Sara Jam; Duman Sabzevari; Arezoo Aghakhani; Ali Eslamifar; Mohammad Banifazl; Amitis Ramezani
Volume 2, Issue 4 , September 2007, , Pages 144-148
Abstract
Background and Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a frequent cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). Many reports have documented high rates of resistance in this species to commonly-used broad-spectrum antibiotics. The aim of this study was to assess the ...
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Background and Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a frequent cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). Many reports have documented high rates of resistance in this species to commonly-used broad-spectrum antibiotics. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro activity of some antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to determine the susceptibility patterns of isolates to different antibiotics. Materials and Methods: A total of 233 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from various clinical specimens of hospitalized children in Ali-Asghar hospital of Tehran (Iran) were considered for susceptibility test. These strains were tested against 12 different antibiotics by a disk diffusion method. Of these isolates, 33.9% were from trachea, 31.8% from urine, 6.9% from eye, 5.2% from blood, 5.1% from ear, 1.3% from cerebrospinal fluid, 1.2% from stool, and 14.6% from other sites. In addition, 48.5% of P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from patients in ICUs. Results: The most active antimicrobials were amikacin and other active compounds were gentamicin, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin respectively. Isolates from ICUs were more resistant to amikacin and gentamicin as compared to those from non-ICU wards (p<0.05). Isolates from trachea were more resistant to amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime than those from other sites (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed that amikacin was the most active agent against P. aeruginosa followed by gentamycin, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin. According to our in vitro study results, active antibiotic susceptibility testing and surveillance should be continued in order to curtail the problem of antibiotic resistance.
Amitis Ramezani; Minoo Mohraz; Mohammad Banifazl; Latif Gachkar; Sara Jam; Ali Eslamifar; Farhad Yaghmaie; Kambiz Nemati; Arezoo Aghakhani
Volume 2, Issue 4 , September 2007, , Pages 154-158
Abstract
Background and Objective: Dyslipidemia has become a common problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, especially in patients on combination antiretroviral therapy. In this study we aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and metabolic abnormalities in 2 groups of HIV infected patients ...
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Background and Objective: Dyslipidemia has become a common problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, especially in patients on combination antiretroviral therapy. In this study we aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and metabolic abnormalities in 2 groups of HIV infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and antiretroviral-naive patients. Patients and Methods: Forty HIV infected patients treated by HAART as a case group (6 females and 34 males) with a mean age of 40.7 ± 10 years and 15 HIV naïve as a control group (2 females and 13 males) with a mean age of 38.40 ± 8.3 enrolled in this study. The two groups were well matched in respect to age, sex and CD4 cell counts. A standardized questionnaire with epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data was completed by physicians. Blood samples were obtained for metabolic measurements. CD4 positive cell count was measured by f lowcytometry. Results: Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, lactate, and FBS were elevated in 24%, 37%, 3.7%, 44.4%, 29.6% and 11% of patients respectively. There was a significant difference regarding mean total cholesterol and LDL between treated group and controls (p<0.05). There was also no significant difference between treated group and controls regarding triglyceride, HDL, lactate and FBS levels. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that metabolic abnormalities are relatively common in HIV-infected patients receiving HAART. Therefore, it is recommended to screen the HIV infected patients on HAART for metabolic disorders, potential of morbidity, and possible long-term cardiovascular risk factors.