone and can be central, peripheral or extraskeletal. Pain is a distinctive feature of this lesion accompanied by vasomotor disturbances, which occur ...
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Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a benign osteogenic lesion that is extremely rare in jaws. It is characterized by proliferation of either cancellous or compact bone and can be central, peripheral or extraskeletal. Pain is a distinctive feature of this lesion accompanied by vasomotor disturbances, which occur long before radiographic and histopathology findings manifest. Here, we present a rare case report of OO of maxilla in a 40-yr-old male patient with noteworthy clinical, radiological and histological presentation. The diagnosis of OO is usually obtained by radiographs confirmed by histopathological analysis. Thus, the oral physician should have keen observation and appropriate knowledge concerning the same to avoid confusion with similar bony lesions.
Oral Pathology
Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour; Fatemeh Sadat Fatah; Mohammad Javad Ashraf; Mehrnaz Tahmasebi
Volume 11, Issue 4 , October 2016, , Pages 334-344
Abstract
Background: In cancers of prostate, breast, oropharynx, lung, hypopharynx and skin, human tissue kallikreins has been demonstrated as a main role in these problems. There are many research works in which some human tissue kallikreins are expressed in salivary glands. In the present study, the main goal ...
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Background: In cancers of prostate, breast, oropharynx, lung, hypopharynx and skin, human tissue kallikreins has been demonstrated as a main role in these problems. There are many research works in which some human tissue kallikreins are expressed in salivary glands. In the present study, the main goal was to determine expression of human tissue kallikreins 4, 8, 10, 11 and 13 in pleomorphic adenomas and mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Methods: Sixty-six specimens (45 cases of pleomorphic adenomas and 21 cases mucoepidermoid carcinomas) were selected for final analysis by immunohistochemistry. For doing association test, clinical parameters obtained from the patients’ medical charts, which included age, gender were used and the nonparametric tests employed for statistical analyses. Results: The expression of human kallikreins 4, 8, 11 and 13 was more prominent in benign and malignant tumors compared to that in normal tissues and the difference was significant. In addition, the expression of human kallikreins 4, 8, 10 and 11 in malignant tumors was more than that in benign tumors, with statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The differences in the levels of human kallikreins 4, 8, 11 and 13 suggest that kallikreins may benefit in determining tumor behavior of salivary gland tumors.
Oral Pathology
Arpita Kabiraj; Anil Singh; Tanya Khaitan; Amrita Jaiswal
Volume 11, Issue 5 , October 2016, , Pages 435-438
Abstract
Odontogenic fibroma (OF) is considered an unusual, benign mesenchymal neoplasm and one of the most little-understood lesions amongst all odontogenic neoplasms. The incidence rate of the tumor is from 0% to 5.5%. WHO classified them into intraosseous or central and extraosseous or peripheral variants. ...
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Odontogenic fibroma (OF) is considered an unusual, benign mesenchymal neoplasm and one of the most little-understood lesions amongst all odontogenic neoplasms. The incidence rate of the tumor is from 0% to 5.5%. WHO classified them into intraosseous or central and extraosseous or peripheral variants. It chiefly consists of fibroblastic tissue with an inconsistent amount of inactive appearing odontogenic epithelium. The lesion has a slow growth along with cortical expansion with equal predilection in the anterior maxilla and posterior mandible. Radiologically, multilocular radiolucency is the most frequent finding with few cases being associated with root resorption or displacement. Microscopically, mature collagen fibers and numerous fibroblasts along with odontogenic epithelial islands are characteristically found. Central Odontogenic Fibroma responds well to surgical enucleation with no tendency for malignancy or recurrence. Here we report a rare case report of an 18 yr old male patient with Odontogenic fibroma of the posterior maxilla.
