Forough Kajbaf; Mohammad Ali Ghaffari; Mohammad Javad Kajbaf
Volume 7, Issue 1 , January 2012, , Pages 14-18
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form of diabetes mellitus and is associated with a variety of complications. Homocysteine is an important independent risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases in both diabetic and non diabetic subjects. The association between these two ...
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Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form of diabetes mellitus and is associated with a variety of complications. Homocysteine is an important independent risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases in both diabetic and non diabetic subjects. The association between these two is still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the serum homocysteine levels in uncomplicated type 2 diabetic patients and control subjects.
Materials and Methods: Eighty five diabetic patients and 85 healthy control subjects with the mean age of 57.65 and 57.68 years, respectively, were selected during 2010 in Ahwaz City, southwest of Iran. Serum glucose, lipids and lipoproteins were measured by standard enzymatic techniques and homocysteine levels by enzyme –linked immunosorbent assay method.
Results: In patients as a whole and with respect to the gender, homocysteine levels were generally lower than controls. Compared to other studies, homocysteine levels ranging from 12.19 to 18 µmol/l were slightly higher in both population.
Conclusion: Homocysteine levels, however, were compatible with normal range of adults. The patients were not nephropathic and it is most likely that this is the main reason for maintaining the normal levels. Slightly higher levels of homocysteine in the region are due to multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Mohammad Ebrahim Yarmohammadi; Horieh Saderi; Tahere Shahrokhtabar
Volume 5, Issue 1 , January 2010, , Pages 14-17
Abstract
Background and Objective: Sinusitis is one of the most common hygienic problems and a large part of the budget has been allocated to its diagnosis and treatment yearly. In this study, the presence of cytomegalovirus in sinuses of patients, undergone operation for treatment, with or without sinusitis, ...
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Background and Objective: Sinusitis is one of the most common hygienic problems and a large part of the budget has been allocated to its diagnosis and treatment yearly. In this study, the presence of cytomegalovirus in sinuses of patients, undergone operation for treatment, with or without sinusitis, was studied. Materials and Methods: This study was an applied and case-control study, which had been performed on 44 HIV negative patients in ENT clinic of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Tehran during 4 months in 2005.Biopsy specimens were taken from left and right of uncinet process mucosa of middle meatus of 22 patients with chronic sinusitis and 22 patients without sinusitis undergo operation for nasal septal deviation. After purification of DNA, PCR test was done for replication of early gene in cytomegalovirus DNA by two kits, which was purchased from Cinnagen Co. and Gen Fanavaran Co. Results: After the electrophoresis of PCR product on agarose gel, neither of samples has shown DNA band same the positive control enclosed in kits. Therefore, all specimens were considered negative for cytomegalovirus DNA. Conclusion: Cytomegalovirus has not been detected in sinunasal mucosa of patients with chronic sinusitis and without sinusitis. Test with more specimens and other diagnostic procedure are recommended for prove of absence of cytomegalovirus in sinunasal mucosa.
Mohammad Ali Rajabi; Fatemeh Rajabi; Parvin Rajabi Dehnavi; Mitra Heidarpour
Volume 3, Issue 1 , January 2008, , Pages 15-19
Abstract
Background and Objective: Angiogenesis is a complex program of several steps and it is tightly regulated by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Angiogenesis is one of the key elements in cutaneous wound healing and skin cancers. Estrogen seems to have positive modulating effect on cutaneous wound ...
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Background and Objective: Angiogenesis is a complex program of several steps and it is tightly regulated by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Angiogenesis is one of the key elements in cutaneous wound healing and skin cancers. Estrogen seems to have positive modulating effect on cutaneous wound healing and this effect may be explained by its angiogenic properties. This study aims to investigate the effect of estrogen on cutaneous wound angiogenesis in rats through histological criteria. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study which was carried out at Esfahan University of Medical Sciences in August 2007. Forty rats were randomly allocated into two groups and an experimental wound was induced in their skin. Wounds in the case group were treated with daily topical estrogen and gentamicin, while the controls received only topical gentamicin. After 14 days of treatment, biopsies were obtained. Results: Evaluation of wounds through a validated histological scoring system revealed significant difference between control and treated mice. The latter exhibited increased microvasculature and significantly higher scores of angiogenesis. Conclusion: Our study suggests that topical estrogen is able to increase cutaneous wound angiogenesis considering objective histological criteria.
Mohammad Reza Jalali Nadoushan; Ehsanollah Ghorbanian; Touraj Taheri
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2006, , Pages 17-20
Abstract
Objective: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder is the second common cancer of the genitourinary tract. Several parameters such as clinical and pathological parameters, molecular factors, and etc play a role in determination of prognosis and type of treatment. In this research study, ...
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Objective: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder is the second common cancer of the genitourinary tract. Several parameters such as clinical and pathological parameters, molecular factors, and etc play a role in determination of prognosis and type of treatment. In this research study, the relationship between grade and MDM2 oncoprotein overexpression in TCC of bladder was evaluated. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 75 paraffinembedded tissue blocks (deposited in Pathology Department) from patients with TCC of urinary bladder from 2002 to 2005. In this respect, 3 μm sections were taken from each block. In one of the sections, grade of tumor was determined according to WHO/ISUP criteria using hematoxylin-eosin staining method. In another section, percent of MDM2 positive cells were determined by microscopic observation of 100 cells in each section using immunohistochemical technique and specific antibody. Results: Mean of MDM2 positive cells was %9.08 ± 4.7. In addition, mean of MDM2 positive cells in low malignant potential tissue (grade I), low grade tissue (grade II), and high grade tissue (grade III) was %3.6 ± 2.2, %8.2 ±3.5, and %13.1 ± 3.4 respectively. Meanwhile, a significant relationship was found out between grade and overexpression of MDM2 oncoprotein (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Overexpression of MDM2 oncoprotein exhibits a direct relationship with grade of TCC of the urinary bladder. The obtained results were consistent with the most previous studies. Therefore, through performing studies with a greater follow-up and entailing a larger population of patients, overexpression of MDM2 oncoprotein could be used as a prognostic parameter in TCC of urinary bladder.
Issa Jahanzad; Amir Hossein Sadrzadehrafie; Reza Rafie; Masoud Rahmanian; Mohammad Reza Hayeri; Ali Reza Rezaee; Babak Gharaei; Majid Sadeghizadeh; Ali Mohammad Ahadi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , January 2007, , Pages 17-22
Abstract
Background and Objective: The association of EBV with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) has been intensely investigated over the last few years. EBV is also associated with several other malignancies. On the other hand, Ki67 molecule serves as a widely accepted proliferation marker. Several studies were previously ...
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Background and Objective: The association of EBV with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) has been intensely investigated over the last few years. EBV is also associated with several other malignancies. On the other hand, Ki67 molecule serves as a widely accepted proliferation marker. Several studies were previously performed about the expression of Ki67 in HD. This study tried to detect the correlation between Ki67 expressions with chronic EBV infection in HD patients of Iran by attenuating confounding factors.
Materials and Methods: Hodgkin patients were divided into two groups regarding their EBV infection status. The case and control groups were matched for the stage of the disease. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect Ki67 expression while DNA extraction and PCR amplification were performed to indicate chronic EBV infection.
Results: Clinicopathologic criteria of two groups including male to female ratio, age, presence of B symptoms, and pathologic subtypes were not significantly different. Ki67 expressed in 21% of EBV infected cells while 30% of EBV negative cells had this marker. There was also no statistically significant difference between these two groups.
Conclusion: After omitting the possible effect of confounding factors such as the presence of other malignancies and advanced disease stage, there was no correlation between Ki67 expression and EBV infection in Hodgkin patients in this study.
Immunology and Serology
Nasrin Sereshki; Alireza Andalib; Ataollah Ghahiri; Ferdos Mehrabian; Roya Sherkat; Abbas Rezaei
Abstract
Background & Objective:Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is defined as an unknown cause of occurrence of three or more clinically detectable pregnancy losses before 20 weeks of gestation, but it occurs presumably as a result of the immune system dysfunctions. We supposed that the ...
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Background & Objective:Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is defined as an unknown cause of occurrence of three or more clinically detectable pregnancy losses before 20 weeks of gestation, but it occurs presumably as a result of the immune system dysfunctions. We supposed that the disruption of semen or spermatozoa might be responsible for the dysfunction of the immune system in women with URSA. Semen and spermatozoa (as antigens) induce female reproductive tract (FRT) immunity. This stimulated immunity is necessary for pregnancy occurrence. The disruption of semen or spermatozoa can be a result of altering a variety of surface molecules on spermatozoa, especially polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules or antigens. Despite the importance of HLA antigens in reproduction, to the best of our knowledge, no one has studied the relation of HLA expression between spermatozoa and URSA. Therefore, this paper aims to assess this relation.Methods:Semen samples were collected from 15 URSA couples and 20 normal couples. After purification of normal spermatozoa, the HLA class I and II expressions were evaluated by flow cytometry methods.Results:Results showed that the expression of both HLA class I and II by spermatozoa, in URSA couples, was significantly less than the control couples.Conclusion:The decreased expression of polymorphic HLA class Ⅰ and Ⅱ by spermatozoa can be related to URSA occurrence.
Maryam Amini; Ali Davati; Masomeh Piri
Volume 8, Issue 1 , January 2013, , Pages 21-26
Abstract
Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is one of the main problems in health systems in the world. Diabetic Foot infections (DFI) is one of the main complications and the most cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputation .This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacteria involved in ...
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Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is one of the main problems in health systems in the world. Diabetic Foot infections (DFI) is one of the main complications and the most cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputation .This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacteria involved in DFI and their antibiotic resistance in patients with DFI diagnosis.
Patients and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was designed in 4 years period from April 2007 to March 2010 on 90 patient in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital,Tehran, Iran .For bacteriological analysis, all wound samples culture grown by standard methods bacteriology and Disk diffusion method was used for antibiogram. Patient’s clinical and epidemiologic data were collected from recorded file. The data were analyzed by using SPSS16 statistical software.
Results: 104 bacteria were isolated from 90 patients. 57.70% were gram-positive and 42.30% were gram-negative. Among gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (60%) and enteroccoci spp.(33.3%) and among gram-negative bacteria E. coli (47.73%), Pseudomonas Aeroginosa (22.73%) and Proteus spp.(18.18%) were the most common isolates respectively. 75% of isolates were resistant to two antibiotics or more. Previous antibiotic therapy was significant risk factor for multidrug resistant (MDR) infections (P: 0.003). All gram-positive isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin. Imipenem and Amikacin had good activity against gram-negative bacteria.
Conclusion:Infection with MDR bacteria in patients with diabetic foot ulcers is high and have significant association with recent antibiotic therapy. So the proper use of antibiotics in order to prevent the creation of multi-drug resistant bacteria is recommended.
Abolfazl Khoshdel; Ebrahim Saedi Dezaki; Froozan Ganji; Roya Habibian; Reza Imani; Elham Taheri; Azar Nikkhah
Volume 9, Issue 1 , January 2014, , Pages 23-27
Abstract
Background and Objectives: An increasing number of tularemia was reported in all over the world. This infection is characterized by different clinical syndromes that can be considered in differential diagnosis of infectious disease. Despite effective antibiotics against Francisella tularensis, ...
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Background and Objectives: An increasing number of tularemia was reported in all over the world. This infection is characterized by different clinical syndromes that can be considered in differential diagnosis of infectious disease. Despite effective antibiotics against Francisella tularensis, this infection is still as one of the agent of mortality and disability among infectious disease.The aim of this study was investigation of seroepidemiological of F. tuleransis among children between 2-18 years old in a risky zone in Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional, laboratory-based study in two distinct villages Saragha seyed and Khoye in Chaharmahal va bakhtiari Province involved 183 children, adolescents who had no sign and symptom of disease and were screened for tularemia immunoglobulins G (IgG), using the ELISA-based quantitative assay.
Results: In general, from 183 children 11 persons (6%) were seropositive, compared with 172 persons (94%) were seronegative.
Conclusion: According to the high prevalence of antibodies against F. tularensis in this study, this infection must be considered as differential diagnosis of infectious disease in suspect patients.
Deepti Gupta; Veena Gupta; Nisha Marwah; Meenu Gill; Sumiti Gupta; Gopal Gupta; Promil Jain; Rajeev Sen
Abstract
Background and Objective: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer of Indian women. Estrogen and Progesterone expression is seen in benign breast lesions and in breast carcinoma associated with good prognostic parameters and it correlates well with response to hormone therapy. Although a lot of studies ...
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Background and Objective: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer of Indian women. Estrogen and Progesterone expression is seen in benign breast lesions and in breast carcinoma associated with good prognostic parameters and it correlates well with response to hormone therapy. Although a lot of studies have been conducted in the past on hormone receptor expression in breast cancer and few have correlated them with other prognostic parameters of breast cancer, the present study was intended to document the prevalence of hormone receptor positive breast carcinomas in our population; their importance in benign breast diseases; to document a reliable scoring system of hormone receptors expression by Quick scoring; to correlate them with most of the proven prognostic parameters of breast carcinoma. Methods: Tissue specimens from 25 patients with benign breast disease and 50 patients with breast carcinoma were assayed for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors using Quick scoring. ER/PR expression in breast carcinomas was correlated with various prognostic parameters including patients’ age, menopausal status, tumor size, type, MBR grade, NPI, lymphatic vessel invasion, lymph node stage, lymphomononuclear invasion, elastosis and HER2/neu status. Result: Scoring of steroid receptors paralleled intensity of hyperplasia in benign breast diseases but in breast carcinoma, it was inversely correlated with grade of tumor, NPI, HER2/neu status, tumor necrosis, lymphomononuclear infiltrate and elastosis. We found no relationship with tumor size, lymph node status or age. Conclusion: Assessment of hormone receptors for clinical management of breast cancer patients is strongly advocated to provide prognostic information and best therapeutic options
Microbiology
Reza Ranjbar; Afsar Tabatabaee; Payam Behzadi; Rohollah Kheiri
Abstract
Background: Escherichia coli is a commensal-pathogenic organism, which includes a wide range of strains. Despite several advanced molecular-genomic technologies for detecting and identifying different strains of E. coli, Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction ...
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Background: Escherichia coli is a commensal-pathogenic organism, which includes a wide range of strains. Despite several advanced molecular-genomic technologies for detecting and identifying different strains of E. coli, Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) technique is a quick, sharp and cost effective fingerprint method. The major purpose of the present study was to determine the distribution of ERICs within E. coli strains isolated from different healthy animal stool specimens including hens, sheep, and cows, as an appropriate and quick molecular-genomic tool. Methods: The animal stool samples were obtained during 1 year (October 2012 to October 2013), from animal husbandries around Tehran and Alborz provinces, Iran. After screening processes, the E. coli bacteria were isolated and cultured via standard microbiological methods. The DNA molecules of E. coli bacteria were harvested and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) was applied for bacterial molecular genotyping. The ERIC-PCR products were run on 1% gel electrophoresis. The final images regarding gel electrophoresis banding patterns were used for dendrogram generation via the GelClust software. Results: Of 120 isolated samples, 115 different strains were recognized as E. coli. The fingerprint patterns involved 380 to 3280 bp bands. The predominant bands included 2900 bp, 1200 bp, and 1200 bp in stool samples of hens, sheep, and cows, respectively. The highest frequencies and diversities were seen among E. coli strains isolated from hens and sheep stool samples. Conclusion: The DNA profiles were clearly detectable via specific fingerprint patterns. The ERIC-PCR seemed to be a good approach for molecular typing of E. coli strains isolated from different animal sources.
Mohammad Hossein Sanei; Omid Mirmosayyeb; Ali Chehrei; Jamshid Ansari; Elahe Saberi
Abstract
Background & Objective: Gastric cancer is the second most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide, despite differences in incidence around the world. The majority of gastric cancer cases concern gastric adenocarcinoma, which has a fairly high 5-year survival rate when coupled with early-stage diagnosis. ...
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Background & Objective: Gastric cancer is the second most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide, despite differences in incidence around the world. The majority of gastric cancer cases concern gastric adenocarcinoma, which has a fairly high 5-year survival rate when coupled with early-stage diagnosis. Versican, a member of the aggregating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans family, is accumulated predominantly in the tumor stroma. The aim of our study was to investigate versican expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: In this study we investigated 80 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent gastrectomy. Each sample was obtained from paraffin-embedded resected specimens of the stomach after histopathological diagnosis. Patient follow-up was performed every 3 months after the beginning of data collection. Survival analysis was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method for univariate analysis.Results: Out of 80 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, 76 cases (76.3%males and 23.7% females) completed the follow-up period. Positive versican expression in tumor epithelial and stromal cells was found in 39.5% and 22.4% of tumors, respectively. Shorter survival was observed among patients whose gastric adenocarcinoma expressed epithelial or stromal versican.Conclusion: In summary, the present study suggests that versican is likely a prognostic biomarker that predicts a poor outcome in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
ARUL P; Shetty Smitha; Suresh Masilamani; Akshatha C
Abstract
Background and objective:Cytogenetic damage in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells due to environmental and occupational exposure is often monitored by micronucleus (MN) assay using liquid based cytology (LBC) preparations. This study was performed to evaluate MN in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells ...
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Background and objective:Cytogenetic damage in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells due to environmental and occupational exposure is often monitored by micronucleus (MN) assay using liquid based cytology (LBC) preparations. This study was performed to evaluate MN in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells of building construction workers using LBC preparations. Material and methods: LBC preparations of exfoliated buccal epithelial cells from 100 subjects [50 building construction workers (cases) and 50 administrative staffs (controls)] was evaluated by May-Grunwald Giemsa, Hematoxylin and Eosin and Papanicolaou stains. Student’s t test was used for statistical analysis and a P value of Results: The mean frequencies of MN for cases were significantly higher than controls regardless of staining methods used.There were statistically significant differences between smokers and non-smokers of the controls as well as duration of working exposure (5 years) and smokers and non-smokers of cases (P=0.001). However, there were meaningful differences regarding mean frequencies of MN between smokers, non-smokers, those with alcohol consumption or not in cases and controls using various stains (P=0.001). Conclusion: There was an increased risk of cytogenetic damage in building construction workers. However, evaluation of MN of exfoliated buccal epithelial cells in building construction workers serve as a minimally invasive biomarker for cytogenetic damage. LBC preparations can be applied for MN assay as it improves the quality of smears and cell morphology, decreases the confounding factors and reduces false positive results.
Breast Pathology
Negin Parsamanesh; Shabnam Shahidi; Parvin Ansari Shayesteh; Mahsa Alami
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the common malignant tumors worldwide accounting for 15% of all cancer-related deaths. Since a timely diagnosis of BC is essential for optimal treatment and also increasing the survival rate of patients. Today, various financial support is applied to find the best biomarkers. ...
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Breast cancer is one of the common malignant tumors worldwide accounting for 15% of all cancer-related deaths. Since a timely diagnosis of BC is essential for optimal treatment and also increasing the survival rate of patients. Today, various financial support is applied to find the best biomarkers. Considering the financial issue, in-silico analysis is the best approach. LRP family proteins are important components of cell-surface receptors that involved in numerous biological activities. One of the most pivotal role LRPs is Wnt signaling pathway. Expression of LRP is related with BC malignancy. In this study, we first investigated expression of LRPs in BC tissues in comparison with normal tissues. Relation of LRP expression with RFS and OS. Then, we investigated the association of LRPs expression and immune infiltrating abundance.
Diagnostic Pathology
Reza Gheitasi; Esmaeil Sadeghi; Mohammad Jafari
Abstract
Background & Objective: Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy in males, and the urothelial bladder carcinoma is also prevalent. The histological characteristic of these two tumors is very similar in high-grade cases, and their differentiation is difficult. This study was performed ...
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Background & Objective: Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy in males, and the urothelial bladder carcinoma is also prevalent. The histological characteristic of these two tumors is very similar in high-grade cases, and their differentiation is difficult. This study was performed to compare the immunohistochemistry panel of high-grade prostate adenocarcinomas and high-grade urothelial bladder carcinomas.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 36 cases of prostate adenocarcinoma and 36 urothelial bladder carcinoma samples were collected from the pathology department of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamedan. For each sample, expression of Cytokeratin 7, high-molecular-weight cytokeratin and Prostate-specific antigen markers was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Comparison of expression of these markers in high-grade bladder tumors and prostate tumors was made by SPSS 25 using Chi-square test.Results: In this study, the Cytokeratin 7 positivity was seen in 88.9% of bladder cancer versus 27.8% of prostate cancer samples. High-molecular-weight cytokeratin positive immunoreactivity was noted in 55.6% of bladder cancer and 5.6% of prostate cancer samples. Prostate-specific antigen marker showed positive results in 94.4% of prostate cancer samples, but no positivity was evident in those of bladder cancer.Conclusion: A panel of immunohistochemical stains can be used to differentiate high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma from urothelial bladder carcinoma in those cases which are challenging to diagnose.
Transfusion Medicine
Sujata Mallick; Mahasweta Mallik; Puskar Shyam Chowdhury
Abstract
Background & Objective: Background and objective: Perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) during radical urological surgeries has been associated with an increased incidence of complications. The present study analyzes the outcome of perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) and the prognostic implications ...
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Background & Objective: Background and objective: Perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) during radical urological surgeries has been associated with an increased incidence of complications. The present study analyzes the outcome of perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) and the prognostic implications after radical surgeries on patients with malignant urological tumors.Methods: Our retrospective study included 792 cases of partial or radical nephrectomy /cystectomy/prostatectomy surgeries for kidney/bladder/ prostate carcinoma from 2012 to 2022. Data on preoperative, intraoperative, and pathological parameters were evaluated. PBT was taken as a period of transfusion of allogenic RBC during/preoperative/postoperative surgeries. The effect of PBT on oncological parameters like recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and cancer-free survival (CSS) was compared using univariate cox regression analysis (Odds ratio, Hazard ratio).Results: PBT was applied on 124 (20.6%) patients of nephrectomy, 54 (46.5%) patients of cystectomy, and 23 (31%) patients of prostatectomy. The baseline characteristics of the cohort study found symptomatic patients with older age and other co-morbidities to be transfusion-dependent. Also, the patients undergoing radical operations with more blood loss and advanced tumor stage were more likely to receive PBT. PBT was significantly associated with survival outcomes (P<0.05) in nephrectomy and cystectomy cases but independent of association in prostatectomy cases.Conclusion: The result of this study concludes that in nephrectomy and cystectomy operations, PBT had a significant association with cancer recurrence and mortality; however, in prostatectomy cases, no significant correlation was noted. Thus, proper criteria to prevent the unnecessary use of PBT and more defined parameters for transfusion are needed to improve postoperative survival. Autologous transfusion should be considered more frequently. However, more extensive studies and randomized trials are needed in this area.
Hossein Keyvani; Fahimeh Safarnezhad Tameshkel; Mohammad Hadi Karbalaie Niya
Volume 11, Issue 1 , January 2016, , Pages 35-40
Abstract
Background: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox in children and zoster (zona) in the elderly. Using RFLP-PCR method for detection of VZV specific SNPs ORF38, 54 and 62 could distinguish the profile of VZV isolates. The aim of this study was to investigate enzymatic digestion pattern ...
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Background: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox in children and zoster (zona) in the elderly. Using RFLP-PCR method for detection of VZV specific SNPs ORF38, 54 and 62 could distinguish the profile of VZV isolates. The aim of this study was to investigate enzymatic digestion pattern of VZV ORF38 and ORF54 in chickenpox patients using RFLP technique. Methods: Thirty-eight chickenpox patients, who referred to the hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran from May 2010 to June 2015 were enrolled in this cross sectional study. After the DNA extraction, PCR amplification of 38 VZV isolates performed by specific primers of ORFs 38 and 54, then RFLP assay and digestion carried out by PstI (for ORF38) and BglI (for ORF54) restriction enzymes. Results: Of 38 positive VZV DNA, the mean age (yr)±SD was 34.4±23.3 (range: 7-89). 22 (57.9%) were female and 16 (42.1%) were male. The predominant VZV profile of BglI+PstI+ were 89.5% (34/38) followed by 10.5% (4/38) PstI+BglI‾. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between genotype, age, sex, and year of infection variables (P value> 0.05). The common VZV genotype among Iranian patients with chickenpox and zona infection is genotype BglI+PstI+ followed by PstI+BglI‾. Conclusion: There are different VZV circulating genotypes that call for for more research on this field by widely population and other methods such as nucleotide sequencing to justify the accurate VZV genotype prevalence in Iran.
Mehdi Seilanian Toosi; Jalil Tavakkol Afshar; Mohamad Reza Ghavam Nassiri; Mona Malekzadeh Moghani; Houshang Rafatpanah; Azam Brook
Volume 2, Issue 2 , April 2007, , Pages 59-66
Abstract
Background and Objective: Host genetic factors such as cytokine gene polymorphisms as well as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection have been found to be associated with gastric cancer risk . Interleukin 1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation. Therefore, ...
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Background and Objective: Host genetic factors such as cytokine gene polymorphisms as well as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection have been found to be associated with gastric cancer risk . Interleukin 1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation. Therefore, we analyzed the association between IL-1β and IL-1-RN polymorphisms and gastric cancer in Persian residents in north-eastern Iran. Methods: In a case-control study, the genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP in 109 gastric cancer patients and 101 randomly-selected healthy controls. The polymorphic sites include promoter region of IL-1β at 511 (C-T transition) position and IL-RN VNTR H. pylori infection was determined by ELISA assay in patients. Results: No significant differences were observed in the allele and genotype frequency of IL-1β-511 and IL-1RN VNTR between patients and control. Genotype frequencies in healthy controls were not significantly different from gastric cancer cases in separate histological types (intestinal or diffuse). IL- 1β-511 CT genotype frequency was significantly higher among healthy subjects than H. pylori positive gastric cancer patients (41.6% vs. 20%, p = 0.01, OR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.11-0.76). Meanwhile, relatively higher frequency of IL-1β-511 T genotype was observed among H. pylori positive cases as compared to healthy controls (42.9% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.06, OR 2.16, 95% CI: 0.96-4.8) Conclusion: Our results suggest the association between IL-1β-511 polymorphism and H. pylori infection and their contribution to the risk of gastric cancer. While IL-1β-511 CT genotype has a protective effect against H. pylori associated gastric carcinoma, IL-1β-511 TT may increase the risk.
Parviz Owlia; Horieh Saderi; Sadegh Mansouri; Sirus Salemi; Hossein Ameli
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2006, , Pages 61-64
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Infection is the most common problem following burn injury. Selection and dissemination of intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms increase the probability of burn wound colonization by resistant species including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas ...
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Background and Objectives: Infection is the most common problem following burn injury. Selection and dissemination of intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms increase the probability of burn wound colonization by resistant species including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has frequently been reported as the cause of nosocomial outbreaks of infection in burn wards or as colonizers of the wound of burned patients. Therefore, this research study was conducted to compare the activity of various antibiotics and disinfectants against clinically important strains of P. aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: One hundred strains of P. aeruginosa were obtained as clinical isolates from burn wound infections. The antimicrobial activity of antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion method of Kirby-Baur. For disinfectants, 30 μl of each of them was placed on sterile blank disk and studied by disk diffusion method. Results: The frequency of resistant strains to kanamycin, tobramycin, amikacin, cefotaxime, carbenicillin, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, cefixim, ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, cephalexine, and ceftriaxone was 100, 93, 95, 81, 84, 95, 94, 100, 99, 100, 100, and 92 respectively. The averaged diameter of inhibition zone for chlorhexidine (0.2%), povidione iodine (10%), cetrimide-C (3.5%), dekosept, hypochlorite (10%), micro 10+ (2%), deconex 53+ (2%), and ethanol (70%) was 14.4 ± 1.9 mm, 10.6 ± 1.3 mm, 9.1 ± 2.6 mm, 8.6 ± 2.2 mm, 26.9 ± 5.2 mm, 6.58 ± 1.5 mm, 8.3 ± 2.2 mm, and 6 ± 0.0 mm respectively.
Alireza Azizzadeh Delshad; Marjan Heshmati; Taki Tiraihi
Volume 3, Issue 2 , March 2008, , Pages 67-74
Abstract
Background and Objective: As apoptotic cell death is extremely involved in physiological development and many pathological situations such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, the understanding of its molecular machinery can be useful in designing new therapeutic strategies. The present ...
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Background and Objective: As apoptotic cell death is extremely involved in physiological development and many pathological situations such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, the understanding of its molecular machinery can be useful in designing new therapeutic strategies. The present study investigated the temporal expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax in adult spinal motoneurons. Materials and Methods: Following unilateral mid-thigh sciatic transection in adult rats, the incidence and nature of spinal motoneuron loss were evaluated by means of light microscopic cell count and electron microscopy 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months post-operatively. In all groups the temporal expression of Bax was immunohistochemically determined and the findings were compared with the results of the cell count. Results: Following axotomy the related motoneurons underwent chromatolytic changes which increased up to one month and diminished in the 3-month group. One day following axotomy the number of motoneurons did not show any significant reduction, but thereafter a progressive cell loss occurred, which was most prominent after three months. Electron microscopic study confirmed the ultrastructural apoptotic nature of cell death. Bax immunohistochemistry indicated an increasing immunoreactivity up to one month post-axotomy, but in 3-month group it was clearly diminished. Conclusion: Following transection of a peripheral nerve in adult animals, related motoneurons undergo chromatolytic changes which in some neurons may proceed to apoptotic cell death. Although the proapoptotic protein Bax has long been believed as the main apoptotic factor, other Bax-independent pathways may also participate in the axotomy-induced neuronal apoptosis which must not be ignored.
Reza Shafiei; Zahra Riazi; Mohamdreza Sarvghad; Mysam Galian Sharifdini; Abbas Mahmoodzadeh; Massoud Hajia
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2011, , Pages 68-72
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Toxoplasmosis has become one of the more frequent opportunistic infections and the most common cause of focal brain lesions complicating the course of AIDS. However, there is a little information about the frequency of the toxoplasmosis in various regions of Iran. At ...
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Background and Objectives: Toxoplasmosis has become one of the more frequent opportunistic infections and the most common cause of focal brain lesions complicating the course of AIDS. However, there is a little information about the frequency of the toxoplasmosis in various regions of Iran. At the present study, we evaluated the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS in Mashhasd (Northeast Iran). Material and Methods: Overall, 258 suspected patients with CD4+ T-cell count and clinical manifestation for HIV infection were referred from Infectious Disease Center to Imam Reza Hospital in 2009. These patients were examined by ELISA, western blot method and tested by P24 antigen. HIV positive patients (n=121) were entered in this cross-sectional study and investigated for IgG and IgM anti- Toxoplasma antibodies with ELISA. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.83 + 6.75 yr. 83.5% of the patients were intravenous drug misuse. The IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were positive in 46 (38.01%) patients, while IgM antibody was detected in 3 cases (2.5%). Conclusion: The rate of toxoplasmosis infection in HIV positive patients is high. Therefore, immediate treatment of these patients is essential in rising specific antibody cases that may cause toxoplasmic encephalitis resulting from its reactivation.
Amitis Ramezani; Ali Eslamifar; Arezoo Aghakhani; Ebrahim Kalantar; Mohammad Banifazl; Akbar Velayati
Volume 4, Issue 2 , April 2009, , Pages 71-74
Abstract
Background and Objective: The outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may be influenced by host factors like Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA). We have investigated HLA-A and DRB1 alleles in patients with persistent hepatitis B infection compared to subjects who had spontaneously recovered from ...
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Background and Objective: The outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may be influenced by host factors like Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA). We have investigated HLA-A and DRB1 alleles in patients with persistent hepatitis B infection compared to subjects who had spontaneously recovered from HBV infection. To complete the findings of this study we performed another survey in certain HLA alleles that were significantly related to the outcome of HBV infection. The current study aimed to determine association between HBV infection outcome and HLA-A and DRB1 genotyping in North part of Iran. Patients and Methods: Ninety-four HBV infected patients were enrolled in this cross sectional study. First HLA-A and DRB1 alleles were analyzed by using low resolution PCR sequence-specific-primer (PCR-SSP) and then we used high resolution PCR-SSP method for subtyping HLA-A*33 and DRB1*13 alleles which were significantly related to the outcome of HBV infection. Results: HLA-A*33 allele was significantly higher in persistent group than recovered group and sub typing showed HLA-A*3303 in 75% and HLA-A*3301 in 25% of cases. HLA-DRB1*13 allele was significantly lower in persistent group than in recovered group and its subtypes were DRB1*1301 in 66.7% and DRB1*1303 in 33.3% of subjects. Conclusion: Host HLA polymorphism is an important factor to determining the outcome of HBV infection. HLA-A*3303 and DRB1*1301 were the predominant subtypes of HLA-A*33 and DRB1*13 alleles in Iranian HBV infected patients.
Younes Roohani; Mohammad Reza Hosseinzadeh; Mahmoodreza Khalatbari; Alireza Sadeghipoor; Farid Zaeri; Azimi-Khatibani , Esmail
Volume 5, Issue 2 , March 2010, , Pages 77-82
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Gliomas are the most prevalent primary brain tumors. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was evaluation of clinical trend and prognosis of patients with brain glioma and effective factors in prognosis. Materials and Methods: Hundred and forty-five patients ...
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Background and Objectives: Gliomas are the most prevalent primary brain tumors. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was evaluation of clinical trend and prognosis of patients with brain glioma and effective factors in prognosis. Materials and Methods: Hundred and forty-five patients with supratentorial brain glioma, treated in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini & Hazrat-e-Rasool hospitals in Tehran , Iran from March 1999 to August 2005, were studied. Clinical, therapeutic and malignancy grade data were collected. The WHO classification was used for reporting malignancy grade. All patients were pursued until August 2005. Mann-Whitney, Kaplan-Meier, Cox Regression, and Chi-Square test were used for analysis. Results: Median survival was 39.7 weeks for malignancy grade IV. One-year survival rates in malignancy grades of II, III, IV and all patients were 86%, 83%, 40% and 47%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, effective factors in prognosis of all patients above 60 were radiotherapy and malignancy grade IV; and in patients with malignant glioma were age of above 60 and radiotherapy; and in patients with low-grade glioma were motor deficits. Conclusions: Survival rate decreases from malignancy grade II to IV and this reduction is evident in malignancy grade IV. Role of radiotherapy as an effective factor in prognosis in all patients and in malignant glioma is important.
Gynecologic Pathology
Fatemeh Nili; Mansoureh Tavakoli; Narges Izadi-Mood; Hana Saffar; Soheila Sarmadi
Abstract
Background & Objective: Clear cell carcinomas (CCC) differ from other types of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas in biology, behavior and response to chemotherapy. Histopathologic diagnosis may be challenging in some situations which necessitates immunohistochemistary (IHC) assessment. In this study ...
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Background & Objective: Clear cell carcinomas (CCC) differ from other types of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas in biology, behavior and response to chemotherapy. Histopathologic diagnosis may be challenging in some situations which necessitates immunohistochemistary (IHC) assessment. In this study we investigated the diagnostic utility of Napsin-A in diagnosis of ovarian and endometrial CCCs. Methods: Ovarian and endometrial CCC samples from 2013 to 2018 in 3 general and women’s hospital in Tehran were re-evaluated by 2 expert pathologists. Forty-two samples were included as case and 42 non-clear cell carcinomas (Non-CCC) of ovary and endometrium were selected as control group. Based on IHC study tumors with sum intensity and percentage score ≥2 (at least 1+ staining in more than 1% of tumor cells) were considered positive. Result: The prevalence of endometrial and ovarian CCC in the case group were 15 and 27 respectively. The tumors in the control group included 22 cases of endometrioid, 2 high grade papillary serous carcinoma (HGSC) of endometrium, 6 endometrioid and 12 HGSC of ovary. Napsin-A positivity was observed in 35 (83%) of CCCs while 7 (17%) samples including 3 out of 15 endometrial and 4 out of 27 ovarian CCCs were Napsin-A negative. No positive reaction was seen in control group. The overall accuracy, specifity and sensitivity of Napsin-A for diagnosis of ovarian and endometrial CCCs were 83%, 100% and 83%, respectively. Sensitivity for ovarian and endometrial CCCs were 85% and 80%, orderly. Conclusion: Napsin-A is an accurate and reliable marker for distinction of CCCs from non-CCCs in ovary and endometrium. A panel of antibodies may yield the highest diagnostic accuracy.
Abolfazl Khoshdel; Shahla Taheri; Reza Khadivi; Ebrahim Saedi; Kurosh Ashrafi; Reza Imani; Faranak Jazaeri
Volume 7, Issue 2 , April 2012, , Pages 86-91
Abstract
Background and Objective: In Iran, prenatal Chlamydia and gonorrhea screening of pregnant women and neonatal eye prophylaxis are not routine practice. The present research aimed to identify bacterial agents of neonatal conjunctivitis.
Materials & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on ...
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Background and Objective: In Iran, prenatal Chlamydia and gonorrhea screening of pregnant women and neonatal eye prophylaxis are not routine practice. The present research aimed to identify bacterial agents of neonatal conjunctivitis.
Materials & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on all babies born over a period from April 2007 to April 2008 in Hajar Hospital of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Babies presenting clinical signs of erythema and edema of eyelid and purulent eye discharge were considered as clinical conjunctivitis. Specimens were obtained in all cases with conjunctivitis and were performed gram staining and cultures in specific media. A simple ELISA has been performed for measurement the immunoglobin M antibody to C. trachomatis and positive result rechecked by indirect immunoflurescent test.
Results: During the period of one year, 223 neonates have revealed bacterial conjunctivitis. The incidence rate of neonatal conjunctivitis was 2.8%. Chlamydia conjunctivitis was identified in 13.6% of cases and gonococcal conjunctivitis was identified in 5.5% of cases.
Discussion: The high incidence rate of Chlamydia and gonococcal conjunctivitis, have revealed that the eye prophylaxis from ophthalmia neonatorum is needed promptly.
Nisha Marwah; Shweta Rana; Promil Jain; Sumiti Gupta; Sanjay Marwah; Rajeev Sen
Volume 8, Issue 2 , April 2013, , Pages 97-103
Abstract
Background & Objective: Abdominal cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules are uncommon lesions which may be benign or malignant. Majority of the malignant nodules are metastatic in origin and may be the initial presentation of primary malignancy, hence an early diagnosis is important. Our aim was to find ...
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Background & Objective: Abdominal cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules are uncommon lesions which may be benign or malignant. Majority of the malignant nodules are metastatic in origin and may be the initial presentation of primary malignancy, hence an early diagnosis is important. Our aim was to find out the spectrum of lesions (both non-neoplastic and neoplastic) that present as cutaneous and subcutaneous abdominal wall nodules and to assess the efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in early diagnosis of all such lesions so that need for histopathology can be minimized. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 46 patients of all age groups, presenting with various palpable cutaneous and subcutaneous abdominal wall nodules. FNAC was performed, smears stained with May Grunwald- Giemsa stain and Pap stains. Special stains were applied wherever required. Cytological diagnosis was subsequently correlated with histopathological diagnosis. Results: Out of 46 FNAC cases ; there were 13 non-neoplastic lesions, 15 benign neoplasms and 17 malignant lesions. One case was inadequate for opinion that on histopathology turned out to be metastatic deposits from renal cell carcinoma. The rate of unsatisfactory FNAC was 2.2% and the sensitivity was 89.47%. The specificity and positive predictive value was 100%. Conclusion: FNAC is a simple, minimally invasive, highly accurate and cost effective technique for quick diagnosis of malignant metastatic abdominal wall nodules, thus minimising the need for histopathology and for deciding mode of treatment.