Shahrzad Hadavand; Fatemeh Ghafoorimehr; Leila Rajabi; Ali Davati; Nafiseh Zafarghandi
Abstract
Background & Objectives: One of the important infectious factors in pregnant mothers and newborns is Group B Streptococcus (GBS). There is no perfect report about prevalence of GBS in Iran and in the case of preterm rupture of amniotic membrane or preterm labor all patients are treated by antibiotics ...
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Background & Objectives: One of the important infectious factors in pregnant mothers and newborns is Group B Streptococcus (GBS). There is no perfect report about prevalence of GBS in Iran and in the case of preterm rupture of amniotic membrane or preterm labor all patients are treated by antibiotics without culture so this has led to adverse taking antibiotics and drug resistance. The present study is intended to determine the frequency of colonization of GBS in the pregnant mother (35-37 weeks), referred to medical centers of Shahed University. Methods: Overall, 210 pregnant women (35-37 weeks), referred to medical center of Shahed University, Tehran, Iran were selected as sample group and after filling out the questionnaires about demographic data and midwifery status and the related information of post- partum, the rectovaginal culture was done for them. Results: Among 210 samples, 7 (3.3%) included positive culture in terms of GBS colonization while all these cases were sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, nitrofurantoin, and all of the samples were resistant against tetracycline and contrimoxazole. There was no relationship among age, job, education, number of pregnancy, blood pressure background, diabetes and preterm childbirth with positive culture. Similarly, because of limited number of positive cases it was not possible to examine the relationship among GBS colonization and infection in mother and newborn. Conclusion: There was a low frequency in GBS colonization in the studied hospitals and the study inside the country also confirms this finding.
Maryam Amini; Ahmad Javanmard; Ali Davati; Ghasem Azimi
Volume 4, Issue 3 , June 2009, , Pages 123-127
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nosocomial infections are one of the most important worldwide health and increased patients hospital stay, therapeutic problem and mortality rate. This study was designed to determine the frequency of microorganisms isolated from tracheal tube in patients admitted to ...
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Background and Objectives: Nosocomial infections are one of the most important worldwide health and increased patients hospital stay, therapeutic problem and mortality rate. This study was designed to determine the frequency of microorganisms isolated from tracheal tube in patients admitted to ICU Shaheed Mostafa Khomeini Hospital Tehran, Iran, from 2001-2005. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 352 patients admitted to ICU of the hospital were evaluated from 2001-2005. Information was derived from 18 questions in 2 parts, demographic and clinic/paraclinic. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software, and Mean Whitney, chi-square tests. Results: Most patients were in 70-98 years age group, with the mean age of 62.73±10.03, 64.2% & 35.8% were male and female, respectively. The highest hospitalization times were 2-30 days with the mean times of 24.06±16.68 days. In addition, the median time of intubation was 9 days. The most common microorganisms were Staphylococcus aurous (23.6%), Klebsiella spp. (23.3%) Acintobacter spp. (20.7%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (18.2%) Escherichia coli (7.7%), and Enterobacter spp.(5.7%) .There was significant association between the time of endotracheal intubation and S. aurous, P. aeroginosa, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp.. (P<0.05), and between E-coli and hospitalization time (P<0.05). No significant association was found between Acintobacter spp. and other microorganism with other variants. Discussion: It seems that there is no difference between our research and other studies about microorganism isolated from patients with endotracheal tube. We recommend a similar study designed in another hospital to determine the epidemiologic pattern of microorganism frequency.
Afsaneh Ghasemi; Ali Davati; Saloumeh Peyvandi
Volume 1, Issue 3 , June 2006, , Pages 109-112
Abstract
Background and Objective: Cervical cancer involves many women annually and Pop smear test has played a significant role in reducing its mortality and for this reason, its improvement is very essential. In this respect, cervex brush is a new tool that has been introduced in many countries. Therefore, ...
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Background and Objective: Cervical cancer involves many women annually and Pop smear test has played a significant role in reducing its mortality and for this reason, its improvement is very essential. In this respect, cervex brush is a new tool that has been introduced in many countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare Pop smears from cotton swab-spatula and Cervex brush methods with regard to cell number. Materials and Methods: The clinical trial and randomized protocol of this study was conducted on 400 women as referrals of gynecology clinic of Hazrat Rassoul Akram (s) hospital and the cases with inclusion criteria were further investigated and their data using above-mentioned methods were compared. For statistical analysis, SPSS software and student’s t-test and chi-square tests were used. Results: It was found out that the mean age of cases was 34.13 ± 9.3 years. Meanwhile, there was a significant difference between the groups regarding endocervical cells (p<0.001) and bleeding on sampling (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that appropriate use of Cervex brush method can prevent the need for re-sampling regarding Pop smear test and in this way it can lower health-related costs.
Seyed Mohammad Bagher AkhaviRad; Ali Davati; Mohammad Reza Jalali Nadoushan; Mehdi Abedini
Volume 1, Issue 3 , June 2006, , Pages 113-116
Abstract
Background and Objective: Wilms’ tumor has been recognized as the most common primary malignancy of kidney at childhood, comprises 5-6% of tumors in this period, and manifests itself with various clinical symptoms. Since there have been no sufficient studies in this field in Iran, therefore, this ...
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Background and Objective: Wilms’ tumor has been recognized as the most common primary malignancy of kidney at childhood, comprises 5-6% of tumors in this period, and manifests itself with various clinical symptoms. Since there have been no sufficient studies in this field in Iran, therefore, this study was conducted to investigate its histopathology and clinical symptoms. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on existing data from 66 children with a diagnosis of Wilms’ tumor at children hospital during the years 1984-1999. In this regard, personal and disease-related characteristics of patients including age, gender, tumor stage, histopathology, and involved kidney were evaluated and SPSS software and Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and Mann- Whitney U test were used for data analysis. Results: The most common age of disease incidence was 2-4 years. In this regard, girl/boy ratio was 1.5. Meanwhile, the prevalence of an abdominal mass as the most common symptom was 83.3%. Left kidney was involved in 47% of cases and 55 of patients had a favorable histology. In addition, there was a significant correlation between site of kidney involvement and tumor histology (p<0.005). Conclusion: Considering the achieved advances in the diagnosis and treatment of Wilms’ tumor, prompt identification with regard to clinical symptoms can have a valuable role in its effective management.