Oral Pathology
Fahad Mansoor Samadi; Shaista Suhail; Manjari Sonam; Mohd Kaleem Ahmad; Vijay Kumar; Shaleen Chandra; Shadab Mohammad
Abstract
Background & Objective: Telomeres consist of repetitive G-rich nucleotides located at the end of each chromosome, acting as protein binding sites. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in telomere length in blood, saliva, and tissue samples at various stages of oral precancerous and ...
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Background & Objective: Telomeres consist of repetitive G-rich nucleotides located at the end of each chromosome, acting as protein binding sites. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in telomere length in blood, saliva, and tissue samples at various stages of oral precancerous and cancerous lesions.Methods: Samples of blood, tissue, and saliva were collected from patients with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. DNA extraction was performed. Then, a TRAP assay was conducted to assess and compare the telomere length and telomerase expression.Results: The levels of telomerase activity (TA) in the DNA samples ranged from 0.19 to 6.91 (2.05+1.37) among oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and from 0.17 to 4.5 (0.28+4.25) among precancerous patients. A significant difference was observed in TA levels between OSCC and precancerous samples (t=3.9691, P= 0.0000).Conclusion: Assessing the telomerase activity is crucial for studying the behavior of carcinoma in the clinical setting. The augmented telomerase expression and the length of telomere contribute to OSCC progression. Hence, this study adds a diagnostic tool that can serve as a biomarker for the early detection and prognosis of OSCC.
Microbiology
Kosar Jalalvand; Nasrin Shayanfar; Freshteh Shahcheraghi; Elahe Amini; Masha Mohammadpour; Pegah Babaheidarian
Abstract
Background & Objective: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is a growing concern worldwide including Iran. The emergence of this pathogen is worrying as carbapenem is one of the 'last-line' antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by multi drug resistant gram- negative bacteria. The main ...
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Background & Objective: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is a growing concern worldwide including Iran. The emergence of this pathogen is worrying as carbapenem is one of the 'last-line' antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by multi drug resistant gram- negative bacteria. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this study, all positive isolates of Enterobacteriaceae recorded in blood, urine, and other body fluids were studied during April 2017 to April 2018 in a referral hospital in Tehran. All cases of resistance to carbapenems were first tested by modified Hodge test. All cases with positive or negative test, after gene extraction, were examined genotypically based on the primers designed for the three Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), and OXA-48 genes by conventional PCR method. Result: 108 isolates (13.6%) were resistant to all cephalosporins as well as to imipenem and meropenem. In a genotypic study, including 45 isolates, 13 isolates were positive for OXA-48 gene, 11 isolates for OXA-48 and NDM genes, 11 isolates for OXA-48, NDM and KPC genes, 4 isolates for OXA-48 genes and KPC, 3 isolates for NDM, one isolate for KPC. On the other hand, two isolates were negative for all three genes examined. Conclusion: OXA-48 gene was one of the most common genes resistant to carbapenems in Iran. According to studies, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Iran is rising dramatically, which reduces the choice of antibiotics to treat severe infections in the future.
R, Salehi; B. Tabanifar; E. Asgarani; M. Faghihi; T. Allame
Volume 3, Issue 4 , September 2008, , Pages 173-178
Abstract
Background and Objective: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues are a valuable source of DNA for molecular studies. We designed and optimized an efficient procedure for DNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Materials and Methods: Seventy three blocks of cervical paraffin-embedded ...
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Background and Objective: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues are a valuable source of DNA for molecular studies. We designed and optimized an efficient procedure for DNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Materials and Methods: Seventy three blocks of cervical paraffin-embedded tissues were investigated. DNA was extracted using 45 minutes boiling in alkaline solution together with 10 beads of Chelex-20, followed by phenol-chloroform extraction and alcohol precipitation. Results: This method produced DNA suitable for amplification using primers specific for human SMN and β globin genes in 98.63% and 82.2% of samples respectively. We also detected human papillomavirus DNA in 58.33% of appropriate samples. Conclusion: This procedure provides simple and efficient method for recovery of amplifiable genomic and viral DNA from paraffin wax embedded tissues.
Mehdi Nassiri; Mehrdad Nadji
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2006, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
The rapidly expanding fields of pharmacogenomics and pharmacodiagnostics have presented the pathology laboratories with many challenges and opportunities. As custodians of patient tissues, these laboratories are in the logical position to perform biomolecular testing for proper management of patients. ...
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The rapidly expanding fields of pharmacogenomics and pharmacodiagnostics have presented the pathology laboratories with many challenges and opportunities. As custodians of patient tissues, these laboratories are in the logical position to perform biomolecular testing for proper management of patients. In order to meet these challenges, the pathology laboratories of the twenty-first century should design and execute a biomarker-friendly, standardized tissue handling, including fixation and processing, to ensure uniform protection of macromolecules for clinically useful molecular assays. This important pre-analytic phase cannot be successful if tissues are handled in the traditional manner that includes the use of conventional fixation and processing. The recent progress in fixation and processing methods are rapidly replacing the time-honored routine formalin fixation and overnight processing. In this article we describe our experience with such system that not only produces good histomorphology but also preserves high quality RNA, DNA, and proteins in paraffin embedded material.
