Nephropathology
Elham Farahani; Fatemeh Nili; Mehran Moghimian; Isa Jahanzad; Farzaneh sadat Minoo; Alireza Abdollahi; Samaneh Salarvand
Abstract
Background & Objective: The prevalence of glomerular diseases, as the leading cause of chronic kidney disease, is increasing. Renal biopsy is still the gold standard for diagnosis of the most kidney disorders. Data on prevalence of the biopsy-proven kidney diseases in Iran is limited and none of ...
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Background & Objective: The prevalence of glomerular diseases, as the leading cause of chronic kidney disease, is increasing. Renal biopsy is still the gold standard for diagnosis of the most kidney disorders. Data on prevalence of the biopsy-proven kidney diseases in Iran is limited and none of the previously reported studies used electron microscopic (EM) evaluation for the diagnosis. This study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of biopsy-proven kidney diseases in a referral center in Iran.
Methods: The reports of kidney biopsy samples from 2006 to 2018 referred to a pathology center, affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences were reviewed. The prevalence of different disorders was assessed based on the clinical presentation in 3 age categories, including childhood, adulthood, and elderly.
Results: Among 3455 samples, 2975 were analyzed after excluding transplant-related specimens, suboptimal specimens, and those with uncertain diagnoses. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) (39%) was the most common cause of biopsy followed by subnephrotic proteinuria (18%), hematuria in association with proteinuria (15%), renal failure (9%), isolated hematuria (6%), lupus (4%) and the other non-specific manifestations such as hypertetion or malaise (each one less than 2%). The most common diagnoses included membranous nephropathy (MGN) (17.9%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (15.9%), lupus nephritis (LN) (13.7%), minimal histopathological findings (unsampled FSGS versus Minimal Change Disease, 12.1%), Immunoglobulin-A (IgA) nephropathy (6.5%) and Alport syndrome (6.1%). MGN was the most frequent disease before 2013, but FSGS became more frequent after that.
Conclusion: NS and proteinuria were the most indications for kidney biopsy. Although MGN was the most common disease, the prevalence of FSGS has been increasing in recent years and making it the most common disease after 2013. LN and IgA nephropathy are the most common causes of secondary and primary GN presenting with proteinuria and hematuria, respectively.
Head and Neck Pathology
Sahar Assar; Sepideh Assar; Heidar-Ali Mardanifard; Zohreh Jaafari-Ashkavandi
Abstract
Background & Objective: There is no consensus on the prevalence of salivary gland tumors (SGTs) in Iran. Thus, we systematically reviewed the literature about the prevalence of SGTs in Iran and applied the last world health organization (WHO) classification.Methods: The systematic literature search ...
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Background & Objective: There is no consensus on the prevalence of salivary gland tumors (SGTs) in Iran. Thus, we systematically reviewed the literature about the prevalence of SGTs in Iran and applied the last world health organization (WHO) classification.Methods: The systematic literature search was performed in EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Magiran; we searched for "salivary gland," "tumor," "prevalence," and "Iran" until 1 March 2021. The studies included were written in the English and Farsi languages. The weighted mean prevalence of SGTs was calculated as prevalence (%) * (N/the sum of all N). We used the unpaired Two-sample T-test to compare the weighted means.Results: A total of 17 studies, including 2870 patients, were selected for the data synthesis. The weighted mean prevalence of benign and malignant tumors was 66% (95% CI: 59-73) and 34% (95% CI: 27-41), respectively. The patients' mean age was reported in 10 out of the 17 studies. The weighted mean age of the patients was 40 (95% CI: 37-42) and 49 (95% CI: 43-55) years for benign and malignant tumors, respectively (P=0.01). Pleomorphic adenoma (PA), followed by Warthin's tumor (WT), was the most prevalent benign tumor. Moreover, the most common malignant tumors were mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC).Conclusion: More than one-third of SGTs in Iran were malignant, which is higher than the reports from Middle Eastern countries. Information about risk factors and the burden of SGTs in Iran is insufficient. Thus, further well-designed longitudinal studies are warranted.
Manizheh Jozpanahi; Amitis Ramezani; Shahrzad Ossareh; Mohammad Banifazl; Anahita Bavand; Setareh Mamishi; Arezoo Aghakhani
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2016, , Pages 210-215
Abstract
Background: Primary infection with BK virus (BKV) is occurred during childhood and usually asymptomatic, but after initial infection, BKV may persist lifelong in the kidney and genitourinary tract. Reactivation may occur in individuals with compromised immunity such as renal transplant recipients. Due ...
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Background: Primary infection with BK virus (BKV) is occurred during childhood and usually asymptomatic, but after initial infection, BKV may persist lifelong in the kidney and genitourinary tract. Reactivation may occur in individuals with compromised immunity such as renal transplant recipients. Due to the role of BKV in BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) and potentially renal allograft rejection, the detection of BKV in renal transplant candidates is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of BK viremia in end stage renal disease cases who were candidates for renal transplantation. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 cases with end stage renal disease who were candidates for renal transplantation were recruited from the main dialysis unit in Tehran, Iran. Presence of BK viremia was determined in plasma samples of cases using real time PCR. Results: A total of 50 renal transplant candidates with mean age 37.8±13 yr were enrolled in the study. Fifty two percent of subjects were male. Forty six (92%) of them were under HD and 4 (8%) were on PD. BK virus was not detected in any plasma samples of renal transplant candidates. Conclusion: This study showed absence of BK viremia in our renal transplant candidates. However, due to the important role of BKV in BKVAN and renal graft failure and rejection, further studies involving larger number of cases are required to elucidate the rate of the BKV in renal transplant candidates.
How to cite this article:
Jozpanahi M, Ramezani A, Ossareh S, Banifazl M, Bavand A, Mamishi S, et al. BK Viremia among Iranian Renal Transplant Candidates. Iran J Pathol. 2016; 11(3):210-5.
Maryam Sotoudeh Anvari; Mohammad Ali Boroumand; Elham Amelimojarad; Marjaneh Nosrati; Neda Moradi; Hamidreza Goodarzynejad
Volume 8, Issue 4 , October 2013, , Pages 209-218
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) and surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common nosocomial infections with high mortality and morbidity. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of various species among BSIs and SSIs at Tehran Heart Center, Tehran, Iran. Methods: ...
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Background and Objectives: Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) and surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common nosocomial infections with high mortality and morbidity. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of various species among BSIs and SSIs at Tehran Heart Center, Tehran, Iran. Methods: Patients with localized or systemic infections that became evident 48 hours or more after hospitalization were included. Data were prospectively collected in 4 intensive care units (ICUs), 5 cardiac care units (CCUs), 7 post-CCUs, and 5 surgical wards during two consecutive years in 2008 and 2009. Approximately 18414 coronary angiography and 7393 open-heart surgeries were done within this period. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Among 212 detected patients with SSI and/or BSI in the year 2008, 138 had hospital acquired infection (HAI) and 74 had non–HAI while these figures for 2009 was 165/270 and 105/270, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus (21.5%) and Entrobacter spp. (16.5%) were two most common pathogens responsible for hospital acquired BSIs while S. aureus (20.6%) and S. epidermidis (20.6%) were corresponding isolates responsible for community acquired BSIs. Staphylococcus aureus (53.3%) and Escherichia coli (11.0%) were the two most common pathogens responsible for hospital acquired SSIs in the year 2008, while S. aureus (49.0%) and S. epidermidis (11.0%) were the most frequently reported hospital acquired SSIs in 2009. Conclusions: Making rational decisions about hospital infection control plans may reduce infection rates for bacteria with antimicrobial resistance.
Reza Shafiei; Zahra Riazi; Mohamdreza Sarvghad; Mysam Galian Sharifdini; Abbas Mahmoodzadeh; Massoud Hajia
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2011, , Pages 68-72
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Toxoplasmosis has become one of the more frequent opportunistic infections and the most common cause of focal brain lesions complicating the course of AIDS. However, there is a little information about the frequency of the toxoplasmosis in various regions of Iran. At ...
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Background and Objectives: Toxoplasmosis has become one of the more frequent opportunistic infections and the most common cause of focal brain lesions complicating the course of AIDS. However, there is a little information about the frequency of the toxoplasmosis in various regions of Iran. At the present study, we evaluated the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS in Mashhasd (Northeast Iran). Material and Methods: Overall, 258 suspected patients with CD4+ T-cell count and clinical manifestation for HIV infection were referred from Infectious Disease Center to Imam Reza Hospital in 2009. These patients were examined by ELISA, western blot method and tested by P24 antigen. HIV positive patients (n=121) were entered in this cross-sectional study and investigated for IgG and IgM anti- Toxoplasma antibodies with ELISA. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.83 + 6.75 yr. 83.5% of the patients were intravenous drug misuse. The IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were positive in 46 (38.01%) patients, while IgM antibody was detected in 3 cases (2.5%). Conclusion: The rate of toxoplasmosis infection in HIV positive patients is high. Therefore, immediate treatment of these patients is essential in rising specific antibody cases that may cause toxoplasmic encephalitis resulting from its reactivation.
Mohammad Rahbar; Hadi Mehragan; Negar Haji Ali Akbari
Volume 5, Issue 2 , March 2010, , Pages 90-96
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Non-fementer gram-negative bacilli (NFGB) are ubiquitous pathogen that has emerged as a major cause of health care associated infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of NFGB in an Iranian hospital. ...
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Background and Objectives: Non-fementer gram-negative bacilli (NFGB) are ubiquitous pathogen that has emerged as a major cause of health care associated infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of NFGB in an Iranian hospital. Materials and Methods: FromJuly 2005 to November 2006 a total of 257 strains of NFGB including 109 (42.41%) strains of Pseudomonas aeruoginosa, 88 (34.24%) strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, 48 (18.67%) stains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and 12 (4.66%) strains of Burkholderia cepacia were isolated from clinical specimens taken from patients hospitalized in an Iranian 1000–bed tertiary care hospital[d1] . Conventional bacteriological methods were used for identification and susceptibility testing of NFGB. Susceptibility testing was performed by method as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) Results: A total of 257 non-duplicating of NFGB strains were isolated from 234 hospitalized patients. The most effective antibiotic against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii was imipenem followed by tobramycin. Fluoroquinolones had moderate activity against P. aerugunosa. Most isolates of A.baumannii were multi-drug resistant. Susceptibility of S. maltophila to ticarcillin- clavuanic, ofloxacin and ceftazidim was 96%, 94% and 81%, respectively. Thirty three percent of this bacterium isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole. Conclusion: In our study, imipenem was the most effective antibiotic against P. aeruginosa and A. baummannii isolates. Previous history use of antibiotics, longer duration of hospital stay and mechanical ventilation were the major risk factors for resistance acquisition in NFGB especially in P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii.
Horieh Saderi; Parviz Owlia; Maryam Eslami
Volume 4, Issue 4 , September 2009, , Pages 161-166
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections in every region of the world. Clindamycin is one of the alternative agents used to treat S. aureus infections and accurate identification of clindamycin resistance is important to prevent ...
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Background and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections in every region of the world. Clindamycin is one of the alternative agents used to treat S. aureus infections and accurate identification of clindamycin resistance is important to prevent therapeutic failure. Unfortunately, inducible clindamycin resistance is not detected by standard susceptibility tests. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramins B (MLSB) resistance in S. aureus isolated in four university hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Material & Methods: Two hundreds and forty-four non-duplicate clinical isolates of S. aureus (133 methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 111 methicillin susceptible (MSSA) S. aureus) were collected in 2008. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by the D-test. Results: Altogether, 68% and 61.1% of isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively; with higher resistance in MRSA isolates compared to MSSA isolates. The constitutive MLSB (cMLSB) resistance phenotype was recognized in 61.1%, while 5.3% had shown inducible MLSB (iMLSB) resistance phenotype. Constitutive MLSB resistance phenotype predominated over inducible MLSB resistance phenotype and susceptible phenotype (83.9, 9.3 and 6.8%, respectively) among the MRSA isolates, whereas susceptible phenotype predominated over constitutive MLSB resistance phenotype and inducible MLSB resistance phenotype (62.6, 31.3 and 2%, respectively) among the MSSA isolates. Conclusion:Considering the higher prevalence of clindamycin resistance in MRSA isolates compared MSSA isolates, routine D-test of MRSA isolates is strongly recommended to prevent treatment failure.
