Biology & Genetic
Farhad Shahi; Razieh Alishahi; Hossein Pashaiefar; Isa Jahanzad; Naser Kamalian; Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh; Marjan Yaghmaie
Abstract
Background & Objective: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) constitute an uncommon and heterogeneous group of tumors of mesenchymal origin and various cytogenetic abnormalities ranging from distinct genomic rearrangements, such as chromosomal translocations and amplifications, to more intricate rearrangements ...
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Background & Objective: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) constitute an uncommon and heterogeneous group of tumors of mesenchymal origin and various cytogenetic abnormalities ranging from distinct genomic rearrangements, such as chromosomal translocations and amplifications, to more intricate rearrangements involving multiple chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can be used to identify these chromosomal translocations and amplifications, and sub classify STS precisely. The current study aimed at investigating the usefulness of FISH, as a diagnostic ancillary aid, to detect cytogenetic abnormalities such as MDM2 (murine double minute 2) amplification and CHOP(C/EBP homologous protein) rearrangement in liposarcoma, as well as SYT (synaptotagmin) rearrangement in synovial sarcoma. Methods: The FISH technique was used to analyze 17 specimens of liposarcoma for MDM2 amplification and CHOP rearrangement, and 10 specimens of synovial sarcoma for SYT rearrangement. The subtypes of liposarcoma and synovial sarcomas were reclassified according to the FISH results and compared with those of the respective histological findings. Results: According to the FISH results in 17 liposarcoma cases, well-differentiated liposarcoma(WDLPS), dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS), and myxoidliposarcoma (MLPS)subtypes were 41%, 53%, and 6%, respectively. In different subtypes of liposarcoma, a total of 30% mismatches were observed between pathologic and cytogenetic results. According to the histological findings from FISH analysis, SYT rearrangement was found only in three out of 10 (30%) synovial sarcomas. Conclusion: The detection of cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with liposarcoma and synovial sarcoma by FISH technique provides an important objective tool to confirm sarcoma diagnosis and sub classification of specific sarcoma subtypes in such patients.
Microbiology
Fahimeh Safarnezhad Tameshkel; Mohmmad Hadi Karbalaie Niya; Masuodreza Sohrabi; Mahshid Panahi; Farhad Zamani; Farid Imanzade; Nasser Rakhshani
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2016, , Pages 216-221
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, the immune response to hepatitis C (HCV) treatment has become a crucial issue mostly due to the interleukin 28B (IL-28B) polymorphism effects in chronic HCV patients. The aim of this study was to detect the polymorphism of IL-28B gene (rs12979860) in HCV genotype 1 patients treated ...
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Background: Nowadays, the immune response to hepatitis C (HCV) treatment has become a crucial issue mostly due to the interleukin 28B (IL-28B) polymorphism effects in chronic HCV patients. The aim of this study was to detect the polymorphism of IL-28B gene (rs12979860) in HCV genotype 1 patients treated with pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin. Methods: From the 2010 to 2012, a total of 115 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HCV patients who presented to Gastrointestinal & Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran were enrolled in this retrospective cross sectional study. Samples were then categorized based on the presence of sustained virologic response (SVR and no-SVR). Variables including age, gender, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels of the two groups were investigated based on different IL-28B genotypes. Results: Analysis by the variables of age and gender showed a mean age ± SD of 42.1±14.0 and gender variability of 44 females (38.2%) and 71 males (61.8%). Adding up these results, the analysis of ALT levels revealed that there was between 293 and 14 mg/ml; AST levels ranged between 217 and 17 mg/ml; the viral load (HCV RNA) ranged between 7,822,000 and 50 IU/ml; the prevalence of CC, CT and TT genotypes were 90.9%, 54% and 25.0%. Conclusion: IL-28B polymorphism has an effective impact on the therapeutic response to ribavirin and peginterferon combination therapy in chronic HCV patients infected by different genotypes. This polymorphism is crucial in natural clearance.
How to cite this article:
Safarnezhad Tameshkel F, Karbalaie Niya MH, Sohrabi M, Panahi M, Zamani F, Imanzade F, et al. Polymorphism of IL-28B Gene (rs12979860) in HCV Genotype 1 Patients Treated by Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin. Iran J Pathol. 2016; 11(3):216-21.
Alireza Monsef; Mahmood Farshchian; Mohammad Jafari; Mehdi Farshchian
Volume 7, Issue 4 , September 2012, , Pages 231-235
Abstract
Background & Objective: Autoimmune bullous diseases are associated with autoimmunity against structural components in the skin and mucous membranes. Autoantibodies are against the intercellular junctions in pemphigus disease and hemidesmosomal unchoring complex in pemphigiod diseases and epidermolysis ...
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Background & Objective: Autoimmune bullous diseases are associated with autoimmunity against structural components in the skin and mucous membranes. Autoantibodies are against the intercellular junctions in pemphigus disease and hemidesmosomal unchoring complex in pemphigiod diseases and epidermolysis bullosa aquisita. The tissue-bound and circulating serum autoantibodies can be detected with direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF) tests. The aim of this study was to pinpoint the immunofluorescence pattern of Iranian patients with autoimmune bullous diseases.
Methods: In a prospective case series study, sixteen patients with autoimmune disease enrolled in the study for two years. Perilesional skins and sera from the patients were used in DIF and IIF for detection of immunofluorescence pattern.
Results:Out of 16 cases, 9 cases had pemphigus and 7 cases had bullous pemphigoid. All cases of pemphigus had positive DIF in intercellular region with lacelike pattern; IgG was detected in all cases, IgA in 1(11.1%) case and C3 in 3 (33.3%) cases. One (11.1%) case of pemphigus had positive IIF in intercellular region with lacelike pattern; circulating autoantibodies were IgG and IgA. All cases of bullous pemphigiod had positive DIF in dermal-epidermal Junction with linear pattern. IgG was detected in all cases, IgM in one (14.3%) case, and C3 in six (85.7%) cases. One (14.3%) case of bullous pemphoid had positive IIF in dermal-epidermal Junction with linear pattern; circulating autoantibody was IgG.
Conclusion: Immunofluorescence tests are sensitive diagnostic methods for autoimmune bullous diseases. IIF positive cases in our study were lower compared to the previous reports.
Farahnaz Ghahremanfard; Jafar Alavy Toussy; Behrang Kazeminezhad; Farzaneh Ramezani
Volume 8, Issue 4 , October 2013, , Pages 235-240
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cyclooxygenese-2 (COX-2) expression in breast cancer and its correlation with tumor prognosis is unclear. We investigated the incidence of COX-2 expression in patients and assessed interactions between COX-2 and clinical features of cancer and expression of HER2/neu, estrogen ...
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Background and Objectives: Cyclooxygenese-2 (COX-2) expression in breast cancer and its correlation with tumor prognosis is unclear. We investigated the incidence of COX-2 expression in patients and assessed interactions between COX-2 and clinical features of cancer and expression of HER2/neu, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR).
Methods: COX-2 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 29 patients’ specimens diagnosed as primary breast cancer between 2006 and 2008 at the Fatemieh Hospital, Semnan, Iran. Relationship between COX-2 expression and age, histological grade, histological type, nodal status, and hormone receptor status were evaluated.
Results: We used IHC method although it was not a quantitative study. Its expression depends on quality of antibody, staining and selection of analyzed region. COX-2, HER-2, ER, and PR were detected in 89.7%, 51.7%, 82.8%, and 79.3% of samples, respectively. Elevated COX-2 expression was not associated with size and grade of tumor, while mean numbers of involved lymph nodes was significantly higher in those with elevated expression of COX-2 (P = 0.001). There were no significant correlations between COX-2 expression and HER-2, ER, and PR receptors.
Conclusion: Only tumor tissue was analyzed and did not compare to normal tissue. Elevated COX-2 expression can be found in most patients with breast cancer and has a crucial role in tumor differentiation regarding degree of lymph node involvement. It seems that correlation between COX-2 and other oncogens and hormonal receptors might be influenced by geographical and racial factors, so, assessment of these relationships in each patient's population may be necessary.
Mohsen Mirzaee; Shahin Najar Peerayeh; Abdol-Majid Ghasemian
Volume 9, Issue 4 , October 2014, , Pages 257-262
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important pathogens that causes several nosocomial and community infections. Adhesion to surfaces and biofilm formation is considered main step in staphylococcal infection. The aims of this study ...
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Background & Objectives: Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important pathogens that causes several nosocomial and community infections. Adhesion to surfaces and biofilm formation is considered main step in staphylococcal infection. The aims of this study were to determine presence oficaABCD genes and relation to the biofilm formation in of MRSA isolates. Methods: Of the 63 MRSA clinical isolates collected from selected hospitals in Tehran, Iran,quantitative biofilm formation was determined by microtiter tissue culture plates (MtP). All MRSA isolates were examined for determination the icaABCD genes by using PCR method. Results: twenty nine (46%) of the isolates were strong produced biofilm on Mtp. All of the MRSA isolates carried icaD and icaC genes, whereas, the prevalence of icaA and icaB was 60.3% and 51% respectively. Conclusions: S. aureus clinical isolates have different capacity to production biofilm and adhesion. This may be caused by a different in the expression of biofilm genes and hetrogenicity in genetic origins.
Hematopathology
Fakhri Mohaghegh Zahed; Shahriar Dabiri; Abdolreza Javadi; Sajjadeh Movahedinia; Manzumeh Shamsi Meymandi Pharm; Bahram Dabiri; Parisa khorasani Esmaili; Mitra Sadat Rezaei; Mehrdad Farokhniya
Abstract
Background: To gain insight into the pathogenesis and clinical course of COVID-19 from a historical perspective, we reviewed paraclinical diagnostic tools of this disease and prioritized the patients with a more severe form of disease admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). The objective was to better ...
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Background: To gain insight into the pathogenesis and clinical course of COVID-19 from a historical perspective, we reviewed paraclinical diagnostic tools of this disease and prioritized the patients with a more severe form of disease admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). The objective was to better predict the course and severity of the disease by collecting more paraclinical data, specifically by examining the relationship between hematological findings and cytological variation of blood neutrophils and monocytes.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 112 patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Imam Hossein Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from August to September 2020. Peripheral blood smears of these patients were differentiated according to several cytological variations of neutrophils and monocytes, and the correlation to the severity of the disease was specified.Results: The mean percentages of degenerated monocytes, degenerated granulocytes, and spiky biky neutrophils were significantly different among critical and non-critical patients (P<0.05). Degenerated monocytes and granulocytes were higher in critical patients as opposed to spiky biky neutrophils, which were higher among non-critical ones. Comparing the peripheral blood smears of COVID-19 patients (regarding pulmonary involvement in chest computed tomography [CT] scans [subtle, mild, moderate, and severe groups]), the twisted form of neutrophils was significantly higher in the subtle group than in the mild and moderate groups (P=0.003).Conclusion: Different cytological morphologies of neutrophils and monocytes, including degenerated monocytes, degenerated granulocytes, and spiky biky and twisted neutrophils, could help to predict the course and severity of the disease.
Uropathology
Omid Azari; Reza Kheirandish; Mohammad Farajli Abbasi; Shahin Ghahramani Gareh Chaman; Masoud Bidi
Abstract
Background: Renal ischemia reperfusion injury may occur in a variety of clinical situations, following a transient drop in total or regional blood flow to the kidney. This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of different antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, hydrocortisone ...
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Background: Renal ischemia reperfusion injury may occur in a variety of clinical situations, following a transient drop in total or regional blood flow to the kidney. This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of different antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, hydrocortisone and combination of these agents against experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Method:Thirty male rats were divided into six groups. Group Sham, Group I/R: (45 min of ischemia followed by 1h of reperfusion), Group I/R+Vit C: (50 mg/kg Vit C, IV, immediately after reperfusion), Group I/R+Vit E: (20 mg/kg Vit E, IM, 15 min before reperfusion), Group I/R+Hydrocortisone: (50 mg/kg, IV, immediately after reperfusion), and Group Combination: Ischemia-reperfusion plus combination of Vit C, E and hydrocortisone. After the experiments, the left kidney was removed and the tissues were processed for histopathological examination.
Result: Severe injuries such as necrosis of tubules, atrophy of glomerulus, and hemorrhage were observed in group I/R. Histological scores indicating tissue injury significantly decreased in all treatment groups compared to the group I/R. The renal tissue in group treatment was preserved in comparison with the group I/R. Comparison between the treatment groups showed that group combination was more effective and group vit E was less effective in protecting of renal tissue against I/R injuries.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated simultaneous administration of combination of Vit C, E and hydrocortisone before reperfusion of blood flow to the ischemic tissue could show a synergy against deleterious effects of I/R injuries in kidney.
Molecular Pathology
Mitra Heidarpour; Mehran Taheri; Ali Akhavan; Parvin Goli; Amirhosein Kefayat
Abstract
Background & Objective: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) exhibits a vast range of expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients as a biomarker. This paper aimed to investigate HER-2 expression and clinicopathological parameters of esophageal SCC. Methods: HER-2 ...
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Background & Objective: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) exhibits a vast range of expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients as a biomarker. This paper aimed to investigate HER-2 expression and clinicopathological parameters of esophageal SCC. Methods: HER-2 expression was assessed in 102 ESCC patients by immunohistochemistry. The HER-2 staining intensity , according to the Gastric HER2 Biomarker1.0.0.1 version of the college of American pathologists (CAP) protocol for gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers, was graded as 0 (no reactivity in any of the cancer cells’ membranes); 1+ (pale or hardly noticeable reactivity in the membrane of cancer cells’ cluster [≥ 5 neoplastic cells] regardless of the positive cancer cells’ percentage); 2+ (weak-to-moderate complete, basolateral, or lateral membranous reactivity regardless of the positive cancer cells’ percentage); and 3+ ( strong complete, basolateral, or lateral reactivity in the membrane of the cancer cell cluster regardless of the positive cancer cells’ percentage).In this regard, 3+ scored samples were considered as positive. If HER-2 expression was scored 2+, an additional fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed. Fisher's exact test was employed for investigating the correlation of HER-2 expression status with patients’ clinicopathological characteristics (including age, gender, tumor location, stage, grade, infiltration level, venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, and tumor recurrence). Kaplan-Meier analysis was done for the patients’ survival assessments. Result: Five patients (~5%) were HER-2 positive and no significant association was observed between HER-2 expression and clinicopathological properties. In addition, HER-2 expression status exhibited no significant association with the patients’ overall survival (p =0.9299). Conclusion: HER-2 is not a suitable prognostic biomarker for Iranian ESCC patients.
Endocrine Pathology
Fatemeh Khatami; Bagher Larijani; Ramin Heshmat; Shirzad Nasiri; Hiva Saffar; Gita Shafiee; Azam Mossafa; Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
Abstract
Background & Objective: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is considered to be the most common type of thyroid malignancies. Epigenetic alteration, in which the chromatin conformation and gene expression change without changing the sequence of DNA, can occur in some tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. ...
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Background & Objective: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is considered to be the most common type of thyroid malignancies. Epigenetic alteration, in which the chromatin conformation and gene expression change without changing the sequence of DNA, can occur in some tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Methylation is the most common type of epigenetic alterations that can be an excellent indicator of PTC invasive behavior. Methods: In this research, we determined the promoter methylation status of four tumor suppressor genes (SLC5A8, RASSF1, MGMT, and DNMT1) and compared the results of 55 PTC cases with 40 goiter patients. For methylation, we used the methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM) assay technique. The resulting graphs of each run were compared with those of 0%, 50%, and 100% methylated controls. Result: Our data showed that the promoter methylation of SLC5A8, Ras association domain family member 1(RASSF1), and MGMT were significantly different between PTC tissue and goiter with P-value less than 0.05. The most significant differences were observed in RASSF1; 77.2% of hyper-methylated PTC patients versus 15.6% hyper-methylated goiter samples (P<0.001). Conclusion: RASSF1 promoter methylation can be a PTC genetic marker. RASSF1 promoter methylation is under the impact of the methyltransferase genes (DNMT1 and MGMT), protein expression, and promoter methylation.
Dermatopathology
Fatemeh Sari Aslani; Mina Heidari Esfahani; Mozhdeh Sepaskhah
Volume 13, Issue 3 , July 2018, , Pages 317-324
Abstract
Background and Objective: Non-scarring alopecia is a challenge in the diagnosis and treatment, rarely studied in Asian countries. The current study aimed at evaluating histopathological features including hair count of different subtypes of non-scarring alopecia in Iranian patients.Methods: The current ...
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Background and Objective: Non-scarring alopecia is a challenge in the diagnosis and treatment, rarely studied in Asian countries. The current study aimed at evaluating histopathological features including hair count of different subtypes of non-scarring alopecia in Iranian patients.Methods: The current study was conducted on 114 cases diagnosed with non-scarring alopecia in Molecular Dermatology Research Center and Pathology Department of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Cases with two 4-mm scalp punch biopsies were selected. Patients’ clinical data were compared with histological findings.Results: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) was the most common subtype Followed by alopecia areata (AA) and combined AGA/telogen effluvium (TE). Perifollicular inflammation was observed in 21% of AGA with a significant difference in males and females (66.7% vs. 33.3%; P-value <0.05). Clinical and histopathologic diagnoses were correlated in 55% of cases. Maximum correlation was observed in combined AGA and chronic TE (88%). For vertical sections, the diagnostic rate was 33.6%, while 88% for transverse sections.Conclusion: Transverse together with vertical sectioning provides most of the information in non-scarring alopecias, while transverse sectioning is enough to diagnose the majority of non-scarring alopecias. Perifollicular inflammation was observed in a significant number of cases with AGA, more common in males. It is suggested to report such cases as possibly curable.
Oral Pathology
Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour; Fatemeh Sadat Fatah; Mohammad Javad Ashraf; Mehrnaz Tahmasebi
Volume 11, Issue 4 , October 2016, , Pages 334-344
Abstract
Background: In cancers of prostate, breast, oropharynx, lung, hypopharynx and skin, human tissue kallikreins has been demonstrated as a main role in these problems. There are many research works in which some human tissue kallikreins are expressed in salivary glands. In the present study, the main goal ...
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Background: In cancers of prostate, breast, oropharynx, lung, hypopharynx and skin, human tissue kallikreins has been demonstrated as a main role in these problems. There are many research works in which some human tissue kallikreins are expressed in salivary glands. In the present study, the main goal was to determine expression of human tissue kallikreins 4, 8, 10, 11 and 13 in pleomorphic adenomas and mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Methods: Sixty-six specimens (45 cases of pleomorphic adenomas and 21 cases mucoepidermoid carcinomas) were selected for final analysis by immunohistochemistry. For doing association test, clinical parameters obtained from the patients’ medical charts, which included age, gender were used and the nonparametric tests employed for statistical analyses. Results: The expression of human kallikreins 4, 8, 11 and 13 was more prominent in benign and malignant tumors compared to that in normal tissues and the difference was significant. In addition, the expression of human kallikreins 4, 8, 10 and 11 in malignant tumors was more than that in benign tumors, with statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The differences in the levels of human kallikreins 4, 8, 11 and 13 suggest that kallikreins may benefit in determining tumor behavior of salivary gland tumors.
Oral Pathology
Sandhya Tamgadge; Avinash Tamgadge; Aswathy Pillai; Mayura Chande; Siddharth Acharya; Narayan Kamat
Abstract
Background and objective:Candida albicans (C. albicans) play a significant role in oral mucosal carcinogenesis. It can be identified using various techniques in cytological smears. But, very few studies have been conducted on histopathological sections using calcofluor white M2R under fluorescent microscopy. ...
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Background and objective:Candida albicans (C. albicans) play a significant role in oral mucosal carcinogenesis. It can be identified using various techniques in cytological smears. But, very few studies have been conducted on histopathological sections using calcofluor white M2R under fluorescent microscopy. Additionally, detection and quantification of Candida colonies and its correlation with various grades of oral leukoplakia and oral carcinomas have not been explored much. Methods:The current retrospective study included 80 samples from archives consisting of 60 samples in the study group (10 cases each of mild, moderate, and severe epithelial dysplasia (totally 30) and 30 cases of oral carcinoma). Sections were stained with calcofluor white (CFW) and 10% KOH for the observation under fluorescent microscopy and correlated with different grades of oral leukoplakia and oral carcinomas. Chi-square test was used in SSPS software to study the presence and absence of Candida sp. in different groups. Results:The study groups of oral carcinoma and dysplasia showed a significant association with Candida sp. (P=0). When carcinoma was compared with each grade of dysplasia, except mild dysplasia (P=4.4E-05), both moderate (P=0.402195) and severe dysplasia (P=0.558746) showed an insignificant P-value. When the groups of mild (13.3%), moderate (30%), and severe (33.3%) dysplasia were considered independently, the incidence of Candida sp. increased as the grade of dysplasia increased. The number of colonies have been counted and the maximum number of colonies have been observed in carcinoma and the least have been observed in mild dysplasia. Conclusion: A significant association of Candida colonies with epithelial dysplasia and oral cancer was established. Further, CFW was found a promising candidate to identify Candida colonies in tissue sections using fluorescent microscopy.
Biology & Genetic
Narjes Seid Alian; Parvin khodarahmi; Vahid Naseh
Volume 13, Issue 4 , October 2018, , Pages 408-414
Abstract
Background: Cadmium is a potent toxicant and carcinogenic in human and experimental animals. The evidence indicates that cadmium induces aberrant gene expression, inhibition of DNA damage repair, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of IP (intraperitoneal) injection of cadmium on ...
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Background: Cadmium is a potent toxicant and carcinogenic in human and experimental animals. The evidence indicates that cadmium induces aberrant gene expression, inhibition of DNA damage repair, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of IP (intraperitoneal) injection of cadmium on mRNA levels expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes in rat small intestine. Methods: 28 male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 grams were randomly distributed into 4 groups. Group 1 received saline while the animals in groups 2-4 were injected cadmium at doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg of cadmium for 15 successive days. One day after the last injection, the small intestine was dissected and the mRNA levels expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes was evaluated using Real Time PCR technique. Results: Cadmium increased the mRNA levels of Bax gene compared to the control group at 2 and 4 mg/kg (p < 0.01) in small intestine of rats. The mRNA levels of Bcl-2 gene decreased significantly compared to the control group at 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg (p < 0.001) in small intestine of rats. Conclusion: These results showed Cadmium exposure induced cell apoptosis by increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio expression.
Oral Pathology
Arpita Kabiraj; Anil Singh; Tanya Khaitan; Amrita Jaiswal
Volume 11, Issue 5 , October 2016, , Pages 435-438
Abstract
Odontogenic fibroma (OF) is considered an unusual, benign mesenchymal neoplasm and one of the most little-understood lesions amongst all odontogenic neoplasms. The incidence rate of the tumor is from 0% to 5.5%. WHO classified them into intraosseous or central and extraosseous or peripheral variants. ...
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Odontogenic fibroma (OF) is considered an unusual, benign mesenchymal neoplasm and one of the most little-understood lesions amongst all odontogenic neoplasms. The incidence rate of the tumor is from 0% to 5.5%. WHO classified them into intraosseous or central and extraosseous or peripheral variants. It chiefly consists of fibroblastic tissue with an inconsistent amount of inactive appearing odontogenic epithelium. The lesion has a slow growth along with cortical expansion with equal predilection in the anterior maxilla and posterior mandible. Radiologically, multilocular radiolucency is the most frequent finding with few cases being associated with root resorption or displacement. Microscopically, mature collagen fibers and numerous fibroblasts along with odontogenic epithelial islands are characteristically found. Central Odontogenic Fibroma responds well to surgical enucleation with no tendency for malignancy or recurrence. Here we report a rare case report of an 18 yr old male patient with Odontogenic fibroma of the posterior maxilla.
Ghasem Azimi; Hesam Amini; Niosha Andalibi
Volume 5, Issue 1 , January 2010, , Pages 18-21
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Apoptosis of eosinophils is of significant value in assessing the airway inflammation in patients with asthma. Our purpose was to investigate the degree of expression of the Bcl-2 protein in sputum eosinophils during acute asthma exacerbation and its relationship with ...
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Background and Objectives: Apoptosis of eosinophils is of significant value in assessing the airway inflammation in patients with asthma. Our purpose was to investigate the degree of expression of the Bcl-2 protein in sputum eosinophils during acute asthma exacerbation and its relationship with exacerbation severity. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran in March 2008. Sputum was obtained from 15 asthmatic patients and 13 healthy subjects as a control group. Number of eosinophils was counted and Bcl-2+ eosinophils were stained using immunocytochemistry. Results: Sputum eosinophils and Bcl-2+ eosinophils were significantly higher in patients with acute exacerbation than controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: Bcl-2 prolongs survival and decreases apoptosis of airway eosinophils during acute asthma exacerbation. Eosinophil apoptosis and inhibition of Bcl-2 represent a target for new and effective therapeutic strategies of asthma.
Indranil Chakrabarti; Swapan Kumar Sinha; Nilanjana Ghosh; Bidyut Krishna Goswami
Volume 7, Issue 1 , January 2012, , Pages 19-26
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Beta-thalassemia continues to be a cause of significant burden to the society particularly in the poorer developing countries. Although sophisticated methods of screening have become available, a hunt for a cheap, rapid, objective screening method still remains elusive. Thus, ...
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Background and Objectives: Beta-thalassemia continues to be a cause of significant burden to the society particularly in the poorer developing countries. Although sophisticated methods of screening have become available, a hunt for a cheap, rapid, objective screening method still remains elusive. Thus, the objectives are to study the validity of Naked-Eye-Single-Tube-Osmotic-Fragility-Test (NESTROFT) in detection of beta-thalassemia carrier state, to assess the prevalence of beta-thalassemia trait among antenatal mothers in the region and also to find out the effect of concurrent iron deficiency on the hematological parameters in these cases.
Materials and Methods:A total of 500 antenatal mothers in a rural tertiary care hospital were selected for the study. Their blood samples were subjected to NESTROFT, complete hemogram, reticulocyte counts and hemoglobin variant studies by electrophoresis and by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Serum ferritin estimation was done in cases diagnosed as beta-thalassemia trait. The results were analyzed statistically.
Results: A prevalence of 3.4% of beta-thalassemia trait and 0.6% of E-beta-thalassemia were observed among the study population. NESTROFT showed an overall sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 95.8% respectively in detection of heterozygous and double heterozygous states of beta-thalassemia. The various RBC indices were significantly (P <0.05) lower in carriers with concurrent iron deficiency. A co-existent iron deficiency did not preclude a diagnosis of beta-thalassemia carrier state.
Conclusions: NESTROFT appears to a valid test in rural setting with financial constraints. The hematological parameters in iron deficient beta-thalassemic carriers significantly differed from their iron replete counterparts but did not cause problem in diagnoses.
Forough Foroughi; Mahsa Molaei; Reza Mashayekhi; Hossein Dabiri; Leila Shokrzadeh; Homayoon Zojaji; Mehrdad Hagh Azali; Mohammad Reza Zali
Volume 4, Issue 1 , January 2009, , Pages 19-25
Abstract
Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori has several strains with different degrees of virulence. The aim of this study was to detect two major important virulence factors, cagA/vacA genotypes, and to determine correlations among different cagA/vacA genotypes and histological features of ...
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Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori has several strains with different degrees of virulence. The aim of this study was to detect two major important virulence factors, cagA/vacA genotypes, and to determine correlations among different cagA/vacA genotypes and histological features of chronic gastritis in Iranian patients. Methods: In this cross- sectional study, Gastric biopsy was taken from 166 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. The specimens were processed for DNA extraction and identificationof glmM gene. The vacA subtypes and cagA gene were tested by PCR. Histopathological features were recorded and graded according to updatedSydney system. Results: 76.7% of the H. pylori strains were cagA gene positive. The proportions of vacA gene subtypes s1, s2, m1 and m2 in the 78 strains isolated were 70.5%, 29.5%, 37.2% and 62.8%, respectively. 83.3% of the vacA-positive strains had s1 allele. Twenty-six strains (33.3%) were positive for both cagA and m1 allele. Positive cagA status and vacA subtypes were not associated significantly with presence of neutrophil infiltration, intestinal metaplasia or H. pylori density. Only vacA s1 was significantly associated with more severe inflammation (P=0.02).The dominant genotype of H. pylori was vacA+ s1/m2. CagA gene positivity rate was not closely associated with severity of the disease. Conclusion: H. pylori strains showing vacA s1 genotype were associated with more severe gastritis. These findings show that vacA genotyping may have clinical relevance in Iran.
Ahia Garshasbi; Samira Behboudi Gandevani; Soghrat Faghih-Zadeh; Tooba Ghazanfari
Volume 6, Issue 1 , January 2011, , Pages 20-26
Abstract
Background and Objective: Preterm birth occurs in 8% to 11% of all pregnancies and is responsible for 75% to 80% of all neonatal deaths. Cytokines may be involved in the etiology of preterm birth through their stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis. Cytokines may be released intocervicovaginal ...
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Background and Objective: Preterm birth occurs in 8% to 11% of all pregnancies and is responsible for 75% to 80% of all neonatal deaths. Cytokines may be involved in the etiology of preterm birth through their stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis. Cytokines may be released intocervicovaginal fluid during the breakdown of the chorio-decidual adhesion or from an inflammatory reaction in the same area. The aim of this study was to determine whether the values of interleukin 8 and 6 in cervical secretions could predict spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic high-risk pregnant women.
Materials and Methods: Levels of interleukin 6 and 8 in cervical samples, collected from 100 pregnant women between 22 to 28 weeks of gestation were measured by ELISA test in Mostafa Khomeini and hazrat-zeinab university hospitals in Tehran, from December 2006 to July 2007. Gestational age at time of delivery was recorded. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was used.
Results: There were 4.8, and 4.4, -fold increase in cervical interleukin 8 and 6 concentrations in early preterm versus term delivery. A single interleukin 8 >751.25 pg/ml, and l interleukin 6 >157 pg/ml, was identified early preterm versus term delivery. Sensitivity , specificity, positive and negative predictive values of interleukin 8 in early preterm birth were 89% , 83%, 69% , 94% and for interleukin 6 as 89%, 78%, 63% , 88%, respectively.
Conclusion: Cervical interleukin 8 and 6 is a sensitive and specific predictor preterm delivery.
Parviz Owlia; Horieh Saderi; Zohreh Karimi; Seyed Mohammad Bagher Akhavi Rad; Mohammad Ali Bahar
Volume 3, Issue 1 , January 2008, , Pages 20-25
Abstract
Background and Objective: Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-mediated resistance is an emerging threat in hospital isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There is not enough information from Iran regarding the prevalence and the screening methods for such enzymes. The present study was undertaken to detect ...
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Background and Objective: Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-mediated resistance is an emerging threat in hospital isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There is not enough information from Iran regarding the prevalence and the screening methods for such enzymes. The present study was undertaken to detect Metallo betalactamase in strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from burned patientusingphenotypic method. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 128 consecutive P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from hospitalized patients were subjected to susceptibility testing to antipseudomonal drugs by disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ceftazidime was determined. The production of MBL was detected by the zone size enhancement with EDTA impregnated ceftazidime disc. Results: It was found out that 94 (73.44%) of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime. These isolates screened as ESBLs producing strains and introduced for detection of MBL production. Out of the 94 P. aeruginosa that were resistant to ceftazidime, 50 (53.2%) isolates were MBL positive. This result indicated that 39.06% of all isolates were MBL positive. Conclusion: MBL-mediated ceftazidime resistance in P. aeruginosa is a cause for concern in the therapy of critically ill patients. The MBL producing P. aeruginosa isolates were more resistant to various antimicrobial agents. This result suggests that MBL producing isolates in hospitals may cause serious infections that illustrated when these strains were responsible for a nosocomial outbreak.
Iran Rashidi; Javad Mohammadi Asl
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2006, , Pages 21-24
Abstract
Objective: Approximately 15-20% of clinically recognizable pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in those abortions is as high as 50%.A modest but clinically important proportion of spontaneous abortions is caused by a balanced chromosomal aberration in one ...
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Objective: Approximately 15-20% of clinically recognizable pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in those abortions is as high as 50%.A modest but clinically important proportion of spontaneous abortions is caused by a balanced chromosomal aberration in one of the parents. This results from the production of gametes and embryos with unbalanced chromosome sets. The clinical consequences of such abnormal gametes include sterility, recurrent abortions, and giving birth to malformed children. Until now, no such studies have been done in Khozestan province. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and nature of chromosomal abnormalities that lead to recurrent abortions in Khozestan province, which should help physicians working in the region to realize the contribution of chromosomal abnormalities to cases of repeated fetal loss. Also it compares our region to other countries and research centers. This research study evaluated 142 cases with repeated abortion during 1-year period of the study. Methods and Materials and methods: For routine cytogenetic analysis, 3 ml of peripheral blood was incubated in complete lymphocyte culture medium and colchicine was added at prophase stage for fixing chromosomes. Then, they were categorized by G-banding method. Results: A total of 116 cases with a history of recurrent abortions were examined in this research study. The age of the referred women ranged from 20 to 43 years with an average of 28 years (SD = 4.75). Meanwhile, the age of referred men ranged from 22 to 44 years and with an average of 32.8 years (SD = 4.86). The number of previous abortions varied from 2 to 5 abortions (an average of 2.82 abortions per case). In addition, 8 females (12.7%) and 6 males (11.3%) were found to have abnormal karyotypes. These abnormalities were four balanced translocations, one deletion, one inversion and eight mosaic condition. Among cases with abnormal karyotype, the average of maternal age was 29 years (SD = 3.25). Meanwhile, the average number of abortions for cases with abnormal karyotype was 3.07 (SD = 0.83). Conclusion: The correlation for maternal age and chromosomal abnormality was P=0.083 and for the number of abortions and chromosomal abnormality was P=0.107.
Alireza Nateghian; Joan L. Robinson; Simin Rezaii; Mahnaz Kefayati; Naser Rakhshani; Safa Sianati
Volume 2, Issue 1 , January 2007, , Pages 23-28
Abstract
Background and Objective: The diagnosis of typhoid fever in children is a challenge due to the non-specific clinical picture. The current role of the Widal test for diagnosis in developing countries has not been clear. Materials and Methods: Charts were reviewed on all children ≤ 15 years of age discharged ...
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Background and Objective: The diagnosis of typhoid fever in children is a challenge due to the non-specific clinical picture. The current role of the Widal test for diagnosis in developing countries has not been clear. Materials and Methods: Charts were reviewed on all children ≤ 15 years of age discharged from 5 pediatric teaching hospitals in Tehran from 1991 to 2004 with a diagnosis of typhoid fever. The Widal test was performed on 58 children with confirmed and 40 children with probable typhoid fever and as control groups, 40 febrile children admitted with infections other than typhoid fever, and 40 afebrile children admitted for elective surgery. Results: For the confirmed cases of typhoid fever, 33 (57%) were male and the mean age was 7.5 ± 3.5 years. Fever was present in 56 cases (97%) and the mean duration of fever before admission was 14 ± 8 days. Other symptoms included tachycardia (60%), anorexia (60%), vomiting (60%), diarrhea (57%), abdominal pain (48%), and headache (34%). Hepatomegaly was present in 55% of cases, splenomegaly in 44%, and Rose spots in 14% of them. Positive cultures were from blood (45/58), stool (18/58), and bone marrow (12/17) with 4 cases having only positive bone marrow cultures. Positive titers of at least 1:40 for anti “O” and/or anti “H” agglutinins were found in 78% of confirmed cases, 65% of possible cases, 12.5% of febrile controls, and no afebrile controls. Conclusion: The Widal test remains a useful test for diagnosis of typhoid fever in developing countries where blood cultures may not be available or may be negative because of prior antibiotic therapy. A titer of at least 1:40 for anti “O” and/or anti “H” agglutinin should be considered a positive titer in Iranian children.
Biochemistry
Sakineh Zinati-Saeed; Ebrahim Shakiba; Ziba Rahimi; Mona Akbari; Fariba Najafi; Fariborz Bahrehmand; Asad Vaisi-Raygani; Zohreh Rahimi; Ali Ebrahimi; Mehrali Rahimi
Abstract
Background & Objective:To find an association between gene variants of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) with the risk of acne vulgaris (AV).Methods:In a case-control study, we investigated 150 AV patients and 148 healthy individuals (aged 18-25 ...
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Background & Objective:To find an association between gene variants of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) with the risk of acne vulgaris (AV).Methods:In a case-control study, we investigated 150 AV patients and 148 healthy individuals (aged 18-25 years) for the IGF-1 G>A and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms, as well as the serum levels of IGF-1, insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The serum biochemical parameters and the genotypes of IGF-1 G>A and MTHFR C677T were detected by using appropriate kits and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods, respectively.Results:The frequencies of IGF-1 and the MTHFR polymorphisms were not significantly different comparing patients and controls. The serum level of IGF-1 was 179.8±72.8 µg/L in AV patients compared to 164.6±63.7 µg/L in controls (P=0.056). The serum level of insulin in female patients was significantly higher than controls. The HOMA was 3.54±5.6 in patients compared to 1.16±1.4 (P<0.001) in controls. Significantly higher levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected in female patients than controls. However, the level of estradiol was significantly lower in female patients than in controls. In females, the presence of the MTHFR T allele was associated with significantly higher levels of FBS and LDL-C, as well as a significantly lower level of estradiol compared to those carriers of the C allele.Conclusion:We found the absence of an association between IGF-1 and MTHFR polymorphisms with the risk of AV. However, increased insulin, IGF-1, and HOMA levels in AV patients indicated the effect of insulin and insulin resistance in the risk of AV and its severity.
Ali Zare Mehrjardi; Amineh Vaghefi
Volume 8, Issue 1 , January 2013, , Pages 27-35
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Anaplastic lymphoma Kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the genesis of several human cancers. ALK was initially identified because of its involvement in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). ALK is believed to foster tumorigenesis following activation ...
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Background & Objectives: Anaplastic lymphoma Kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the genesis of several human cancers. ALK was initially identified because of its involvement in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). ALK is believed to foster tumorigenesis following activation by autocrine and/or paracrine growth loops. Studies reveal that the presence of anti-ALK antibodies may be relevant to the relatively good prognosis. Therapeutic approaches consisting of gene therapy and immunotherapy targeting this molecule hold promise.
Material & Methods: We examined a number of human breast cancers to see if ALK is expressed in this tumor and studied its relation with type of carcinoma and its grade, tumor size, presence of necrosis, vascular invasion , skin involvement, lymph node metastasis and patient’s age.
Result: 100 patients were enrolled with mean age of 50.2 ± 12.5 years. The histological phenotypes of the breast cancers studied included Invasive Ductal Carcinoma, Invasive Lobular Carcinoma and Medullary Carcinoma. ALK expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry which was positive in 47 cases (47%). No statistically significant relationship is found between the above mentioned parameters except for tumor size and ALK expression. (P< 0.01)
Hamidreza Azimi; Saeedeh Khajehahmadi; Amin Rahpeyma
Volume 9, Issue 1 , January 2014, , Pages 28-32
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (SCCOT) is the most common malignant neoplasm in oral cavity. At the time of the diagnosis of SCCOT regional metastases with a high mortality rate are common, which is due to the extensive lymphatic system drainage of the tongue. ...
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Background and Objectives: Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (SCCOT) is the most common malignant neoplasm in oral cavity. At the time of the diagnosis of SCCOT regional metastases with a high mortality rate are common, which is due to the extensive lymphatic system drainage of the tongue. Although the level of healthcare has significantly improved, the survival rate is still low with an unsatisfactory cure rate. The present study was designed to establish a clinical review on adults with SCCOT and to determine whether the rate of SCCOT has been changed over the 20-year.
Methods: A cohort of 102 patients was recruited for this retrospective study. The study was carried out by reviewing the medical reports and case notes of patients with histologically confirmed SCCOT.
Results: The peak incidence was observed between 60 and 70 years. Stage I disease was found in 24, stage II in 64, stage III in 10 and stage IV in four patients. Seventy-three patients were treated with combined therapy; surgery and radiation, whereas, 29 patients received only surgery. The overall 5-year survival was 60%. Thirty patients developed tumor recurrence including 12 local, 12 nodal, four locoregional, and two distant. Thirty-four patients died during the follow-up period, six with persistent disease, and 62 remained cancer free, giving a mortality and morbidity rate of 39%.
Conclusion: This study recommends aggressive early treatment of patients with SCCOT including resection of the primary tumor with a safe margin (1.5cm) in addition to an appropriate neck dissection.
Molecular Pathology
Geita Saadatnia; Aboutaleb Saremi; Behrouz Salehian; Pirooz Salehian
Abstract
Background and Objective: For nearly a century, it has been suspected that reproductive tract infections play an etiologic role in uterine leiomyoma. However, no epidemiologic study of leiomyoma has used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to compare uterine tissues from cases and non-cases, and to investigate ...
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Background and Objective: For nearly a century, it has been suspected that reproductive tract infections play an etiologic role in uterine leiomyoma. However, no epidemiologic study of leiomyoma has used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to compare uterine tissues from cases and non-cases, and to investigate associations between uterine leiomyoma and infections detected by PCR.Methods: In this case-control study, 92 leiomyoma tissues from cases, and 94 myometrial tissue from controls were screened by PCR for cytomegalovirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus-1, 2, and human papillomavirus typed as 16/18 or another strain. Multivariable analysis used age-adjusted logistic regression, and generalized linear regression as appropriate.Results: In the uterine tissues of cases and unmatched controls, the prevalence of infection was: cytomegalovirus (32.6%, 7.4%), C. trachomatis (23.9%, 37.2%), herpes simplex virus-1,2 (25.0%, 13.8%), human papillomavirus 16/18 (13.0%, 10.5%). Leiomyoma was associated with cytomegalovirus (Odds Ratio (O.R.) 6.10; 95% confidence interval (C.I.), 2.40, 15.55) and Chlamydia (O.R. 0.47; 95% C.I. 0.23, 0.97). Likewise, the log count of leiomyoma was higher with cytomegalovirus (+0.65, 95% C.I. +0.34, +0.95) and lower with Chlamydia (-0.71, 95% C.I. -1.12, -0.29).Conclusion: This first application of PCR to leiomyomata and control uterine tissues from non-cases reveals that cytomegalovirus is associated with the presence, number, and volume of uterine leiomyoma, while C. trachomatis is inversely associated with leiomyoma, but only in the absence of cytomegalovirus. Current findings provide preliminary evidence that common reproductive tract infections contribute to the growth and control of at least some cases of uterine leiomyoma.